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Khrushchev boasted about: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. V, Soviet Union, Doc. 84, Memcon, Vienna, June 3, 1961, Luncheon.
At the end of the lunch: aContest of Wills,a Time, 06/16/1961.
The two menas after-meal: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. V, Soviet Union, Doc. 84, Memcon, Vienna, June 3, 1961, Luncheon.
aDonat spread that storya: Paul F. Boller, Presidential Anecdotes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, 302a"303; OaDonnell and Powers, with McCarthy, aJohnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,a 294.
Khrushchev raised his gla.s.s: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. V, Soviet Union, Doc. 84; Taubman, Khrushchev, 494; Beschloss, The Crisis Years, 189a"191; Reeves, Kennedy: Profile of Power, 42a"43, 669n; Hersh, Dark Side of Camelot, 234a"237.
After lunch, Kennedy invited: Dallek, An Unfinished Life, 406; FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. V, Soviet Union, Doc. 85, Memcon, Vienna, June 3, 1961, 3 p.m.
Kennedyas friends OaDonnell: Beschloss, The Crisis Years, 198a"199; OaDonnell and Powers, with McCarthy, aJohnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,a 296.
When the two men: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. V, Soviet Union, Doc. 85.
After a Soviet limo: JFKL, Llewellyn E. Thompson OH; Beschloss, The Crisis Years, 205; Dallek, An Unfinished Life, 408.
Kennedy had reinforced: Oleg Troyanovsky, Cherez G.o.di i ra.s.stoiania: Istoriia odnoi semyi. Moscow: Vagrius, 1997, 234.
In the years that followed: Herbert Hoover Presidential Library (HHL). H. Hoover Papers, Oral History Transcripts, Washington Tapes, 1965a"1971: William L. Stearman OH.
Mercifully, the U.S. emba.s.sy: OaDonnell and Powers, with McCarthy, aJohnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,a 293a"294.
Dave Powers told the president: OaDonnell and Powers, with McCarthy, aJohnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,a 296.
aWhat did you expecta: Dallek, An Unfinished Life, 406.
Kennedy told his friends: Beschloss, Crisis Years, 199, 205; Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, 497; OaDonnell and Powers, with McCarthy, aJohnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,a 296.
On the one hand, Khrushchev: Fursenko and Naftali, Khrushchevas Cold War, 34.
It was Austriaas coming-out: Die Presse, 06/01/1961; Das Kleine Volksblatt, 06/04/1961.
Aside from the fact: Sommer and Lindinger, Augen der Welt auf Wien: Gipfel 1961, 73; aFirst Lady Wins Khrushchev Too,a New York Times, 06/04/1961.
aMr. Khrushcheva: Reeves, Kennedy: Profile of Power, 166.
Kennedyas performance: Washington Post, 06/04/1961; Reeves, Kennedy: Profile of Power, 166.
11. VIENNA: THE THREAT OF WAR.
aThe U.S. is unwillinga: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. V, Soviet Union, Doc. 87, Memcon, p. 219.
aI never met a mana: Hersh, Dark Side of Camelot, 253.
aI greet youa: Sidey, JFK, 196.
After some nine minutes: Beschloss, Crisis Years, 209a"211.
In the conference room: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. V, Soviet Union, Doc. 87, Memcon, Vienna, June 4, 1961, 10:15 a.m.
However, the Soviets would doctor: OaDonnell and Powers, with McCarthy, aJohnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,a 294.
Khrushchev said that even: Norman Davies, No Simple Victory: World War II in Europe, 1939a"1945. New York: Viking, 2007, 24.
With an actoras sense: U.S. Department of State, Doc.u.ments on Germany, 1944a"1985. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, 729a"732; also in Department of State Bulletin, August 7, 1961, 231a"233.
Reuters correspondent Adam Kellett-Long: Interview with Adam Kellett-Long, London, October 15a"16, 2008.
From the upstairs window: New York Times, 06/05/1961.
The two men conversed: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. V, Soviet Union, Doc. 88, Memcon, Vienna, June 4, 1961; Beschloss, Crisis Years, 220.
The gift Kennedy: Sidey, JFK, 200.
With their two days of talks: OaDonnell and Powers, with McCarthy, aJohnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,a 297; Dallek, An Unfinished Life, 412.
When the presidentas staff: Beschloss, The Crisis Years, 220; OaDonnell and Powers, with McCarthy, aJohnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,a 297; Sidey, JFK, 200.
Kennedy opened their last: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. V, Soviet Union, Doc. 88, Memcon, Vienna, June 4, 1961, 3:15 p.m.
The Berlin newspapers: Tagesspiegel, 06/04/1961.
Fewer refugees registered: New York Times, 06/04/1961; Kurier; Osterreichische Neue Tageszeitung; Neues Deutschland.
Khrushchev knew he had wonaThe Soviet leader: Nikita S. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers: The Last Testament, 499.
After seeing off Kennedy: Nikita S. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers: The Last Testament, 500a"501.
As he drove away: Beschloss, Crisis Years, 224.
Kennedy carried with him: DNSA, Soviet Translation of the Aide-Mmoire on Germany and Berlin, For Official Use Only, Cable, June 5, 1961, Berlin Crisis: BC02081.
No. Kennedy decided to leave: OaDonnell and Powers, with McCarthy, aJohnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,a 297; Pierre Salinger, With Kennedy. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1966, 182.
aHow was it?a: John F. Stacks, Scotty: James B. Reston and the Rise and Fall of American Journalism. Boston: Little, Brown, 2003, 4, 198, 200.
Reston rightly concluded: New York Times, 06/04/1961, 06/05/1961, 06/06/1961; Stacks, Scotty, 199.
Kennedy told Reston: James Reston, JFK interview, New York Times, 06/05/1961; aVienna Talks End,a New York Times, 06/05/1961; Salinger, With Kennedy, 181a"182; David Halberstam, The Best and Brightest. New York: Modern Library, 2001, 85a"86; OaDonnell and Powers, with McCarthy, aJohnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,a 298; Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, 495.
On the flight to London: Heymann, C. David. A Woman Named Jackie: An Intimate Biography of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Ona.s.sis. New York: Carol, 1994, 306.
aAll wars starta: OaDonnell and Powers, with McCarthy, aJohnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,a 299.
Those who had worked: a.s.sociation for Diplomatic Studies and Training, Interview with Kempton B. Jenkins, Foreign Affairs OH. Interview conducted February 23, 1995 (copyright 1998 ADST), Box: 1 Fold: 34 Jenkins, Kempton B. (1951a"1980): http://www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/cl999.htm.
Speaking with OaDonnell: OaDonnell and Powers, with McCarthy, aJohnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,a 299a"300.
British Prime Minister Macmillan: Macmillan, Harold. Pointing the Way, 1959a"1961, 355a"359, 400; OaBrien, JFK, 550.
While they talked, U.S. officials: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961a"1962, Doc. 34, Record of Conversation, London, June 5, 1961.
The British prime minister called off: Beschloss, The Crisis Years, 226; OaBrien, JFK, 551, 888; Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, 374a"377; Alistair Horne. Harold Macmillan: 1957a"1986. vol. 2, 303a"305.
aFor the first time in his lifea: Macmillan. Pointing the Way, 1959a"1961, 357.
Macmillan told Kennedy: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961a"1962, Doc. 34.
Kennedy and Macmillan agreed to step up: DNSA, Note of Points Made during the Private Conversation between Kennedy and Prime Minister Macmillan, June 8, 1961.
While flying back to the U.S.: a1961 Man of the Yeara"John F. Kennedy,a Time, 01/05/1962.
Kennedy told his secretary: Evelyn Lincoln, My Twelve Years with John F. Kennedy. New York: D. McKay, 1965, 274.
Bobby sat with his brother: Hersh, The Dark Side of Camelot, 383.
Journalist Stewart Alsop: New York Herald Tribune, 04/06/1961.
aI had the sensea: JFKL, Joseph W. Alsop OH, no. 1, June 18, 1964.
East German leader: Cate. The Ides of August, 24.
After badgering Khrushchev: SED Archives, IfGA, ZPA, J IV, 2/202/129, Letter from Ulbricht to Khrushchev, June 1961, in Harrison, aUlbricht and the Concrete aRose,aa CWIHP Working Paper No. 5, 96a"97, Appendix E.
Upon Khrushchevas return: Fursenko and Naftali, Khrushchevas Cold War, 365a"366.
aWhat liberals youave becomea: Fursenko and Naftali, Khrushchevas Cold War, 365a"366.
While Kennedy headed home: Washington Post, 06/07/1961.
But on this occasion, Khrushchev: Washington Post, 06/07/1961.
12. ANGRY SUMMER.
aThe construction workersa: Neues Deutschland, June 16, 1961.
aSomehow he does succeeda: Acheson Letter to Truman, June 24, 1961 (courtesy David Acheson); Harry S. Truman Presidential Library (HSTL), Dean G. Acheson Papers, Achesona"Truman Correspondence File (1947a"1971), 1961, Box 161.
aThe issue over Berlina: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961a"1962, Doc. 49, Report by Dean Acheson, Washington, June 28, 1961.
The problem was that Ulbricht: Gelb, The Berlin Wall, 97.
By the time Ulbricht marched in: Gelb, The Berlin Wall, 98.
Timed to coincide with Khrushchevas: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLhYIqiJlEA; Neues Deutschland, June 16, 1961; DNSA, Summary of Walter Ulbrichtas Press Conference in East Berlin of June 15, Limited Official Use, Airgram, June 16, 1961, Berlin Crisis, BC02090.
It was Ulbrichtas first public mention: Harrison, Driving the Soviets up the Wall, 180.
At six oaclock that evening: Curtis Cate, The Ides of August: The Berlin Wall Crisis, 1961. New York: M. Evans, 1978, 64a"65.
The term increasingly used: aNewsfronts: In Berlin aTorschlusspanik,aa Life, July 28, 1961, 25.
The Acheson relationship to Kennedy: Brinkley, Dean Acheson, 108a"109.
Acheson regarded his job: FRUS, 1969a"1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1969a"1962, Doc. 42, Record of Meeting of the Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Berlin Contingency Planning, Washington, June 16, 1961; Robert Slusser, The Berlin Crisis of 1961: Sovieta"American Relations and the Struggle for Power in the Kremlin, Junea"November 1961. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973, 29; Catudal, Kennedy and the Berlin Wall Crisis, 138, 141.
Achesonas hard line: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961a"1962, Doc. 42.
Though the men in the room: aNewsfronts: JFKas Triple Play Against Khrushchev,a Life, July 28, 1961, 32a"33; John C. Ausland and Colonel Hugh F. Richardson, aCrisis Management: Berlin, Cyprus, Laos,a Foreign Affairs, 44, no. 2 (January 1966), 291a"303.
Acheson gave the group: Catudal, Kennedy and the Berlin Wall Crisis, 141.
Before television cameras: Pravda, June 18, 1961, in The Current Digest of the Soviet Press, 13, no. 23 (1961), 15.
Khrushchev framed the Western refusal: Slusser, Berlin Crisis of 1961, 11a"13, 18.
One after another, the Soviet Unionas: The Current Digest of the Soviet Press, 13, no. 25 (1961), 4a"6 (6); Slusser, Berlin Crisis of 1961, 14a"17.
Even as Dean Acheson: Acheson Letter to Truman, June 24, 1961 (courtesy David Acheson); see also HSTL, Dean G. Acheson Papers, 1961, Box 161; Brinkley, Dean Acheson, 137a"138; JFKL, Dean G. Acheson OH.
Time magazine: aThe People: The Summer of Discontent,a Time, 07/07/1961; Newsweek, 07/03/1961.
Kennedy complained to Salinger: JFKL, News Conference No. 13, Washington, D.C., June 28, 1961, 10:00 a.m., EDST; quoted in Reeves, Kennedy: Profile of Power, 188a"189.
The first three paragraphs of Achesonas: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961a"1962, Doc. 49, Report by Dean Acheson, Washington, June 28, 1961.
He said that the areal themesa: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. XIV, 1961a"1962, Doc. 52, Memo for the Record, Washington, undated, Discussion at NSC Meeting June 29, 1961.
The veteran opposed: FRUS, 1961a"1963, vol. XIV, 1961a"1962, Doc. 52.
After the meeting, Schlesinger: John Patrick Diggins, The Liberal Persuasion: Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., and the Challenge of the American Past. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997, 29a"31; Arthur M. Schlesinger, The Crisis of Confidence: Ideas, Power, and Violence in America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969, 54, 60; Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, 384; JFKL, Abram Chayes OH, no. 4, July 9, 1964, 244a"245, 248.
His amba.s.sador to East Germany: Sergei N. Khrushchev, Creation of a Superpower, 453.
In a July 4 letter, Pervukhin: Harrison, Driving the Soviets up the Wall, 185; AVP-RF, Letter from Amba.s.sador Pervukhin to Foreign Minister Gromyko sent to the Central Committee on 4 July 1961. Top secret file, Russian Foreign Ministry Archive, Fond: referentyra po GDR, Op. 6, Por 34, Pap. 46, Inv. 193/3, vol. 1, in Harrison,a Ulbricht and the Concrete aRose,aa CWIHP Working Paper No. 5, 55, 98a"105, Appendix F.
Ulbricht had long since overcome: Yuli A. Kvitsinsky (Julij A. Kwizinskij), Vor dem Sturm: Erinnerungen eines Diplomaten, Berlin: Siedler, 1993, 175, 179.
Since Vienna, Khrushchevas son: Sergei N. Khrushchev, Nikita Khrushchev and the Creation of a Superpower, 453; Harrison, Driving the Soviets up the Wall, 186, 216.
Though Ulbricht still demanded: Nikita S. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers: The Last Testament, 505a"508 (506).
Khrushchev complained that: Sergei N. Khrushchev, Nikita Khrushchev and the Creation of a Superpower, 454.
She was Walter Ulbrichtas: Karl-Eduard von Schnitzler, aDie schnste Frau der Welta"eine Deutsche!a Junge Welt, 07/20/1961; aMarlene Schmidt, Die Anti-Miss von 1961,a Der Spiegel, 4/30/2001.
At age twenty-four: aMarlene Schmidt, Die Anti-Miss von 1961,a Der Spiegel, 4/30/2001.
