Business English Part 14

Tell which of the Words in italic are prepositions and which are adverbs. Remember that a preposition begins a phrase. It must be followed by an object.

1. He is the best man _in_ the office.

2. John was leaving as I came _in_ this evening.

3. He did not have his coat _on_.

4. It was hanging _over_ his arm.

5. He stood _on_ the top step several minutes, wondering whether he should wear the coat.

6. The handle fell _off_ as I took the cup _off_ the shelf.

7. The aeroplane flies _over_ the city.

8. I am going _over_ to the factory.

Write sentences using _above_, _across_, _down_, _up_, _underneath_ both as adverbs and as prepositions.

=Exercise 68--Prepositional Phrases=

_Ill.u.s.trations_

_Adjective_: The opinions _of some people_ must be taken with caution.

_Adverb_: We shall return _within a year_.

_Noun_: _From New York to San Francisco_ is a long trip.

What part of speech is each of the italicized phrases below? Remember that an adjective modifies a noun; an adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.

1. The waves are rolling in, white _with foam_.

2. A million dollars was invested _in the business_.

3. I will abide _on thy right side_ and keep the bridge _with thee_.

4. _In summer_ milk soon turns sour.

5. I have come _for help_.

6. The people _on the bridge_ cheered _for hours_.

7. He threw up his hat _for joy_.

8. _On the table before them_ stood a deer roasted whole.

9. We shall stay here _until spring_.

10. We came _in sight of the king's palace_.

11. We drove _to the factory_ today _with the superintendent_.

12. He works _from sunrise to sunset_.

=Exercise 69=

The phrase introduced by a preposition is the most common. A list of prepositions follows. They should be learned.

about before except toward above behind for under aboard below from underneath across beneath in until after beside into up against between of upon along betwixt on with amid beyond over within amidst but (except) past without among by through to the extent of around concerning throughout from under athwart down till according to at during to except for

Write three sentences containing prepositional _adjective_ phrases.

Prepositional _adverbial_ phrases may express the following ideas:

Time, telling _when_ something happened.

Place, telling _where_ something happened.

Manner, telling _how_ something happened.

Means, telling _how_ something happened.

Cause or purpose, telling _why_ something happened.

Degree, telling _how long_ something lasted; _how far_ it went; _how much_ it cost, etc.

Agent, telling _by whom_ it was done.

Accompaniment, telling _with whom_ it was done.

Write a sentence containing a prepositional phrase telling:

1. when 6. how far 2. where 7. how much 3. why 8. by whom 4. in what way 9. with whom 5. how long 10. by what means

=Exercise 70=

Name all the prepositional phrases in Exercise 179, explaining whether they are adjective or adverbial.

=Exercise 71--The Clause=

A _subordinate clause_, like a phrase, is a group of words used as a part of speech, the chief difference being that a clause must have a subject and a predicate. Clauses are introduced

1. By _relative p.r.o.nouns_: