Business English Part 12

Crane, the late millionaire head of the immense Crane Manufacturing Company, came to Chicago, he started a bra.s.s foundry, which grew into the present giant establishment.

20. We spent last summer in the Bitter Root Valley we camped within view of Willoughby Falls.

21. I want to congratulate you on your appointment I heard of it only yesterday.

22. It surely was not I whom you saw I wonder who it could have been.

23. Not one of us has a salary of three thousand dollars so we do not worry over the income tax.

24. Please send me the booklet you offered in the Business Magazine, I'd also like particulars of your advertised discount sale of typewriters.

25. Sooner or later shingles are sure to warp and curl, thus they pull out the nails and allow the rain to beat in, furthermore, shaded shingles soon rot and allow the water to soak through.

26. This sealing and stamping machine is endorsed by business men in all our large cities nevertheless it is not expensive.

27. If you wish to prove the excellence of our paper, just tear off a corner of this sheet then tear off a corner of your present letterhead with a magnifying gla.s.s examine both torn edges.

28. The superior paper will show long, linen fibers the poorer, on the other hand, will have short, woody fibers.

29. When a German army is on the march, it stops every twenty minutes for a rest. Experiments having shown that a soldier can cover more ground when he is given this period of relaxation.

30. Two thousand convicts will be released according to a plan worked out by the governor; five hundred will be given their freedom at once, and, if the plan is a success one thousand five hundred others will be released. One-half their wages of fifty cents a day to go to their families and one-half to the penitentiary fund. If they leave the state or commit any crime while they are on parole, to serve the balance of their term and an extension of time. They will be put to work on roads and bridges the counties need several thousand such laborers but cannot pay union prices.

=Exercise 62=

Rewrite the following, dividing into sentences:

1

Dear Sir:

There is no safer way to invest money than in a good first mortgage on city real estate by a good mortgage we mean one that is properly drawn and with such security as absolutely insures the holder against loss we have made a specialty of first mortgage loans, and we offer investors the benefit of our wide experience in such matters we investigate properties frequently and keep investors informed on their investment we look after all details and collections without extra charge you will find it to your interest to consult us.

Yours truly,

2

Stick to your legitimate business do not go out into outside operations few men have brains enough for more than one business to dabble in stocks, to put a few thousand dollars into a mine, a few more into a manufactory, and a few more into an invention is enough to ruin any man be content with fair returns do not become greedy do not think that men are happy in proportion as they are rich and therefore do not aim too high be content with moderate wealth make friends a time will come when all the money in the world will not be worth to you as much as one staunch friend.

3

Sacramento City is a great commercial center its wholesale and jobbing business extends hundreds of miles to the north, south, west, and east it is fast becoming a substantial manufacturing center large six and eight story buildings are rapidly taking the place of the old two story structures a new city hall has just been completed which cost $150,000 and a new court house $1,000,000 the city has recently issued bonds amounting to $800,000 for new schools scarcely a week pa.s.ses without recording some new enterprise all the main highways are macadamized so that automobile travel is possible every day of the year and the farmer can haul his produce to market at a minimum cost market conditions are good and any cla.s.s of produce finds ready sale at remunerative prices.--(From an advertis.e.m.e.nt.)

Cla.s.sify the sentences that you have formed in the foregoing exercise:

1. According to meaning.

2. According to form.

=Exercise 63--Parts of Speech=

There are eight different kinds of words called parts of speech, which are used to make sentences. They are as follows:

_Noun_: The _horse_ is brown.

_p.r.o.noun_: _He_ is the best horse of all.

_Verb_: He _galloped_ to town.

_Adjective_: The _brown_ horse is my favorite.

_Adverb_: He runs _swiftly_.

_Preposition_: We shall ride _to_ town.

_Conjunction_: The night is clear _and_ cold.

_Interjection_: _Oh!_ My horse stumbled.

Thus a _noun_ names something. A word that stands for a noun is a _p.r.o.noun_. Sometimes a different part of speech is used like a noun, and for the time being it becomes a noun. The _verb_ is a very important part of speech, since without it there can be no sentence. The verb makes an a.s.sertion, asks a question, or gives a command. _Adjectives_ are words that belong to or describe nouns or p.r.o.nouns. Adverbs go with or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. _Prepositions_ and _conjunctions_ connect. Prepositions join their objects to other words in the sentence; conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses. An _interjection_, such as the exclamation _oh_, is used without having grammatical relation to any other word in the sentence. A preposition always takes an object, the preposition and its object making a _phrase_. Grouping this information, we have:

{_Nouns_ are names of persons and things.

{_p.r.o.nouns_ are subst.i.tutes for nouns.

{_Verbs_ make a.s.sertions, ask questions, or give { commands.

{_Adjectives_ modify nouns and p.r.o.nouns.

PARTS OF SPEECH {_Adverbs_ modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

{ They usually answer the questions _how?_ _when?_ { _where?_ _why?_ _to what degree?_ {_Prepositions_ join object nouns or p.r.o.nouns to { other words in the sentence.

{_Conjunctions_ join words, phrases, and clauses.

{_Interjections_ are independent words used as { exclamations.

A word is not always the same part of speech. We may say, "Did you _starch_ the clothes?" in which case _starch_ is a verb. A grocer may say, "The _starch_ in these packages is always clean." In this sentence _starch_ is a noun. The part of speech depends entirely on the way the word is used.

In the following, name the part of speech of each word in italic. Judge by the way the word is used in the sentence.

1. The desks have _green_ pads.

2. _Green_ is a restful color.

3. In the valley is a _mill_, which grinds _flour_. It is a _flour_ mill.

4. I saw him _stretch_ out his hand.

5. The _stretch_ of _waste_ land amazed him.

6. Europeans say that Americans _waste_ more than they use.

7. One of our great problems is how to lessen _waste_.

8. After the stormy _night_, the _day_ dawned bright and clear.

9. He has been working _night_ and _day_.

10. The old man went _home_ sad and weary.