Construction Work for Rural and Elementary Schools Part 4

_Material_--Construction paper, 4-1/216-1/2 inches. (See page 40.)

Divide the length into three equal parts, making three rectangles 4-1/25-1/2 inches in size. In the middle rectangle, measure off and cut out a rectangle 2-1/43 inches in size. Fold rectangle No. 3 up and back of rectangle No. 2. Holding the two firmly together, punch two holes, one-fourth inch apart, on each side, and one-fourth inch from the outer edges (see diagram). Draw a piece of raffia or ribbon through these holes and tie in a bow. Fold back rectangle No. 1 for support.

[Ill.u.s.tration: PICTURE FRAME No. I--(For description see page 37.)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: PICTURE FRAME No. II--(For description see pages 37 and 39.)]

10 Portfolio

_Material_--Heavy manila paper, 7-1/212 inches. (See page 41.)

Fold edge No. 1 over and even with edge No. 2. Crease and fold. On each side of A mark and cut off one-half inch. Clip off the corners of the flaps on B. Fold the flaps of B over on A and paste. Find the middle of edges 1 and 2. With a radius of one inch, describe a semicircle and cut it out.

[Ill.u.s.tration: PORTFOLIO--(For description see page 40.)]

11 Barn--House--Furniture

_Material_--Construction paper, 88 inches or 1010 inches.

(See page 42.)

Fold a square into sixteen small squares of equal size; crease. With this as a basis throw the child on his own resources, allowing him to invent a pattern and make a chair, a sofa, or any piece of furniture that he can devise from such a square. A corner may have to be cut out or a slit made, but impress upon the child that, as far as possible, the model must be gotten by folding, with very little or no cutting.

By using a larger square and folding in the same way, a house or a barn may be made. Add a chimney and steps from an extra piece of paper.

[Ill.u.s.tration]

12 Hexagonal Tray

_Material_--Construction paper, 77 inches.

[Ill.u.s.tration: HEXAGONAL TRAY]

Draw one diameter; find the center. With a radius of three and one-half inches describe a circle. (The circ.u.mference of a circle is six times the radius). Place a point of the compa.s.s at one intersection of the circ.u.mference and the diameter, and divide the circle into six equal parts. With a radius of two inches, describe an inner circle parallel to the outer one. Connect opposite points of the outer circle by drawing two more diameters. This will divide the inner circle into six equal parts. Connect by straight lines the adjacent points of the inner circle, as 1-2; score. At the intersections of the outer circle, mark off one-half inch on each side and by straight lines connect both these points with the opposite points of intersection of the inner circle, as 2-3, 2-4. This forms two equal triangles, one of which is to be cut out, as 4-2-5, and the other, as 3-2-5, left. Having cut out the six triangles, bend up on lines scored, bring the sides together, and use triangle 3-2-5 as a lap for pasting.

13 Lamp Shade

_Material_--Construction paper, 710 inches. j.a.panese rice paper, 710 inches.

[Ill.u.s.tration: LAMP SHADE, A]

Select a pretty shade of brown, green or red construction paper.

Measure off two inches and construct a line parallel to the ten-inch length. Bisect this line. Place the compa.s.s at this point of bisection and with a radius of four inches describe a semicircle, 1-2; extend this arc to 3, and draw the line 3-4. With a radius of one inch describe an inner semicircle (5-6) parallel to the outer one. Again, with a radius of one inch describe a third semicircle, parallel to the other two. Set the compa.s.s at half the radius and divide each semicircle into six equal parts. Connect these points of intersection by straight lines (9-10). Make a stencil that will fit in one of these sections. Using the stencil, draw the same figure in each section.

Carefully cut out the stenciled s.p.a.ce. Next lay the construction paper on the j.a.panese rice paper and trace on it the stencil design. Remove the construction paper and, with two blending colors of crayon, color the figure or design traced on the j.a.panese paper. Again, lay the construction paper on the rice paper and glue the two together. Cut out the shade as marked off, bring the two edges together, and glue.

[Ill.u.s.tration: LAMP SHADE, B]

If you wish the lower edge scalloped, cut it as shown in the diagram.

By folding and creasing on the lines of intersection the shade may be made hexagonal in shape. All designs for decoration are supposed to be original.

14 Star

_Material_--Construction paper, two 8-inch squares. Raffia.

Take an eight-inch square. Fold the front edge over to the back edge; crease. On the left edge place a point one and one-half inches from the left-back corner. Carry the right-front corner over to this point; fold and crease. Turn the left triangle under; fold and crease. Next, as the paper stands in your hand with the triangle facing you, fold the right edge over to the left edge; crease. Where the three edges of the paper come together, begin at the highest point and cut across the paper from right to left to within two and one-half inches of the center. Open out the paper and you have the star.

A picture frame made of a five-pointed star is very pretty. Cut two stars of the same size. From the center of one cut a star one inch smaller for a mat. Lay this mat on the solid or foundation star and glue four of the points together. In the fifth point pierce two holes through both pieces, about an inch from the apex of the point. Slip in the picture. Take a piece of raffia or cord and tie a loop with two ends. Bring these ends through the holes from the back to the front and tie them in a bow. By the loop at the back the frame is hung.

[Ill.u.s.tration: PICTURE FRAME FROM FIVE-POINTED STAR]

15 Notebook

_Material_--Construction paper, 6-1/27 inches, for cover.

Manila paper, four pieces 66-1/2 inches, for leaves.

Fold the piece of construction paper down the middle, so as to form the 3-1/26-1/2-inch cover. In the same way crease the manila paper for the leaves. Place the leaves within the cover; with heavy silk or fine twine sew them to the back. Bring the needle through one inch from the upper edge, one inch from the lower edge, and in the middle. The long st.i.tch is on the inside, the two short ones are on the outside, both ends of the thread are brought through the center to the inside and tied over the long st.i.tch to hold it in place. Leave the ends an inch long and fringe them.

[Ill.u.s.tration: NOTEBOOK]

16 Bound Book

_Material_--Heavy construction paper, colored, 56 inches, for cover. Four pieces white paper, 11-1/219-1/2 inches, for leaves. Two pieces tape, 1/42 inches.

_Cover._ Mark off and rule two and seven-eighths inches from each edge of the five-inch length; crease. This will leave in the middle a 1/45-inch s.p.a.ce, in which the back of the leaves will go. Take each sheet of white paper, fold it once lengthwise, and once crosswise; this will make a "folio" four leaves thick, 2-3/45-3/4 inches in size. We have four of these folios to be joined together and bound to the back.

Take folio No. 1 and with needle and silk sew the leaves together, running the thread one inch from the upper edge and one inch from the lower edge and in the center, seeing that the last st.i.tch brings the thread on the outside of the back of the leaves. Do not break the thread. Take folio No. 2, hold it close to folio No. 1, carry the thread across and take it through the middle of the back, one inch from front or back edge, as in folio No. 1.

[Ill.u.s.tration: BOUND BOOK]

On the back edges of these folios there will be two long st.i.tches.

Under these st.i.tches pa.s.s the two pieces of tape. Keep one of these tapes as near the upper and the other as near the lower edge as the st.i.tch will allow. As a folio is added and the leaves sewed together, connect the exposed st.i.tch of the one previously added to the one last added, at the three places where the thread holds the leaves, by a b.u.t.tonhole st.i.tch (in bookbinding known as the "kettle st.i.tch"). When the last folio is added, place the back of the leaves to the back of the cover in the 1/45-inch s.p.a.ce. Stretch the tapes down on the cover and paste (1-3). Take the first and the last leaf and paste them over the tapes, to the inside of the cover. The outside of the cover may have some simple decoration if such is desired.

In Book VII of the _Text Book of Art Education_, published by The Prang Educational Company, is worked out a very interesting problem for the making of a sc.r.a.p-book, and suggestions given for decorating the cover.

The sc.r.a.p or clipping books shown here were made in a similar way. The decoration and cover are left to the taste and ingenuity of the teacher or the child.

17 j.a.panese Book

_Material_--Construction paper, colored, 4-1/412-1/4 inches, for cover. Manila paper, six leaves, 46 inches, double, with fold on outer edge.

[Ill.u.s.tration: j.a.pANESE BOOK]

The paper for the cover is 4-1/412-1/4 inches in size. Place the paper lengthwise in front of you and bring the left edge over to the right edge; crease, fold. Mark off a s.p.a.ce three-fourths of an inch from the edge of the fold, draw a line, A-L. On this line three-quarters of an inch from the upper and the lower edges, place dots, B C, and one-fourth inch from B C place dots D E. Hold the leaves evenly together and press them in between the cover. With a large needle and cord sew through C, under, up, and over A, through C again, under to F, over through C, under and up through E, back to G, under and up through E, down to D, through and over H, back to D, down and up through D, then to B; down under to K, back to B, through and under and around to L, to B, to D, to E, to C. Tie the two ends of the cord, which come together at C, and fringe them out.