Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume Ii Part 35

=Lotion of Sul'phate of Iron.= _Syn._ LOTIO FERRI SULPHATIS. Sulphate of iron, 2 gr.; water, 1 oz.

=Lotion of Sul'phate of Zinc.= _Syn._ LOTIO ZINCI SULPHATIS, L. _Prep._ 1.

Sulphate of zinc, 3/4 dr.; water, 1 pint. Astringent; in some chronic skin diseases, as a wash for loose, flabby granulations, and for ulcers that discharge profusely, &c.

2. (Collier.) Sulphate of zinc, 2 dr.; water, 1 pint. As a counter-irritant in pains of the joints, periosteum, old sprains, &c.

=Lotion of Sulphuret of Sodium.= (Dr Barlow.) _Syn._ LOTIO SODII SULPHURETI. _Prep._ Sulphide of sodium, 2 dr.; white soap, 2-1/2 dr.; rectified spirit, 2 dr.; lime water, 7 oz. For ringworm.

=Lotion of Tannin.= (Mr Druitt.) _Syn._ LOTIO TANNINI. _Prep._ Tannic acid, 5 gr.; distilled water, 1 oz.; mix. On lint, covered with oil silk, to sore nipples.

=Lotion of Tar.= _Syn._ LOTIO PICIS LIQUIDae, L. _Prep._ (Saunders.) Quicklime, 6 oz.; water, 2-1/2 pints; slake, add of tar, 4 oz., and boil to one half. This liquid may be advantageously employed in various chronic skin diseases, especially those affecting the heads of children. See INFUSION OF TAR.

=Lotion of Valer'ian.= _Syn._ LOTIO VALERIANae, EMBROCATIO ANTIHYSTERICA, E. EMMENAGOGA, L. _Prep._ From tincture of valerian and proof spirit, equal parts. In hysteria, suppressions, &c.

=Lotion of Vera'trine.= _Syn._ LOTIO VERATRIae, L. _Prep._ (Dr Turnbull.) Veratrine, 20 to 60 gr.; rectified spirit, 2 oz. In gout, rheumatism, &c.

It is extremely poisonous, and must only be used where the skin is sound, and then with great caution.

=Lotion of Ver'digris.= _Syn._ LOTIO aeRUGINIS, L. CUPRI CITRATIS, L.

_Prep._ From verdigris, 3 dr.; vinegar, 1/4 pint; water, 3/4 pint. As a wash for indolent, scrofulous, and venereal ulcers.

=Lotion of Vin'egar.= See ACETIC LOTION (_above_).

=Lotion, Yellow.= See MERCURIAL LOTION (_above_).

=LOUSE.= _Syn._ PEDICULUS. There are several species of this offensive parasite infesting the bodies of man and domesticated animals. The three varieties of lice found on the human skin are:--(1) The _Pediculus corporis_, (2) the _P. capitis_, (3) the _P. pubis_.

(1.) The _P. corporis_, the body louse, is of a dirty white colour, and varies from half to two lines in length. Its body is broad and elongated, with the margins divided into lobes, and covered with minute hairs; but it has a narrow thorax, furnished on each side with three legs, which terminate in claws. This creature produces great irritation of the skin, giving rise to a number of little pimples on it, which frequently discharge a watery fluid. It multiplies with extraordinary rapidity.

(2.) The _P. capitis_, the head louse, is much smaller than the above. It is devoid of hairs, with legs large in proportion to its body. It gives rise to a very troublesome eruption, attended with a watery discharge. It is propagated by means of the ova or nits, which are glued to the hairs of the head.

(3.) The _P. pubis_, the crab louse, is a small, round variety, which attaches itself with considerable tenacity to the hairs of the stomach and lower part of the body more particularly, and, like the preceding parasite, glues its eggs to the hairs.

Various applications have been recommended for the destruction of these loathsome parasites; amongst which we may mention sulphur, stavesacre, white precipitate, and cocculus indicus, in the form of ointments; carbolic acid and perchloride of mercury lotions, and tobacco. Benzoic acid has been found of service in allaying the irritation. Diligent washing with soap and water should be had recourse to previous to applying any of the above remedies, and should the head be infested, the hair should be cut short, and frequently combed with a small toothcomb.

Pediculi are sometimes conveyed from filthy to cleanly persons by means of dirty water-closets, chairs, sheets, brushes and combs, and in various other ways.

School children frequently obtain them in consequence of their heads being brought into too close contact with the heads of other children infested by them.

=LOZ'ENGE.= _Syn._ TROCHE; TROCHISCUS, TABELLA, L.; TABLETTE, Fr. A small cake, often medicated, consisting princ.i.p.ally of powdered sugar, made into a ma.s.s with some glutinous liquid, without the aid of heat, and dried. The form given to lozenges (TROCHE, TABELLae, TROCHISCI, TABLETTES) is generally that of a small round tablet or flattened cylinder; but originally they were exclusively made in the shape of a lozenge or rhomb, from which circ.u.mstance their familiar name is derived. LOZENGES are distinguished from DROPS OR PASTILLES by the non-employment of heat in their preparation; and from PASTES, by the latter being formed of vegetable juice or pulp, and having a softer consistence.

In the preparation of lozenges the dry ingredients, separately reduced to a very fine powder, are first perfectly mixed together, and then beaten into a stiff paste with the glutinous liquid employed to give them form; the ma.s.s is next rolled out to a desired thickness, and cut into pieces of the proper shape by means of a small cylinder or punch of steel or tin-plate, called a 'lozenge-cutter.' The newly formed lozenges are lastly dried by placing them on an inverted sieve or frame covered with paper in a dry, warm, and airy situation, and are frequently turned until they become hard and brittle, due care being taken to preserve them from dust and dirt. To prevent the ma.s.s adhering to the fingers and utensils during the process of manufacture, a little finely powdered starch, or a very little olive oil, scented with the same aromatic as that contained in the lozenges, may be used. Mucilage of gum Arabic or of gum tragacanth, thin isingla.s.s size, or the strained white of egg, are the substances usually employed to make the pulverulent materials adhere together. A strained decoction of Irish moss is now frequently used for the same purpose, for inferior qualities. The larger the proportion of gum which enters into the composition of lozenges, the slower they dissolve in the mouth; hence powdered gum is frequently added to the other materials to increase their quality in this respect, as well as to give an additional solidity to those which, like chalk, for instance, are of a peculiarly dry or crumbly nature. Starch and potato flour are often added to lozenge-ma.s.ses in lieu of a portion of the sugar, and even plaster of Paris is not unfrequently employed to give them weight; frauds which are readily detected in the manner noticed under GUM and SUGAR.

As a general rule, MEDICATED LOZENGES should weigh from 8 to 10 gr. each, and a medium dose of their active ingredient should be distributed through the bulk of 6 to 8 of them, in which case 3 to 5 of them may be safely taken as a dose, or sucked during the lapse of 3 or 4 hours. This will be useful in the preparation of those for which no established proportions are given. In 'sending out' compounds of this cla.s.s containing active medicaments, as morphia or opium, the retailer as well as the manufacturer should be careful that the quant.i.ty contained in each lozenge is plainly marked on the label.

In lozenges intended for MOUTH COSMETICS or to perfume the breath, ambergris is generally regarded as the most appropriate perfume; but hard smokers frequently prefer cloves and cinnamon, and some ladies give the preference to roses, orange flowers, and orris or violets.

Lozenges are coloured with the same stains as are used for liqueurs and sweetmeats.

Lozenges, as well as all other similar articles of confectionery, should be preserved in well-closed gla.s.s bottles, or jars, or in tin canisters, so as to be perfectly excluded from the air and damp.

=Lozenges, Absor'bent.= TROCHISCI ANTACIDI, L. _Prep._ 1. Take of precipitated chalk, 1/4 lb.; gum Arabic, 2 oz.; double refined white sugar, 14 oz.; all in impalpable powder; oil of nutmeg, 1/2 fl. dr.; pa.s.s the mixture through a fine sieve, beat it up with mucilage q. s., roll the ma.s.s into a thin sheet, and cut it into lozenges; lastly, dry them by exposing them on a sheet of white paper to the air, out of contact with dust.

2. As the last, but subst.i.tuting heavy carbonate of magnesia, 1-1/2 oz., for an equal weight of chalk. In diarrha, heartburn, acidity, &c. See LOZENGES, CHALK, MAGNESIA, L., SODA, &c.

=Lozenges, Aca'cia.= See LOZENGES, GUM.

=Lozenges, Acid'ulated.= _Syn._ ACIDULATED LEMON LOZENGES, TARTARIC ACID L.; TROCHISCI ACIDI TARTARICI (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ From tartaric acid, 2 dr.; oil of lemon, 10 drops; white sugar, 8 oz.; mucilage, q. s. to make a lozenge ma.s.s. The same ingredients mixed with heat form ACIDULATED or ACID DROPS. Both are useful in coughs, hoa.r.s.eness, sore throats, &c. See LOZENGES, CAYENNE, CITRIC ACID, ROSE, &c.

=Lozenges, Al'kaline.= See LOZENGES, SODA, VICHY, &c.

=Lozenges, A'lum.= _Syn._ TROCHISCI ALUMINIS, L. Each lozenge contains 1-1/2 gr. of alum. As an astringent. See LOZENGES, ASTRINGENT.

=Lozenges, An'iseed.= _Syn._ TROCHISCI ANISI, L. _Prep._ From oil of aniseed, 1-1/2 fl. dr.; finest white sugar, 1 lb.; mucilage, q. s.

Carminative and stomachic. In colic, griping, &c.; and as a pectoral.

=Lozenges, Anthelmin'tic.= See LOZENGES, WORM.

=Lozenges, Antimonial.= _Syn._ TROCHISCI ANTIMONIALES, MORSULI STIBII KUNKELII, L.; TABLETTES DE KUNKEL, Fr. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) Levigated sulphuret of antimony and cardamom seeds, of each 1 oz.; almonds (blanched), 2 oz.; cinnamon, 1/2 oz.; sugar, 13 oz.; mucilage of tragacanth, q. s.; to be divided into 15-gr. lozenges. As an alterative.

=Lozenges, Ape"rient.= _Syn._ TROCHISCI APERIENTES, L. Each lozenge contains 1 gr. each of calomel and scammony, and 2 gr. of jalap; or, instead of the last, 1/4 gr. of jalapine. 2 to 3 for a dose.

=Lozenges, Astrin'gent.= _Syn._ TROCHISCI ASTRINGENTES, L. Each lozenge contains 1-1/2 gr. of alum and 2 gr. of catechu. In spitting of blood, relaxed uvula, sore throat, &c. See LOZENGES, ALUM.

=Lozenges, Bark.= _Syn._ TROCHISCI CINCHONae, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) Cinchona, 2 oz.; cinnamon, 2 dr.; white sugar, 14 oz.; mucilage of gum tragacanth, q. s.; mix, and divide into 16-gr. lozenges. Tonic.

=Lozenges, Bath.= _Syn._ DAWSON'S LOZENGES. From extract of liquorice and gum Arabic, of each 1-1/2 oz.; sugar, 17 oz. It is both rolled into lozenges and formed into pipes. Demulcent; in tickling coughs, &c.

=Lozenges, Benzoic Acid.= (Th. Hosp.) _Syn._ TROCHISCI ACIDI BENZOICI.

_Prep._ Benzoic acid in powder, 175 gr.; tragacanth in powder, 70 gr.; refined sugar in powder, 280 gr.; red currant paste, a sufficient quant.i.ty to make 1 lb. Divide into 350 lozenges, and dry at a moderate heat in a hot-air chamber. A valuable stimulant and voice lozenge in nervomuscular weakness of the throat.

=Lozenges, Bicarbonate of Soda.= TROCHISCI SODae BICARBONATIS. Bicarbonate of soda, in powder, 3600 gr. (8-1/4 oz.); refined sugar, 25 oz.; gum acacia, in powder, 1 oz.; mucilage, 2 oz.; distilled water, 1 oz.; mix, and form in 720 lozenges. Each lozenge contains 5 gr. of bicarbonate of soda.--_Dose_, 1 to 6 lozenges.

=Lozenges, Bis'muth.= _Syn._ TROCHISCI BIs.m.u.tHI, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Subnitrate of bis.m.u.th, 346 gr.; carbonate of magnesia, 4 oz.; precipitated chalk, 6 oz.; sugar, 29 oz.; gum acacia, 1 oz.; mucilage, 2 oz.; rose water, a sufficiency; make 720 lozenges. Each lozenge contains 2 gr. of subnitrate of bis.m.u.th.--_Dose_, 1 to 6 lozenges.

2. (Trousseau.) Each lozenge contains 1 gr. of subnitrate of bis.m.u.th.

Tonic and antispasmodic; in chronic dyspepsia, gastrodynia, nausea, cramp of the stomach, &c.

=Lozenges, Black Cur'rant.= TROCHISCI RIBIS NIGRI, L. _Prep._ From insp.i.s.sated juice of black currants and sugar, of each, in powder, 1 lb.; tartaric acid, 1/4 oz.; mucilage, q. s. In hoa.r.s.eness, &c.

=Lozenges, Bo"rax.= _Syn._ TROCHISCI BORACIS, L. Each lozenge contains 3 gr. of borax. One occasionally in aphthous sore mouth, sore throat, &c.

=Lozenges, Bromide of Ammonium.= Each lozenge contains 2 gr. of bromide of ammonium.--_Dose_, 1 to 3 lozenges. In hooping-cough.

=Lozenges, Burnt Sponge.= _Syn._ TROCHISCI SPONGIae, T. S. USTae, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) Burnt sponge, 4 oz.; sugar, 12 oz.; mucilage of tragacanth, q. s.; divide into 12-gr. lozenges. In scrofula, glandular enlargements, &c.

=Lozenges, Caca'o.= _Syn._ TROCHISCI BUTYRI CACAO, L. Each lozenge contains 1-3rd of its weight of pure cacao b.u.t.ter. In habitual constipation; and in phthisis, scrofula, &c., instead of cod-liver oil; taken _ad libitum_. They are usually scented with roses.

=Lozenges, Caffe'ine.= _Syn._ TROCHISCI CAFFEINae, L. Each lozenge contains 1/4 gr. of caffeine and 1/2 gr. of citric acid. In hemicrania, hypochondriasis, &c.