Biographia Scoticana (Scots Worthies) Part 12

_The Life of Mr. GEORGE GILLESPIE._

Mr. George Gillespie was son to Mr. John Gillespie, sometime minister of the gospel at Kirkaldy. After Mr. George had been some time at the university (where he surpa.s.sed the most part of his fellow-students) he was licensed to preach some time before the year 1638, but could have no entry into any parish because the bishops had then the ascendant in the affairs of the church. This obliged him to remain for some time chaplain[68], in the family of the earl of Ca.s.sils.----And here it was, that he wrote that elaborate piece (though he was scarce twenty-five years of age) int.i.tled, a dispute against the English popish ceremonies, &c. which book was, in the year 1637, discharged, by order of proclamation, to be used, as being of too corrosive a quality to be digested by the bishops weak stomachs.

After this he was ordained minister of Weemes, by Mr. Robert Douglas, _April 26, 1638_, being the first who was admitted by a presbytery in that period, without an acknowledgment of the bishops.----And now Mr.

Gillespie began in a more public way to exert himself in defence of the presbyterian interest, when at the 11th session of that venerable a.s.sembly held at Glasgow 1638, he preached a very learned and judicious sermon from these words, _The king's heart is in the hand of the Lord_, &c. in which sermon, the earl of Argyle thought that he touched the royal prerogative too near, and did very gravely admonish the a.s.sembly concerning the same, which they all took in good part, as appeared from a discourse then made by the moderator for the support of that admonition.

At the general a.s.sembly held at Edinburgh 1641, Mr. Gillespie had a call tabled from the town of Aberdeen, but the lord commissioner and himself here pled his cause so well, that he was for sometime continued at Weemes----Yet he got not staying there long, for the general a.s.sembly in the following year ordered him to be transported to the city of Edinburgh, where it appears he continued until the day of his death, which was about six years after.

Mr. George Gillespie was one of those four ministers who were sent as commissioners from the church of Scotland to the Westminster a.s.sembly in the year 1643, where he displayed himself to be one of great parts and learning, debating with such perspicuity, strength of argument, and calmness of spirit, that few could equal, yea none excel him, in that a.s.sembly.----As for instance, One time when both the parliament and the a.s.sembly were met together, and a long studied discourse being made in favours of Erastianism to which none seemed ready to make an answer, and Mr. Gillespie being urged thereunto by his brethren the Scots commissioners, repeated the subject-matter of the whole discourse, and refuted it, to the admiration of all present,--and that which surprised them most was, that though it was usual for the members to take down notes of what was spoken in the a.s.sembly for the help of their memory, and that Mr. Gillespie seemed to be that way employed during the time of that speech unto which he made answer, yet those who sat next him declared, that having looked into his note-book, they found nothing of that speech written, but here and there, "Lord, defend thine light,----Lord, give a.s.sistance,----Lord, defend thine own cause, &c."

And although the practice of our church gave all our Scots commissioners great advantages (the English divines having so great a difference) that they had the first forming of all these pieces[69] which were afterward compiled and approved of by that a.s.sembly, yet no one was more useful at supporting them therein than Mr. Gillespie the youngest of them.----"None (says one of his colleagues who was there present) in all the a.s.sembly, did reason more, nor more pertinently, than Mr.

Gillespie,--he is an excellent youth, my heart blesses G.o.d in his behalf." Again, when Acts xvii. 28. was brought for the proof of the power of ordination, and keen disputing arose upon it, "The very learned and accurate Gillespie, a singular ornament to our church, than whom not one in the a.s.sembly spoke to better purpose, nor with better acceptance of all the hearers, shewed that the Greek word of purpose, by the Episcopals, translated ordination, was truly choosing, importing the people's suffrage in electing their own office-bearers." And elsewhere says, "We get good help in our a.s.sembly debates of lord Warriston (an occasional commissioner), but of none more than that n.o.ble youth Mr.

Gillespie. I admire his gifts, and bless G.o.d, as for all my colleagues, so for him in particular, as equal in these to the first in the a.s.sembly[70]."

After his return from the Westminster a.s.sembly, he was employed mostly in the public affairs of the church, until the year 1648, when he was chosen moderator to the general a.s.sembly, in which a.s.sembly several famous acts were made in favour of the covenanted work of reformation, particularly that against the unlawful engagement then made against England by the duke of Hamilton, and those of the malignant faction. In this a.s.sembly, he was one of these nominated to prosecute the treaty of uniformity in religion with England, but in a short time after this, the sickness seized him, whereof he died about the 17th of December following.

Says Mr. Rutherford to him in a letter when on his death bed; "Be not heavy, the life of faith is now called for; doing was never reckoned on your accounts (though Christ in and by you hath done more then by twenty, yea, an hundred grey haired and G.o.dly pastors.) Look to that word, Gal. ii. 20. _Nevertheless, I live; yet not I, but Christ liveth in me_, &c."

In his life-time he was always firmly attached to the work of reformation, and continued so to the end of his life.--For about two months before his decease, he sent a paper to the commission of the general a.s.sembly, wherein he gave faithful warning against every sin and backsliding that he then perceived to be on the growing hand both in church and state, and last of all, he emitted the following faithful testimony against a.s.sociation and compliance with the enemies of truth and true G.o.dliness, in these words.

"Seeing now in all appearance, the time of my dissolution draweth near, although I have, in my latter will, declared my mind of public affairs, yet I have thought good to add this further testimony, that I esteem the malignant party in these kingdoms to be the seed of the Serpent, enemies to piety and presbyterial government (pretend what they will to the contrary), a generation who have not set G.o.d before them. With the malignant are to be joined the profane and scandalous, from all which, as from heresy and error, the Lord, I trust, is about to purge his church. I have often comforted myself (and still do) with the hopes of the Lord's purging this polluted land. Surely the Lord hath begun and will carry on that great work of mercy, and will purge out the rebels. I know there will be always a mixture of hypocrites, but that cannot excuse the conniving at gross and scandalous sinners, &c. I recommend to them that fear G.o.d, seriously to consider, that the holy scriptures do plainly hold forth, 1. That the helping of the enemies of G.o.d, joining or mingling with wicked men is a sin highly displeasing. 2. That this sin hath ordinarily insnared G.o.d's people into divers other sins.

3. That it hath been punished of G.o.d with grievous judgments. And, 4.

That utter destruction is to be feared, when a people, after great mercies and judgments, relapse into this sin, Ezra ix. 13, 14.

"Upon these and the like grounds, for my own exoneration, that so necessary a truth want not the testimony of a dying witness of Christ, altho' the unworthiest of many thousands, and that light may be held forth, and warning given, I cannot be silent at this time, but speak by my pen when I cannot by my tongue, yea now also by the pen of another when I cannot by my own, seriously, and in the name of Jesus Christ, exhorting and obtesting all that fear G.o.d, and make conscience of their ways, to be very tender and circ.u.mspect, to watch and pray, that he be not ensnared in that great and dangerous sin of compliance with malignant or profane enemies of the truth, &c. which if men will do, and trust G.o.d in his own way, they shall not only not repent it, but to the greater joy and peace of G.o.d's people, they shall see his work go on and prosper gloriously. In witness of the premises, I have subscribed the same. At Kircaldy December 5th, 1648, before these witnesses, &c."

And in about two days after, he gave up the ghost, death shutting his eyes, that he might then see G.o.d, and be for ever with him.

Thus died Mr. George Gillespie, very little past the prime of life. A pregnant divine, a man of much boldness, and great freedom of expression, He signalized himself on every occasion where he was called forth to exercise any part of his ministerial function. No man's death, at that time, was more lamented than his, and such was the sense the public had of his merit, that the committee of estates, by an act dated December 20th, 1648, did, "as an acknowledgment for his faithfulness in all the public employments entrusted to him by this church, both at home and abroad, his faithful labours and indefatigable diligence in all the exercises of his ministerial calling, for his master's service, and his learned writings published to the world, in which rare and profitable employments, both for church and state, he truly spent himself, and closed his days,--ordain, That the sum of one thousand pounds sterling be given to his widow and children, &c." And though the parliament did, by their act dated June 8th, 1650, unanimously ratify the above act, and recommended to their committee, to make the same effectual; yet, the Usurper presently over-running the country, this good design was frustrated, as his grandson the Rev. Mr. George Gillespie minister at Strathmiglo did afterwards declare[71].

Besides the English popish ceremonies already mentioned, he wrote also Aaron's rod blossoming, &c. and his miscellany questions first printed 1649, all which with the forecited testimony and some other papers, shew that he was a man of most profound parts, learning and abilities.

_The Life of Mr. JOHN M'CLELLAND._

Mr. John M'Clelland having gone through several branches of useful learning, kept a school for some time at Newton in Ireland, where he became instrumental in training up several hopeful young men for the university. Afterwards he was tried and approven of by the honest ministers in the county of Down, and being licensed, he preached in their churches, until (among others) for faithfulness, he was deposed and excommunicated by the bishops.

He was also engaged with the rest of his faithful brethren in their intended voyage to New England in the year 1636, but that enterprise proving abortive (by reason of a storm which forced them to return back to Ireland), he preached for some time through the counties of Down, Tyron and Dunnegal in private meetings, till being pursued by the bishop's official, he was obliged to come over in disguise to Scotland, where about the year 1638, he was admitted minister at Kirkcudbright, in which place he continued until the day of his death.

It would appear that he was married to one of Mr. Livingston's wife's sisters, and the strictest friendship subsisted betwixt these two worthy men, both while in Ireland, and after their return to Scotland. While he was minister at Kirkcudbright, he discovered more than ordinary diligence, not only in testifying against the corruptions of the time, but also for his own singular walk and conversation, being one who was set for the advancement of all the practical parts of religion, and that as well in private duties as in public.----For instance, When Mr. Henry Guthrie then minister at Stirling (but afterwards bishop of Dunkeld), thought to have brought in a complaint to the general a.s.sembly 1639, against private society meetings (which were then become numerous through the land), yet some of the leading members, knowing that Mr.

Guthrie did it partly out of resentment against the laird of Leckie (who was a great practiser and defender of these meetings), thought proper, rather than it should come to the a.s.sembly, to yield that Mr. Guthrie should preach up the duty of religious exercise in families, and that Messrs. M'Clelland, Blair and Livingston should preach against night-meetings (for they were so called then because mostly kept in the night) and other abuses, but these brethren endeavoured by conference to gain such as had offended by excess in this matter, but by no means could be prevailed with to preach against them, which so offended Mr.

Guthrie, that he gave in a charge or complaint to the general a.s.sembly 1640, wherein he alledged these three ministers were the only encouragers of these meetings, Mr. M'Clelland roundly took him up, and craved that a committee might be appointed to try these disorders, and to censure the offenders, whether those complained of or the complainers, which so nettled Mr. Guthrie, the earl of Seaforth and others of their fraternity, that nothing was heard in the a.s.sembly for sometime for confusion and noise stirred up by them.

Mr. M'Clelland was also one who was endued with the Spirit of discerning what should afterwards come to pa.s.s, as is evident from some of his prophetical expressions, particularly that letter which he wrote to John Lord of Kirkcudbright dated February 20th, 1649, a little before his death, an abstract of which may not be improper, and is as follows,

"_My n.o.ble Lord_,

"I have received yours, and do acknowledge my obligation to your lordship is redoubled. I long much to hear what decision followed on that debate concerning patronages[72]. Upon the most exact trial they will be found a great plague to the kirk, an obstruction to the propagation of religion. I have reason to hope that such a wise and well-const.i.tute parliament will be lothe to lay such a yoke upon the churches, of so little advantage to any man, and so prejudicial to the work of G.o.d as hath been many times represented. Certainly the removing it were the stopping the way of simony, except we will apprehend that whole presbyteries will be bribed for patronage. I can say no more but what Christ said to the Pharisees. It was not so from the beginning, the primitive church knew nothing of it.

"But as for their pernicious disposition to a rupture among sectaries, I can say nothing to them, only this, I conclude their judgment sleeps not: _Shall they escape, shall they break the covenant, and be delivered?_ &c. Ezek. xvii. 16, &c. which I dare apply to England, I hope, without wresting of scripture, _And therefore thus saith the Lord G.o.d, as I live, surely mine oath that he hath despised, and my covenant that he hath broken, even it will I recompense on his own head_, &c.

This covenant was made with Nebuchadnezzar, the matter was civil, but the tie was religious, wherefore the Lord owns it as his covenant, because G.o.d's name was invoked and interponed in it, and he calls England to witness. England's covenant was not made with Scotland only, but with the high and mighty G.o.d, princ.i.p.ally for the reformation of his house, and it was received in the most solemn manner that I have heard, so that they may call it G.o.d's covenant both formally and materially; and the Lord did second the making of it with more than ordinary success to that nation. Now it is manifestly despised and broken in the sight of all nations, therefore it remains that the Lord avenge the quarrel of his covenant[73].----England hath had to do with the Scots, French, Danes, Picts, Normans and Romans, but they never had such a party to deal with as the Lord of armies, pleading for the violation of his covenant, &c. Englishmen shall be made spectacles to all nations for a broken covenant, when the living G.o.d swears, _As I live, even the covenant that he hath despised, and the oath that he hath broken will I recompense upon his own head._ There is no place left for doubting.

_Hath the Lord said it_, hath the Lord sworn it? _and will he not do it?_ His a.s.sertion is a ground for faith, his oath a ground of full a.s.surance of faith, if all England were as one man united in judgment and affection, and if it had a wall round about it reaching to the sun, and if it had as many armies as it has men, and every soldier had the strength of Goliah, and if their navies could cover the ocean, and if there were none to peep out or move the tongue against them, yet I dare not doubt of their destruction, when the Lord hath sworn by his life, that he will avenge the breach of covenant. When, and by whom, and in what manner, he will do it, I do profess ignorance, and leave it to his glorious majesty, his own lat.i.tude, and will commit it him, &c.

"My lord, I live and will die, and if I be called home before that time, I am in the a.s.sured hopes of the ruin of all G.o.d's enemies in the land, so I commit your lordship and your lady to the grace of G.o.d.

JOHN M'CLELLAND."

A very little after he wrote this letter, in one of his sermons he exprest himself much to the same purpose, thus, "The judgments of England shall be so great, that a man shall ride fifty miles through the best plenished parts of England, before they hear a c.o.c.k crow, a dog bark, or see a man's face." Also he further a.s.serted, "That if he had the best land of all England, he would make sale of it for two shillings the acre, and think he had come to a good market[74]." And although this may not have had its full accomplishment as yet, yet there is ground to believe that it will be fulfilled, for the Lord will not alter the word that is gone out of his mouth.

Mr. M'Clelland continued near twelve years at Kirkcudbright. About the year 1650, he was called home to his Father's house, to the full fruition of that which he had before seen in vision.

He was a man most strict and zealous in his life, and knew not what it was to be afraid of any man in the cause of G.o.d, being one who was most nearly acquainted with him, and knew much of his Master's will. Surely the Lord doth nothing but what he revealeth to his servants the prophets.

A little before his death he made the following epitaph on himself.

Come, stingless death, have o'er, lo! here's my pa.s.s, In blood character'd, by his hand who was And is and shall be. Jordan cut thy stream, Make channels dry. I bear my Father's name Stampt on my brow. I'm ravish'd with my crown.

I shine so bright, down with all glory, down, That world can give. I see the peerless port, The golden street, the blessed soul's resort, The tree of life, floods gushing from the throne Call me to joys. Begone, short woes, begone, I lived to die, but now I die to live, I do enjoy more than I did believe.

The promise me unto possession sends, Faith in fruition, hope, in having, ends.

_The Life of Mr. DAVID CALDERWOOD._

Mr. David Calderwood, having spent some time at the grammar-school, went to the university to study theology, in order for the ministry, where after a short s.p.a.ce, being found fit for that office, he was made minister at Crelling near Jedburgh, where, for some considerable time, he preached the word of G.o.d with great wisdom, zeal and diligence, and as a faithful wise harvest man, brought in many sheaves into G.o.d's granary. But it being then a time, when prelacy was upon the advance in the church, and faithful ministers every where thrust out and suppressed, he, among the rest, gave in his declinature in the year 1608, and thereupon took instruments in the hands of James Johnston notary public, in presence of some of the magistrates and council of the town, whereupon, information being sent to the king by the bishops, a direction was sent down from him to the council, to punish him (and another minister who declined) exemplarily, but by the earnest dealing of the earl of Lothian with the chancellor in favours of Mr. Calderwood, their punishment resolved only in a confinement within their own parish, &c.

Here he continued until June 1617, that he was summoned to appear before the high commission court at St. Andrews, upon the 8th of July following. Being called upon (the king being present) and his libel read and answered, the king among other things said, "What moved you to protest?"----"An article concluded among the lords of the articles," Mr.

David answered. "But what fault was there in it," said the king.----"It cutteth off our general a.s.semblies," answered Mr. Calderwood. The king, having the protestation[75] in his hand, challenged him for some words of the last clause thereof.----He answered, "Whatsoever was the phrase of speech, they meant no other thing but to protest, that they would give pa.s.sive obedience to his majesty, but could not give active obedience unto any unlawful thing which should flow from that article."

"Active and pa.s.sive obedience!" said the king.--"That is, we will rather suffer than practise," said Mr. David. "I will tell thee, said the king, what is obedience man,----What the centurion said to his servant, _To this man, Go, and he goeth, and to that man, Come, and he cometh_, that is obedience."----He answered, "To suffer, Sir, is also obedience, howbeit not of the same kind, and that obedience was not absolute but limited with exception, of a countermand from a superior power." "I am informed, said the king, ye are a refractor, the bishop of Glasgow your ordinary, and bishop of Caithness the moderator and your presbytery, testify ye have kept no order, ye have repaired to neither presbytery nor synod, and are no way conform." He answered, "I have been confined these eight or nine years, so my conformity or non-conformity in that point could not well be known." "Gude faith, thou art a very knave,"

said the king, "see these same false puritans, they are ever playing with equivocations."--The king asked, If he was relaxed if he would obey or not?--He answered, "I am wronged, in that I am forced to answer such questions, which are besides the libel, &c." after which he was removed.

When called in again, it was intimated to him, that if he did not repair to synods and presbyteries between this and October, conform in the time, and promise obedience in all time coming, the bishop of Glasgow was to deprive him. Then Mr. David begged leave to speak to the bishops, which being granted, he reasoned thus, "Neither can ye suspend or deprive me, in this court of high commission, for ye have no power in this court, but by commission from his majesty; his majesty cannot communicate that power to you, which he claims not to himself." At which the king wagged his head, and said to him, "Are there not bishops and fathers in the church, &c. persons clothed with power and authority to suspend and depose."--"Not in this court," answered Mr. Calderwood. At which word there arose a confused noise, so that he was obliged to extend his voice, that he might be heard. In the end the king asked him, If he would obey the sentence?--To which he answered, Your sentence is not the sentence of the kirk, but a sentence null in itself, and therefore I cannot obey it. At which some reviling called him proud knave. Others were not ashamed to shake his shoulders in a most insolent manner, till at last he was removed a second time.

Being again called in, the sentence of deprivation was p.r.o.nounced, and he ordained to be committed to close ward in the tolbooth of St.

Andrews, till afterward that farther orders were taken for his banishment, after which he was upbraided by the bishop, who said, That he deserved to be used as Ogilvy the Jesuit who was hanged. When he would have answered, the bishops would not allow him, and the king, in a rage, cried, Away with him:--And lord Sc.o.o.ne taking him by the arm, led him out, where they staid some time waiting for the bailiffs of the town. In the mean time Mr Calderwood said to Sc.o.o.ne, "My lord, this is not the first like turn that hath fallen into your hands."----"I must serve the king," said Sc.o.o.ne. And to some ministers then standing by he said, "Brethren, ye have Christ's cause in hand at this meeting, be not terrified with this spectacle, prove faithful servants to your master."

Sc.o.o.ne took him to his house till the keys of the tolbooth were had. By the way one demanded, "Whither with the man, my lord?"----"First to the tolbooth, and then to the gallows," said Sc.o.o.ne.

He was committed close prisoner, and the same afternoon a charge was given to transport him to the jail of Edinburgh. After the charge, he was delivered to two of the guard to be transported thither, although severals offered to bail him, that he might not go out of the country.

But no order of council could be had for that end, for the king had a design to keep him in close ward till a ship was ready to convey him first to London and then to Virginia, but providence had ordered otherwise, for upon several pet.i.tions in his behalf he was liberate out of prison, upon lord Cranston's being bail that he should depart out of the country.

After this Mr. Calderwood went with lord Cranston to the king at Carlisle, where the said lord presented a pet.i.tion to him, that Mr.