Benjamin Franklin Part 23

Crane, R. S. "Anglican Apologetics and the Idea of Progress, 1699-1745,"

_Modern Philology_, x.x.xI, 273-306 (Feb., 1934), 349-82 (May, 1934).

(Demonstrates in masterly fashion how the idea of progress grew out of orthodox defenses of revealed religion, current in Franklin's formative years. Modifies the conventional view that the Church was hostile to the idea of progress and that it derived exclusively from the scientific spirit.)

Davidson, P. G., Jr. "Whig Propagandists of the American Revolution,"

_American Historical Review_, x.x.xIX, 442-53 (April, 1934). (Also see _Revolutionary Propaganda in New England, New York, and Pennsylvania, 1763-1776_. Unpublished dissertation, University of Chicago, 1929.)

"Deism," in _The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge_, III, 391-7 (by Ernst Troeltsch).

De la Fontainerie, F., tr. and ed. _French Liberalism and Education in the Eighteenth Century: The Writings of La Chalotais, Turgot, Diderot, and Condorcet on National Education._ New York: 1932. (Convenient source book.)

Dewey, D. R. _Financial History of the United States._ New York: 1924 (9th ed.). (Bristles with bibliographical aids for study of eighteenth century.)

Draper, J. W. _Eighteenth Century English Aesthetics: A Bibliography._ Heidelberg: 1931. (Source materials, pp. 61-128, for aesthetics of literature and drama: includes in appendix, pp. 129-40, ablest secondary works to 1931. An invaluable guide. See additions by R. S.

Crane, _Modern Philology_, XXIX, 251 ff. [1931], W. D. Templeman, _ibid._, x.x.x, 309-16, R. D. Havens, _Modern Language Notes_, XLVII, 118-20 [1932].)

Drennon, Herbert. "Newtonianism: Its Method, Theology, and Metaphysics,"

_Englische Studien_, LXVIII, 397-409 (1933-1934). (Other parts of Mr.

Drennon's brilliant doctoral dissertation, _James Thomson and Newtonianism_ [University of Chicago, 1928], have been published in _Publications of the Modern Language a.s.sociation_, XLIX, 71-80, March, 1934; in _Studies in Philology_, x.x.xI, 453-71, July, 1934; and in _Philological Quarterly_, XIV, 70-82, Jan., 1935.)

Ducros, Louis. _French Society in the Eighteenth Century._ Tr. from the French by W. de Geijer; with a Foreword by J. A. Higgs-Walker. London: 1927.

Duncan, C. S. _The New Science and English Literature in the Cla.s.sical Period._ Menasha, Wis.: 1913. (Scholarly.)

Dunning, W. A. _A History of Political Theories from Luther to Montesquieu._ New York: 1905, and _A History of Political Theories from Rousseau to Spencer_. New York: 1920. (Standard works.)

Elton, Oliver. _The Augustan Age._ New York: 1899, and _A Survey of English Literature, 1730-1780_. 2 vols. London: 1928. (Acute on literary trends, though hardly adequate on ideas.)

Evans, Charles. _American Bibliography._ Chicago: 1903-1934. (Volumes I-XII, 1639-1799.)

Fa, Bernard. _Revolution and Freemasonry, 1680-1800._ Boston: 1935.

(Stimulating conjectures vitiated by extravagant and undoc.u.mented conclusions.)

Fa, Bernard. _The Revolutionary Spirit in France and America._ Tr. by R. Guthrie. New York: 1927. (Especially valuable for notes on the vogue of Franklin in France. Highly important comprehensive survey of French influence in America, and the impetus our revolution gave to French liberalism.)

Fisher, S. G. _The Quaker Colonies. A Chronicle of the Proprietors of the Delaware._ New Haven: 1921. (Useful bibliography, pp. 231-4.)

Fiske, John. _The Beginnings of New England, or the Puritan Theocracy in Its Relations to Civil and Religious Liberty._ Boston: 1896 [1889].

(See also Perry Miller's _Orthodoxy in Ma.s.sachusetts, 1630-1650_. _A Genetic Study._ Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: 1933.)

Gettell, R. G. _History of American Political Thought._ New York: 1928.

(The standard comprehensive treatment of its subject. Has good bibliographies.)

Gide, Charles, and Rist, Charles. _A History of Economic Doctrines from the Time of the Physiocrats to the Present Day._ Authorized translation from the second revised and augmented edition of 1913 under the direction of the late Professor Wm. Smart, by R. Richards.

Boston: 1915. (Excellent survey of physiocracy.)

Gierke, Otto. _Natural Law and the Theory of Society, 1500 to 1800._ With a Lecture on The Ideas of Natural Law and Humanity, by Ernst Troeltsch. Tr. with an introduction by E. Barker. 2 vols. Cambridge, England: 1934. (A standard work, with excellent notes, especially valuable on European backgrounds.)

Gohdes, Clarence. "Ethan Allen and his _Magnum Opus_," _Open Court_, XLIII, 128-51 (March, 1929). (Suggests the eighteenth-century battle between revelation and reason, the latter as b.u.t.tressed by Lockian sensationalism and Newtonian science.)

Greene, E. B. _The Provincial Governor in the English Colonies of North America._ Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: 1898. (Inveterate divergence between provincial governor and provincial a.s.semblies foreshadowed the American Revolution.)

Halevy, E. _The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism._ Tr. by M. Morris, with a preface by A. D. Lindsay. London: 1928. (A comprehensive, authoritative work.)

Hansen, A. O. _Liberalism and American Education in the Eighteenth Century._ With an introduction by E. H. Reisner. New York: 1926. (A good bibliography of primary sources and a poor bibliography of secondary sources, pp. 265-96. Although this slights Franklin and deals especially with plans following Franklin's death, it surveys educational ideals with reference to the ideas of the Enlightenment, ideas latent in Franklin's writings.)

Haroutunian, Joseph. _Piety versus Moralism, the Pa.s.sing of the New England Theology._ New York: 1932. (An important scholarly work arguing reluctantly that Puritanism declined because it was theocentric and inadequate to the social needs of the time. Has an excellent bibliography.)

Hefelbower, S. G. _The Relation of John Locke to English Deism._ Chicago: 1918. (The relation between Locke and the English deists is "not causal, nor do they mark different stages of the same movement"; they are "related as coordinate parts of the larger progressive movement of the age." Stresses Locke's tolerance, rationalism, and natural religion.)

Higgs, Henry. _The Physiocrats. Six Lectures on the French economistes of the Eighteenth Century._ London: 1897. (Gide and Rist term this a "succinct account" of the physiocratic system.)

Hildeburn, C. R. _Issues of the Pennsylvania Press. A Century of Printing, 1685-1784._ 2 vols. Philadelphia: 1885-1886. (A highly useful guide to what was being read in Pennsylvania year by year.)

Horton, W. M. _Theism and the Scientific Spirit._ New York: 1933.

(Popular accounts of "Copernican world" and "G.o.d in the Newtonian world" in chapters I-II.)

Humphrey, Edward. _Nationalism and Religion in America, 1774-1789._ Boston: 1924.

Jameson, J. F. _The American Revolution Considered as a Social Movement._ Princeton, N. J.: 1926. (Brief and general, but suggestive.)

Jones, H. M. _America and French Culture, 1750-1848._ Chapel Hill, N.

C.: 1927. (A monumental, elaborately doc.u.mented comprehensive work, containing an excellent bibliography.)

Jones, H. M. "American Prose Style: 1700-1770," _Huntington Library Bulletin_, No. 6, 115-51 (Nov., 1934). (Shows that Puritan preachings inculcated the ideal of a simple, lucid, and dignified style.)

Kaye, F. B., ed. _The Fable of the Bees: or, Private Vices, Publick Benefits. With a Commentary Critical, Historical, and Explanatory._ 2 vols. Oxford: 1924. (The introduction is the most lucid and penetrating commentary on Mandeville in relation to the pattern of ideas of his age. See L. I. Bredvold's review in _Journal of English and Germanic Philology_, XXIV, 586-9, Oct., 1925.)

Koch, G. A. _Republican Religion: The American Revolution and the Cult of Reason._ New York: 1933. ("A vast body of facts about a host of obscure figures"--reviewed by H. H. Clark in _Journal of Philosophy_, x.x.xI, 135-8. Contains an elaborate bibliography.)

Kraus, M. _Intercolonial Aspects of American Culture on the Eve of the Revolution._ New York: 1928. (Scholarly.)

Lecky, W. E. H. _A History of England in the Eighteenth Century._ 7 vols. New York: 1892-1893 (new ed.). (A standard work, containing a finely doc.u.mented treatment of the political aspects of the American Revolution.)

Leonard, S. A. _The Doctrine of Correctness in English Usage, 1700-1800._ Madison, Wis.: 1929. (Authoritative.)

Levy-Bruhl, Lucien. _History of Modern Philosophy in France._ Chicago: 1899.

Lincoln, C. H. _The Revolutionary Movement in Pennsylvania, 1760-1776._ Philadelphia: 1901. (A highly important study showing that local sectional strife which would have eventually led to conflict synchronized with the strife between the colony and England.)

Lovejoy, A. O. "The Parallel of Deism and Cla.s.sicism," _Modern Philology_, XXIX, 281-99 (Feb., 1932). ("A systematic statement of the rationalistic _preconceptions_ which, when applied in matters of religion terminated in Deism, when applied in aesthetics produced Cla.s.sicism. An illuminating synthesis, done throughout with characteristic finesse and discrimination" [_Philological Quarterly_, XII, 106, April, 1933].)

McIlwain, C. H. _The American Revolution: A Const.i.tutional Interpretation._ New York: 1923. (Offers defense of revolution on English const.i.tutional grounds.)

Martin, Kingsley. _French Liberal Thought in the Eighteenth Century: A Study of Political Ideas from Bayle to Condorcet._ Boston: 1929.

(Stimulating survey of ideology motivating the French revolution, "a dramatic moment when feudalism, clericalism and divine monarchy collapsed.")

Merriam, C. E. _A History of American Political Theories._ New York: 1924 [1903]. (Authoritative, brief treatment.)