Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume I Part 204

The presence of soluble salts in an emulsion is apt to occasion the separation of the oleaginous portion. Spirit produces the same effect in those which are made with yolk or mucilage; and acids in those made with an alkali. The addition of these substances to emulsions should be therefore avoided as much as possible. Emulsions of wax, spermaceti, oil of turpentine, and balsam of copaiba, are the most readily and completely formed with yolk of egg. Volatile oils are more readily made into emulsions if mixed with an equal volume of some simple fixed oil, before proceeding to operate on them. Scammony is generally formed into an emulsion with milk; and resin of jalap, with almonds and water.

In a paper read before the American Pharmaceutical a.s.sociation by Mr Gregory, the author recommends the use of powdered gum instead of mucilage in the preparation of emulsions. He thinks that three drachms of acacia in fine powder are necessary to emulsify one ounce of any of the volatile oils, and that a little less (about two drachms) will answer for the fixed oils and balsams, and that to this quant.i.ty of gum four drachms and a half of water must be added (no more and no less), and that either the water or the oil may be added first to the gum, but it is quickest to add the oil the first; and well triturate before adding the water. Less gum can be made to yield a good result by a careful operator, but, as a general practical working rule, it may be said that three drachms are necessary for one ounce of oil.

The following formulae, for certain emulsions, are merely given here for examples. Various others will be found under MIXTURE, LOTION, WASH, &c.

=Emulsion of Al'monds.= _Syn._ MILK OF ALMONDS, ALMOND MIXTURE; EMULSIO AMYGDALae, MISTURA A., L. _Prep._ 1. Blanched almonds, 1 oz.; beat them to a smooth paste, add, gradually, water, 1/2 pint; and when the whole is thoroughly incorporated, strain through a piece of gauze.

2. As the last, adding sugar, 1 oz.; or syrup (either simple or flavoured), 1-1/2 fl. oz. See EMULSION OF OIL OF ALMONDS (_below_).

=Emulsion of a.s.saft'ida.= _Syn._ EMULSIO a.s.sAFTIDae, MISTURA A., L.

_Prep._ (Duclow.) a.s.saftida, 1 oz.; powdered gum, 2 oz.; oil of almonds, 3-1/2 fl. oz.; water, 6 fl. oz. Antispasmodic.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls; in hysterical affections, &c.

=Emulsion of Cam'phor.= _Syn._ EMULSIO CAMPHORae, E. CAMPHORATA, MISTURA CAMPHORae (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. Castr. Ruth. 1840.) Camphor, 1/2 dr.; triturate with milk, 1/2 fl. oz., gradually added; then further add of water, 7-1/2 fl. oz.

2. (Ph. E.) Camphor, 20 gr.; lump sugar, 1/2 oz.; triturate together, and add of blanched almonds, 1/2 oz.; again triturate, then gradually add of water, 1 pint. Stimulant, antispasmodic, and diaph.o.r.etic.--_Dose_, 1 fl.

oz. to 2 fl. oz.

=Emulsion of Cas'tor Oil.= _Syn._ EMULSIO OLEI RICINI, MISTURA O. R., L.

_Prep._ 1. Castor oil, 1 oz.; thick mucilage, 1-1/2 oz.; syrup of orange peel, 1 fl. oz.; water, 6 fl. oz.

2. As the last, but using milk instead of water.--_Dose._ One third; as an aperient for females who object to taking the unprepared oil.

=Emulsion of Copai'ba.= _Syn._ EMULSION OF CAPIVI; EMULSIO COPAIBae, MISTURA C., L. _Prep._ 1. Balsam of copaiba and syrup of orange peel, of each 2 oz.; yolks of 5 eggs; milk, 14 fl. oz.

2. (Beral.) Copaiba and mucilage, of each 2 oz.; water, 12 fl.

oz.--_Dose_, 1/2 oz. to 1 oz., 2 or 3 times a day; where the use of copaiba is indicated.

=Emulsion of Cubebs.= _Syn._ EMULSIO CUBEBae. (Dublanc.) _Prep._ Essence of Cubebs, 4 oz.; mucilage, 4 oz. Mix them.

=Emulsion of Gum.= _Syn._ EMULSIO ACACIae, MISTURA ACACIae (Ph. E.), L.

_Prep._ From sweet almonds (blanched), 10 dr.; white sugar, 5 dr.; mucilage, 3 fl. oz.; water, 1 quart. Demulcent. In coughs, &c., _ad libitum_.

=Emulsion of Indian Hemp.= _Syn._ EMULSIO CANNABIS INDICae. (Mr Bromfield.) _Prep._ Rub 1 scruple of extract of Indian hemp in warm water with 1 fl.

dr. of olive oil; then add gradually, still triturating the mixture, 4 dr.

of mucilage of acacia and 7-1/2 oz. of distilled water.

=Emulsion of Oil of Almonds.= _Syn._ EMULSIO OLEI AMYGDALae, L. _Prep._ From oil of almonds, 3 dr.; thick mucilage and simple syrup, of each, 5 dr.; rose water, 1 fl. oz.; distilled water, 3 to 4 fl. oz. An elegant and efficient subst.i.tute for almond milk. See EMULSION OF ALMONDS (_above_).

=Emulsion, Pancreatic.= See PANCREATIN.

=Emulsion of Peru'vian Balsam.= _Syn._ EMULs...o...b..LSAMICA, E. BALSAMI PERUVIANI, L. _Prep._ 1. As emulsion of copaiba.

2. (Hosp. F.) Balsam of Peru, 1/2 oz.; oil of almonds, 6 dr.; powdered gum, 1 oz.; triturate together, and add, gradually, rose water, 4 fl.

oz.--_Dose_, 1 or 2 table-spoonfuls; in old asthmas, chronic coughs, winter coughs, &c.

=Emulsion of Poppies.= _Syn._ EMULSIO PAPAVEUS. _Prep._ Poppy seeds, 2 drachms; water, 8 oz. Make into an emulsion and strain.

=Emulsion of Raw Meat.= (Yvon.) Raw meat 250 grammes; sweet almonds, 75 grammes; bitter almonds, 5 grammes; white sugar, 80 grammes. After blanching the almonds beat them up with the rest of the ingredients in a marble mortar until a rose-coloured uniform paste is obtained. This may be easily made into an emulsion with water, and will not unmix for 24 hours.

It can be made still more nourishing by the addition of the yolks of two eggs, and by the subst.i.tution of milk for water. This emulsion is frequently prescribed by continental physicians.

=Emulsion of Resin of Jalap.= _Syn._ EMULSIO PURGANS c.u.m RESINae JALAPae.

(Par. Pharm.) _Prep._ Resin of jalap, 8 gr.; white sugar, 1 oz.; orange-flower water, 2 dr.; water, 4 oz. Triturate the resin with a little of the sugar, add gradually half the yolk of an egg, triturate for a long time, then add gradually the rest of the sugar and the water.

=Emulsion of Scam'mony.= _Syn._ EMULSIO SCAMMONII, MISTURA S. (Ph. E.), L.

_Prep._ 1. (Ph. E.) Resin of scammony, 7 gr.; new milk, 3 fl. oz. For a dose.

2. (Planche.) Aleppo scammony, 7 gr.; sugar, 2 dr.; new milk, 3 fl. oz.; cherry-laurel water, 5 drops. For a dose. Purgative; in torpor of the intestines, dropsy, worms, &c. The formula of the Paris Codex is similar.

=Emulsion of Spermace'ti.= _Syn._ EMULSIO CETACEI, MISTURA C., L. _Prep._ As emulsion of wax. Demulcent.

=Emulsion of Tur'pentine.= _Syn._ EMULSIO TEREBINTHINae, MISTURA T., L.

_Prep._ 1. Chio turpentine, 2 dr.; white sugar, 1 oz.; yolk of 1 egg; milk of almonds, 4 fl. oz. In gleets.--_Dose_, 2 table-spoonfuls, 3 or 4 times a day.

2. (Clossius.) Venice turpentine, 1-1/2 dr.; yolk of 1 egg; peppermint water, 4-1/2 fl. oz. (See _below_.)

=Emulsion of Oil of Turpentine.= _Syn._ EMULSIO OLEI TEREBINTHINae, MISTURA O. T., L. _Prep._ (Carmichael.) Rectified oil of turpentine, 1 fl. oz.; yolk of 2 eggs; emulsion of almonds, 4 fl. oz.; syrup of orange peel, 2 fl. oz.; spirit of lavender, 4 fl. dr.; oil of cinnamon, 5 or 6 drops.--_Dose_, 1 fl. oz., twice or thrice a day; in nephritic pains, and that variety of ophthalmia termed iriditis. (See _above_.)

=Emulsion of Wax.= _Syn._ EMULSIO CERae, E. CERae ALBae, MISTURA C., LAC C., L. _Prep._ (Guibourt.) White wax, 1 oz.; powdered gum, 1-1/2 dr.; water, 24 fl. oz.; simple syrup, 4 fl. oz.; put the syrup and gum into a warm mortar, add the wax, and triturate with a warm pestle until united; then add the water (warm) gradually, and continue the agitation till the whole is quite cold. Demulcent. _Ad libitum._

=ENAM'EL.= A species of vitreous varnish, coloured with metallic oxides, applied in a thin stratum to brightly polished metallic surfaces (copper or gold), on which it is fused by the flame of a lamp urged by the blowpipe, or by the heat of a small furnace.

The basis of all enamels is a highly transparent and fusible gloss, called 'frit,' 'flux,' or 'paste,' which readily receives a colour on the addition of metallic oxides. It may be made by one or other of the following formulae:

_Prep._ 1. Red lead, 16 parts; calcined borax, 3 parts; powdered flint gla.s.s, 12 parts; powdered flints, 4 parts; fuse in a Hessian crucible for 12 hours, then pour it out into water, and reduce it to a powder in a biscuit-ware mortar.

2. Tin, 3 parts; lead, 10 parts; mix, calcine in an iron pot at a dull cherry-red heat, and sc.r.a.pe off the oxide as it forms, observing to obtain it quite free from undecomposed metal; then reduce it to fine powder by grinding and elutriation. In this state it is known among enamellers as 'flux' or 'calcine.' 4 parts of this 'calcine' are next mixed with an equal weight of pure sand or powdered flints, and 1 part of sea salt, or other alkaline matter; the mixture is then partially fused in a Hessian crucible, by which it undergoes semi-vitrification.

3. (Chaptal.) Lead and tin, equal parts; calcine as above, and take off the mixed oxides or 'calcine' and ground flints, of each, 1 part; pure carbonate of potash, 2 parts; and proceed as before.

4. (Wynn.) Flint gla.s.s, 3 oz.; red lead, 1 oz.; as last.

5. (Wynn.) Red lead, 18 parts; borax (not calcined), 11 parts; flint gla.s.s, 16 parts; as last.

6. (Wynn.) Powdered flints, 10 parts; nitre and white a.r.s.enic, of each, 1 part; as last.

_Obs._ The precise qualities of the products of the above processes depend greatly upon the duration and degree of heat employed. By increasing the quant.i.ty of sand, gla.s.s, or flux, the enamel is rendered more fusible, and the opacity and whiteness is increased by the addition of oxide of tin.

The use of borax should be avoided, or it should be used sparingly, as it is apt to make the enamel effloresce and lose colour.

=Enamel, Black.= _Prep._ 1. Calcined iron (protoxide), 12 parts; oxide of cobalt, 1 part; mix, add an equal weight of white flux, and fuse as before.

2. (Clouet.) Pure clay, 3 parts; protoxide of iron, 1 part. A fine black.

3. Peroxide of manganese, 3 parts; zaffre, 1 part; mix, and add it, as required, to white flux.

=Enamel, Blue.= _Prep._ 1. White 'frit' or 'flux,' coloured with oxide of cobalt.

2. Sand, red lead, and nitre, of each 10 parts; flint gla.s.s or ground flints, 20 parts; oxide of cobalt, 1 part, more or less; depending on the desired depth of colour.