Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume I Part 202

=Elixir Proprieta'tis.= [L.] _Syn._ PARACELSUS'S ELIXIR OF PROPRIETY; ELIXIR DE PROPRIeTe DE PARACELSE, Fr. An old preparation, nearly corresponding to the compound tincture of aloes of modern pharmacy, and which is now sold for it. _Prep._ 1. (Soubeiran.) Tincture of myrrh, 4 oz.; tinctures of aloes and saffron, of each 3 oz. ('Trait. Pharm.' 1847.)

2. (ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS c.u.m ACIDO.)--_a._ The last, slightly acidulated with oil of vitriol, and filtered.

_b._--Ph. Bor. 1847.--Aloes and myrrh, of each 2 oz.; saffron, 1 oz.; spirit (sp. gr. 900), 2 lbs.; dilute sulphuric acid (1 to 5), 2 oz.; macerate 4 days, and filter.

3. (ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS TARTARIZATUM; E. P. ALKALIZATUM.) From elixir proprietatis, alkalised with salt of tartar, and filtered. The last two are old preparations, now seldom inquired for in this country, except in places remote from London.

=Elixir, Radcliffe's.= _Prep._ 1. From socotrine aloes, 6 dr.; rhubarb, 1 dr.; cinnamon (ca.s.sia), cochineal, and zedoary root, of each 1/2 dr.; syrup of buckthorn, 2 fl. oz.; brandy, 1-1/4 pint; digest 10 days and strain.

2. As the last, but subst.i.tuting proof spirit, 1 pint, and water, 1/4 pint, for the brandy. Aromatic, stomachic, and aperient.--_Dose_, 1 to 4 dr.; in similar cases to those in which 'DAFFY'S ELIXIR' is taken.

=Elixir of Ro'ses.= _Syn._ ELIXIR ROSae, L. _Prep._ 1. Eau de rose, 2 fl.

oz.; spirits of horseradish and scurvy gra.s.s, of each 1 fl. oz.; otto of roses, 3 drops; camphor and cochineal (both in powder), 12 gr.; powdered sugar-candy, 1/2 oz.; digest, with frequent agitation, for a week, and after repose decant the clear, and strain through a piece of muslin. Used as an elegant application in scurvy of the gums, and also to perfume the breath.

2. (Beasley.) Cinnamon, 3 oz.; ginger, 2 oz.; cloves, 1 dr.; essence of peppermint, 1 oz.; oil of orange peel, 1 dr.; otto of roses, 15 (? 25) drops; rectified spirit, 2-1/2 pints; digest 15 days and filter. Used as a tooth cosmetic.

=Elixir Sa'crum.= Tincture of aloes and rhubarb.

=Elixir Salu'tis.= _Syn._ ELIXIR OF HEALTH. The compound tincture of senna of old pharmacy. See ELIXIR, DAFFY'S.

=Elixir of Scam'mony.= _Syn._ ELIXIR SCAMMONII, L. _Prep._ (Guibourt.) Scammony (pure), 2 dr.; proof spirit, 8 fl. oz.; mix in a suitable vessel, apply heat, set the spirit on fire, and add of sugar, 4 oz.; when the whole is dissolved (melted down), extinguish the flame, and further add of syrup of violets, 2 fl. oz.; mix well, and after sufficient repose decant the clear portion from the dregs. The product should be 12 oz., containing 12 gr. of scammony per oz.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 dessert-spoonfuls in milk or aromatised water; or made into an emulsion with aromatics; in worms, &c.

=Elixir, Squire's.= _Prep._ 1. (Original Formula.) Aurum musivum, 3 oz.; opium, 2 oz.; camphor, 1 oz.; cochineal, 1/2 oz.; sweet fennel, 1/4 oz.; tincture of serpentary, 1 pint (old meas.); spirit of aniseed, 1 gal. (old meas.); sugar, 1 lb.; dissolved in water, 1 pint (old meas.); digest 10 days and filter.

2. Powdered opium, 2 oz.; ginger, red sanders wood, and camphor, of each 1 oz.; oil of aniseed, 1/2 oz.; oil of sweet fennel, 1/2 dr.; tincture of serpentary, 1 pint; proof spirit, 5 pints; water, 1 quart; as last.

Stimulant, anodyne, diaph.o.r.etic, and pectoral.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls; in chest affections, nervous headaches, &c., in the absence of inflammatory symptoms.

=Elixir, Stomach'ic.= Compound tincture of gentian was formerly so called.

=Elixir, Stoughton's.= _Prep._ 1. Raisins (stoned and bruised), 1 lb.; gentian root, 3/4 lb.; dried orange peel, 6 oz.; serpentary, 1/4 lb.; calamus aromaticus, 1-1/2 oz.; cardamoms, 1/2 oz.; sugar colouring, 1/4 pint; brandy or proof spirit, 2 galls.; digest a week and strain.

2. Tincture of gentian (compound), and brandy or proof spirit, of each 1 quart; tincture of serpentary and syrup of saffron, of each 1 pint; tinctures of aloes and rhubarb, of each 1/4 pint; bitter almonds (bruised), 8 in no.; digest as before.

3. (Foy.) Aloes and cascarilla, of each 1 dr.; rhubarb, 4 dr.; gentian, germander, dried orange peel, and wormwood, of each 6 dr.; rectified spirit, 32 fl. oz.; as before. Stimulant, tonic, and stomachic.--_Dose_, 20 drops to a teaspoonful.

=Elixir, Ton'ic.= _Syn._ ELIXIR ROBORANS. See TINCTURE OF CROWN BARK (Comp.,--Ph. Bor. 1847).

=Elixir Tonique Antiglaireux de Guille.= A stomachic tonic for diarrha.

Calumba root, 90 parts; orris root, 60 parts; gentian root, 8 parts; jalap root, 1500 parts; aloes, 13 parts; saffron, 60 parts; sulphate of quinine, 16 parts; tartar emetic, 2 parts; nitre, 16 parts; yellow sandal, 30 parts; syrup prepared from barley sugar, rectified spirit, and water, of each 11,000 parts. Macerate the drugs in spirit for 24 hours, and dissolve the salts in the water. Filter the liquids, mix and leave for 24 hours, then add the syrup, stand and filter next day. (Reveil and Hager.)

=Elixir, Tooth.= _Syn._ ELIXIR DENTIFRIc.u.m, L. _Prep._ 1.

(Lefandiniere's.) Guaiac.u.m raspings and cloves, of each 1 oz.; pellitory of Spain and nutmeg, of each 2 dr.; oil of rosemary, 20 drops; bergamotte, 10 or 12 drops; brandy, 1 quart; macerate a fortnight, and filter.

2. Cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg, of each, 1 dr.; vanilla, 1/2 dr.; camphor, 10 gr.; tincture of pellitory, 2 fl. oz.; brandy or proof spirit, 1/2 pint; digest as before. See ANTISCROFULOUS and ROSE ELIXIRS (_above_).

=Elixir Valerianatis Ammonici (G.o.ddard).= Valerianic acid, 3 grammes dissolved in 40 grammes distilled water and neutralised with ammonium carbonate. Add this to 35 grammes spirit, 50 grammes syrup, 1 drop bitter almond oil, 2 drops oil of orange peel, 30 grammes diluted bitter almond water, 12 grammes tincture of red sandal, 3 grammes tincture of orange peel, 2 grammes burnt sugar, and filter.

=Elixir, Vis'ceral.= _Syn._ ELIXIR VISCERALE, L. See ELIXIRS, BOERHAAVE'S and HOFFMAN'S (_above_).

=Elixir of Vit'riol.= 1. The old name for aromatic SULPHURIC ACID (which _see_).

2. (Mynsicht's.) See TINCTURE (Acid Aromatic).

3. (Scourer's.) Dilute sulphuric acid 1 to 5). Used to scour metals.

4. (SWEET E. OF V.; E. VITRIOLI DULCI, L.) The old name for aromatic SPIRIT OF ETHER (which _see_).

5. (Virgani's). _Prep._ From spirit of sulphuric ether, 2 lb.; aromatic tincture, 3 lb.

=Elixir, Woroneje.= Capsic.u.m, 1 oz.; nitre, 1/2 oz.; sal-ammoniac, 2 dr.; nitro-hydrochloric acid, 2 fl. dr.; vinegar, 1-1/2 pint; native white or rose naphtha, or petroleum, 1-1/2 fl. dr.; olive oil, 1 fl. oz.; oil of peppermint (Mitcham), 15 fl. oz.; strongest rectified spirit, 6 quarts; digest 12 days, with constant agitation, and filter.--_Dose_, 2 teaspoonfuls every 15 minutes; in cholera, diarrha, &c.

=ELLAG'IC ACID.= HC_{7}H_{2}O_{4}.Aq. When an aqueous infusion of nut-galls is left for some time exposed to the atmosphere, the tannic acid gradually disappears, and is replaced by gallic acid, and an insoluble grey powder, to which the term ellagic acid was applied by Chevreul. It is soluble in alkalies, forming salts, and is precipitated by acids.

=ELM.= _Syn._ ULMUS, L. A genus of tree forming the type of the natural order _Ulmaceae_. The interior bark of the _Ulmus campestris_, or _common small-leaved elm_ (_Ulmi cortex_), is officinal in B. P. This substance is demulcent, diaph.o.r.etic, and diuretic, and slightly febrifuge, astringent, and tonic. It has been employed in agues, and as a subst.i.tute for sarsaparilla in cutaneous eruptions, but is now little used. The leaves of the elm-tree are reported to be vulnerary. See DECOCTION and ULMIN.

=ELUTRIA'TION.= Cleansing by washing. The term is commonly applied to the operation of washing insoluble powders with water, to separate them from foreign matter, or the coa.r.s.er portion. It is usually performed by grinding or triturating the ma.s.s with a little water until reduced to a very fine powder, and this paste is suddenly diffused through a large quant.i.ty of water, contained in a deep vessel, from which, after the subsidence of the grosser portion, the liquid is poured into another vessel, and allowed to deposit the fine powder it still holds in suspension. When this has taken place, the clear supernatant liquor is decanted, and the sediment drained and dried. The coa.r.s.e sediment deposited in the first vessel is now submitted to a fresh grinding and diffusion through water, and the entire operation is repeated until the whole of the pulverisable portion is washed over. The proper length of time for the liquid to remain in the first vessel depends solely on the density of the powder and the degree of fineness required in the product; heavy powders subsiding almost immediately, while light ones often take several minutes to deposit the coa.r.s.er portion. Sometimes three or more vessels are employed, and the muddy liquor, after remaining a short time in the first, is poured into the next one, and this, in a short time longer, into the third, and so on, until the last vessel is filled, by which means powders of different degrees of fineness are obtained, that deposited in the last vessel being in the minutest state of division. The elutriated paste or moist powder is then drained, and dried. On the small scale the trituration is performed with a stone and muller, or in a mortar; on the large scale, in a mill, driven by either horse or steam power. Antimony chalk, bistre, and other pigments, as well as various other substances insoluble in or unacted on by water, are commonly obtained in the state of an impalpable powder by elutriation, or 'washing over,' as it is called by amateurs and operatives.

=ELYDOR'IC PAINTING.= A method of painting invented by M. Vincent, of Montpet.i.t, in which the pigments are mixed up with an emulsion of oil and water. It is said to add the fresh appearance of water colours, and the finish of miniature painting, to the mellowness of oil colours.

=EMBALM'ING.= _Syn._ MUMMIFICATION. The preservation of the dead bodies of animals. See PUTREFACTION.

=EMBOS'SING.= The formation of ornamental figures in relief on cloth, leather, paper, and wood, has now been brought to such perfection as to place this species of decoration within the reach of almost every cla.s.s of society. EMBOSSED CLOTH and PAPER are now employed by the bookbinder to cover even the low-priced volumes that pa.s.s through his hands; whilst the EMBOSSED LEATHER that encloses the alb.u.m or ornaments our furniture frequently bears the richest patterns of the arabesque or moresque. Cloth and paper are usually embossed by machinery; leather and wood more frequently by hand labour.

=EMBROCA'TION.= _Syn._ EMBROCATIO, L. A fluid medicine for external and local use. Embrocations do not differ, materially, from liniments and lotions, and are applied in the same manner. (See those preparations, and _below_.)

=Embrocation, Guestonian.= _Syn._ EMBROCATIO TEREBINTHINae c.u.m ACIDO L.

_Prep._ (Dr Paris.) Oil of turpentine and olive oil, of each 1-1/2 oz.; dilute sulphuric acid, 3 fl. dr.; agitate together until mixed. Used in rheumatism, &c.

=Embrocation, Lynch's.= Olive oil (coloured with alkanet root), 5 fl. oz.; oils of amber, rosemary, and turpentine, of each 1 dr. In bruises, rheumatism, &c.

=Embrocation, Roche's.= _Prep._ 1. (Dr Paris.) Olive oil, mixed with half its weight of the oil of cloves and amber.

2. Olive oil, 2 oz.; oil of amber, 1 oz.; oils of cloves and lemons, of each 1 dr. For hooping-cough.

=Embrocation, Ward's.= See ESSENCE.

=Embrocation of Cantharides.= _Syn._ EMBROCATIO CANTHARIDES. (Dr Struve, in _hooping-cough_.) _Prep._ Tartarized antimony, 1 scruple; water, 2 oz.; tincture of cantharides, 1/2 oz. To be rubbed over the region of the stomach, covering the part afterwards with flannel.

=Embrocation of Delphinia.= _Syn._ EMBROCATIO DELPHINIae. (Dr Turnbull.) _Prep._ Delphinia, 1 scruple to 1 dr.; rectified spirit, 2 oz.

=Embrocation of Quinine.= _Syn._ EMBROCATIO QUINIae. (Dr Gustamacchia.) _Prep._ Sulphate of quinine, 8 to 12 gr.; rectified spirit, 1 oz.

=Embrocation of Veratria.= _Syn._ EMBROCATIO VERATRIae. (Dr Turnbull.) _Prep._ Veratria, 1 scruple to 1 dr.; rectified spirit, 2 oz.

=EMBROID'ERY.= Gold and silver fancy work of this description may be cleaned with a little spirit of wine, either alone or diluted with an equal weight of water. Gin is frequently used for the same purpose. The common practice of using alkaline or acid liquors is very injurious, and frequently destroys the beauty of the articles instead of cleaning them.

=EM'ERALD.= _Syn._ SMARAGDUS; EMERAUDE [Fr.] This beautiful deep-green gem ranks next to the diamond in value. The finest are brought from Peru, but fair varieties are found in Bavaria, Siberia, and India. A fine emerald weighing 4 or 5 gr. is worth as many pounds; one of 10 gr., about 2 per gr.; one of 15 gr., 3 to 4 per gr.; and so on in proportion to the increase in size. One of 24 gr., if of pure water, is worth about 100.

According to the a.n.a.lysis of Vauquelin, the purest specimens consists of 65 parts silica, 14 alumina, 13 glucina, 256 lime, and 350 oxide of chromium, to which last the gem owes its rich green colour. See BERYL, GEMS, PASTES, &c.