Account of a Voyage of Discovery Part 16

No. 59.

OFF THE PEI-HO, YELLOW SEA.

_August 10, 1816._--2. 15. P.M.

Index uppermost. Instrument inverted A + 15'. 10" B - 7'. 50"

15 . 10 8 . 10 15 . 10 8 . 05 --------- --------- Mean 15 . 13.3 Mean 8 . 01.7 B.

Mean + 15 . 13.3 A.

--------- 4) 21 . 15 5 . 48.7 Dip.

3 . 50 Tabular.

1 . 59 Difference.

Height of the eye, 15 feet, 3 inches.

Parts of the horizon observed, NW. by N. and SE. by S.

Depth of the water, 27 feet.

Barometer 29 . 68 inches.

Thermometer { Air 84 { Sea 83

Lat.i.tude 38. 50' north.

Longitude 118. 00' east.

The vessels in all parts of the horizon have an inverted image under them; this is very considerable, some having about a third of the sail, others only the hull.

No. 110.

OFF THE CAPE.

_July 28, 1817._--2.30. P.M.

Index uppermost. Instrument inverted.

A + 6'. 35" B - 5'. 00"

6 . 35 4 . 55 6 . 40 5 . 00 -------- --------- Mean 6 . 36.7 Mean 4 . 58.3 B.

Mean + 6 . 36.7 A.

--------- 4) 11 . 35 2 . 53.7 Dip.

3 . 49 Tabular.

55 Difference - ---------

Height of the eye, 15 feet.

Parts of the horizon observed, SE. and NW.

Thermometer { Air 64 { Sea 59 Depth of the sea, 222 feet.

Lat.i.tude 34. 57' south.

Longitude 20. 15' east.

Cape Lagullus due north, distant 6 or 8 miles.

Calm all day; sky clear, and weather hazy.

On the 29th and 30th of July we were off the Cape, but the weather was so bad as to prevent any sights being taken.

[Transcriber's Note: The final column of each of the following tables is transcribed beneath the table.]

--+--------+----+-----------+-----+-------+-------+-----+-------+------+------+ | |Height Dip. |Diff.|Then. |Differ.| | | | | | | of +-----------+--+--+---+---+---+---+ | | Long.|Sound-| No. Date. |eye.| Obs. |Tab.|+ |- |Sea|Air| + | - |Baro.| Lat. | East.| ings.| --+--------+----+------+----+--+--+---+---+---+---+-----+-------+------+------+ |1816. |f. i|' " |' "| "| "| | | | | | ' | ' | feet | 18|June 16.|15 3|4 35.0|3 50|45| |83 |82-|1/2| |29.86| 5 11 S|106 3 | 60 | | | | | | | | |1/2| | | | | | | 19|June 16.|15 3|4 33.0|3 50|43| |83-|82 | 1-| |29.86| 5 05 S|106 10| 56 | | | | | | | |1/2|sh.|1/2| | | | | | | | | | | | | |{85| | | | | | | 20|June 16.|14 0|3 59 |3 41|18| |84-|{sh|1/2| |29.83| 5 05 S|106 10| 48 | | | | | | | |1/2|{95| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |{su| | | | | | | 21|June 16.|14 |4 01 |3 41|20| |83 |81 | 2 | |29.85| 5 05 S|106 10| 57 | 22|June 27.|16 |4 21.0|3 56|25| |84 |82 | 2 | |29.81| 6 49 N|107 49| | 23|June 28.|16 |4 22.2|3 56|26| |84 |82 | 2 | |29.80| 8 00 |108 10| | 24|July 3. |16 |4 08.2|3 56|12| |84-|81 | 3-| |29.77|13 29 |112 59| | | | | | | | |1/2| |1/2| | | | | | 25|July 6. |16 |3 53 |3 56| | 3|84 |83-|1/4| |29.75|20 00 |114 | | | | | | | | | |3/4| | | | | | | 27|July 7. |15 3|4 3 |3 50|13| |85 |85 | | |29.79|21 11 |114 | | 28|July 8. |14 6|3 49 |3 45| 4| |84-|82 | 2-| |29.72| | | | | | | | | | |1/2| |1/2| | | | | | 29|July 16.|15 3|3 27 |3 50| |23|79 |79 | | |29.75|24 37 |118 56| | 30|July 21.|15 3|3 44 |3 50| | 6|77-|76 | 1-| |29.78|34 |124 | 270 | | | | | | | |1/2| |1/2| | | | | | 31|July 23.|15 3|3 49 |3 50| | 1|77 |82 | |5 |29.78|35 |124 | | 32|July 23.|15 3|3 49 |3 50| | 1|77 |82 | |5 |29.78|35 |124 | | 33|July 23.|15 3|3 44 |3 50| | 6|77 |82 | |5 |29.78|35 |124 | | 35|July 27.|15 3|4 02 |3 50|12| |76 |76 | | |29.70|38 55 |118 50| 72 | 36|July 27.|13 |3 35 |3 33| 2| |76 |76 | | |29.70|38 55 |118 50| 78 | 37|July 28.|15 3|4 21 |3 50|31| |83 |84 | |1 |29.62|38 50 |118 00 20 | 38|July 28.|15 3|4 06 |3 50|16| |83 |84 | |1 |29.62|38 50 |118 00| 20 | --+--------+----+------+----+--+--+---+---+---+---+-----+-------+------+------+ Remarks.

---+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 18 |Weather hazy. The low land of Sumatra just visible. The land wind has | |been blowing gently for about four hours. | 19 |East and west parts of the horizon observed. Coast of Sumatra just | |visible. Hazy. The land-wind dying away. | 20 |The day has been extremely hot, and almost a calm. The sea-breeze not yet | |set in, only a few light flaws. | 24 |A fresh breeze from WNW. The sun set in fiery dirty red clouds. Weather | |squally, with occasional showers of rain. Parts of the horizon observed | |east and west. | 25 |Weather remarkably fine; sky clear; and a gentle breeze from the south. | |The sun set about five minutes after these observations were taken. | |Parts of the horizon observed east and west. | 27 |The forenoon has been extremely hot and oppressive. A rolling swell from | |the SW. | 28 |Parts of the horizon observed SSW and NNE, the first clear to seaward, | | the other clear horizon, but the mainland of China behind it, and | |various islands on each side of the NNE line. | 29 |Very hazy weather: sky fiery. | 30 |Clear weather, with a light breeze from the eastward. Sun set behind a | |low range of dark clouds: sky in that quarter was unusually red. A long | |swell from the northward. | 31 |Wind light from south; horizon uncommonly well defined and sharp; sky | |clear; and the sea perfectly smooth. These sights, and the two following, | |may be depended on, I think, within ten seconds. | 32 |Circ.u.mstances similar to No. 31. | 33 |Parts of the horizon observed were that immediately under the setting | |sun; viz. W 21 N, and the opposite E 21 S, the sun being about 4 high. | |Day has been remarkably clear, although the wind has been from the | |southward, which in these seas is said generally to bring fogs. | 35 |Weather somewhat hazy; wind easterly. | 36 |Wind easterly. | 37 |These sights were taken while at anchor off the mouth of the Pei-ho. The | |fort of Tung-coo, on the south bank of the river, bearing W 50 N, distant| |about four or five miles. | ---+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+

--+--------+----+-----------+------+--------+------+-----+------+------+------+ | |Height Dip. |Diff. |Then. |Differ.| | | | | | | of +-----------+----+-+---+---+---+---+ | | Long.|Sound-| No. Date. |eye.| Obs. |Tab.| + |-|Sea|Air| + | - |Baro.| Lat.| East.| ings.| --+--------+----+------+----+----+-+---+---+---+---+-----+------+------+------+ |1816. |f. i|' " |' "|' " |"| | | | | | ' | ' | feet | 39|July 28.|15 3|3 46 |3 50| |4|82 |83-| | 1-|29.61|38 50 |118 | 23 | | | | | | | | |1/2| |1/2| | | | | 40|July 29.|15 3|5 3 |3 50|1 13| |84 |81 | 3 | |29.60|38 50 |118 | 18 | 41|July 29.|15 3|4 00.9|3 50| 10| |84 |83 | 1 | |29.58|38.50 |118 | 20 | 42|Aug. 6. |15 3|5 09 |3 50|1 29| |80 |79 | 1 | |29.64|38 50 |118 | 22-| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1/2| 43|Aug. 6. |15 6|4 54 |3 53|1 1| |81-|83-| | 2 |29.64|38 50 |118 | 29 | | | | | | | |1/2|1/2| | | | | | | 44|Aug. 6. |15 3|4 47 |3 50 57| |81-|83-| | 2 |29.64|38 50 |118 | 29 | | | | | | | |1/2|1/2| | | | | | | 45|Aug. 6. |15 3|4 59 |3 50|1 9| |81-|83-| | 1-|29.64|38 50 |118 | 29-| | | | | | | |1/2|1/2| |1/2| | | | 1/2| 46|Aug. 6. | 3 9|2 39 |1 54| 45| |81 |84-| | 3-|29.62|38 50 |118 | 30 | | | | | | | | |1/2| |1/2| | | | | 47|Aug. 6. | 6 |3 26 |2 25|1 1| |81 |84-| | 3-|29.62|38 50 |118 | 30-| | | | | | | | |1/2| |1/2| | | | 1/2| 48|Aug. 6. |15 3|4 59.2|3 50|1 9| |82 |80 | 2 | |29.59|38 50 |118 | 30 | 49|Aug. 8. |15 3|5 47 |3 50|1 57| |78 |69-| 8-| |29.65|38 50 |118 | 26 | | | | | | | | |1/2|1/2| | | | | | 50|Aug. 8. |15 3|5 49 |3 59|1 59| |78 |69-| 8-| |29.65|38 50 |118 | 26 | | | | | | | | |1/2|1/2| | | | | | 51|Aug. 8. |15 3|5 47 |3 50|1 57| |77-|73 | 4-| |29.66|38 50 |118 | 24 | | | | | | | |1/2| |1/2| | | | | | 52|Aug. 9. |15 3|4 30.4|3 59| 40| |79-|75 | 4-| |29.72|38 50 |118 | | | | | | | | |1/2| |1/2| | | | | | 53|Aug.10. | 5 6|5 18.3|2 20|2 58| |77 |75 | 2 | |29.69|38 50 |118 | 5 | 54|Aug.10. | 5 6|4 28.3|2 20|2 8| | | | | | |38 50 |117 55| | 55|Aug.10. | 5 6|4 7 |2 20|1 47| |77 |75 | 2 | |29.69|38 50 |117 55| 12 | 56|Aug.10. | 5 6|3 55 |2 20|1 35| |77 |75 | 2 | |29.69|38 50 |118 | 13 | --+--------+----+------+----+----+-+---+---+---+---+-----+------+------+------+ Remarks.

--+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 39|The day has been exceedingly close with little wind. | 40|There has been little wind this morning, after a very close night. | 41|Nearly calm, there being only a very light air from the SE.--Day sultry. | 42|Weather hazy; sky clear overhead; sea remarkably smooth; wind north. | 43|Moderate breeze from SE by S; rather hazy; but the horizon sharp and | |distinct. And this together with the four following observations, may be | |taken as very accurate, every circ.u.mstance being most favourable. | 45|Parts of the horizon observed E by N and W by S. | 46|Parts of the horizon observed SSE and NNW. Wind SE. | 47|Wind SE. | 48|Parts of the horizon observed E and W. The day, which has been remarkably | |fine, has resumed towards sunset a wild, stormy aspect. Wind fresh at SE. | 49|Parts of the horizon observed E by S and W by N. This morning unusually | |clear; so that when the sun's semi-diameter only was above the horizon, | |it was painful to look at him. The horizon has a rugged appearance. | 50|Parts of the horizon observed NNE and SSW. Wind NNW, moderate. | 51|Weather remarkably clear; horizon still rugged; wind NNW, moderate. | 52|This morning cloudy, and looks rainy but the air seems clear. Parts of the | |horizon observed NW by W and SE by E. | 53|Parts of the horizon observed N by E and S by W. Instrument readjusted. | |Wind WNW. | 54|Parts of the horizon observed WSW and ENE. Wind NW. These observations | |were taken close to the low land, near the mouth of the Pei-ho. The night | |had been cold, and the morning was still keen; but unfortunately there | |was no thermometer in the boat; I suppose, however, that the air was | |about 66 At the time these sights were taken, I observed a vessel bearing | |N by W, the lower half of whose sail was inverted. | 55|Wind NW. | 56|Wind NW. Parts of the horizon observed NW and SE. During these | |observations,(53, 54, 55, 56) the vessels near the land had more or less | |an inverted image under them. | --+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

--+--------+----+-----------+------+--------+------+-----+------+------+------+ | |Height Dip. |Diff. |Then. |Differ.| | | | | | | of +-----------+----+-+---+---+---+---+ | | Long.|Sound-| No. Date. |eye.| Obs. |Tab.| + |-|Sea|Air| + | - |Baro.| Lat.| East.| ings.| --+--------+----+------+----+----+-+---+---+---+---+-----+------+------+------+ |1816. |f. i| ' " |' "|' " |"| | | | | | ' | ' | feet | 57|Aug. 10.|15 3| 5 37 |3 50|1 47| |78 |76-| 1-| |29.70|38 50 |118 | 26 | | | | | | | | |1/2|1/2| | | | | | 58|Aug. 10.|15 3| 6 6 |3 50|2 16| |83 |84 | | 1 |29.68|38 50 |118 | 27 | 59|Aug. 10.|15 3| 5 49 |3 50|1 59| |83 |84 | | 1 |29.68|38 50 |118 | 27 | 60|Aug. 11.|15 3| 5 3 |3 50|1 13| |79 |76 | 3 | |29.72|38 50 |118 | 26-| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1/2| 61|Aug. 11.|15 3| 5 13 |3 50|1 23| |80 |79 | 1 | |29.73|38 50 |118 | 24 | 62|Aug. 12.|16 | 4 52 |3 56| 56| |80 |79 | 1 | |29.79|38 50 |118 | 24 | 63|Aug. 12.|15 3| 4 35 |3 50| 45| |81 |79-| 1-| |29.77|38 36 |117 56| 29-| | | | | | | | |1/2|1/2| | | | | 1/2| 64|Aug. 13.|16 | 4 4 |3 56| 8| |79 |78 | 1 | |29.80|38 31 |118 09| 42 | 65|Aug. 13.|16 | 4 6 |3 56| 10| |79 |78 | 1 | |29.80|38 31 |118 09| 42 | 66|Aug. 13.|16 | 4 20 |3 56| 24| |81 |83 | | 2 |29.80|38 21 |118 04| 44 | 67|Aug. 14.|15 3| 4 30 |3 30|1 | |78 |79 | | 1 |29.71|38 30 |118 24| | 68|Aug. 14.|15 3| 4 25 |3 30| 55| |79-|80-| | 1 |29.70|38 30 |118 35| 50 | | | | | | | |1/2|1/2| | | | | | | 69|Aug. 15.|15 3| 4 39 |3 30|1 9| |80 |79 | 1 | |29.77|38 00 |118 35| 48 | 70|Aug. 15.|15 3| 4 53 |3 30|1 23| |81-|79 | 2-| |29.76|38 00 |118 54| 44 | | | | | | | |1/2| |1/2| | | | | | 71|Aug. 15.|15 3| 5 4 |3 30|1 34| |82 |79 | 3 | |29.70|37 54 |118 56| 40 | 72|Aug. 16.|15 3| 4 43 |3 30|1 13| |81 |76 | 5 | |29.17|37 38 |118 57| 39 | 73|Aug. 17.|15 3| 4 38 |3 30|1 8| |80 |79-|1/2| |29.73|37 21 |119 28| 30 | | | | | | | | |1/2| | | | | | | 74|Aug. 17.|14 | 4 29 |3 41| 48| |81-|81 |1/2| |29.75|37 19 |119 44| 33 | | | | | | | |1/2| | | | | | | | 75|Aug. 17.|15 3| 4 42 |3 30|1 12| |81-|82 | |1/2|29.70|37 21 |119 44| 30 | | | | | | | |1/2| | | | | | | | 76|Aug. 18.|16 | 4 39 |3 56| 43| |80 |77 | 3 | |29.76|37 29 |119 37| 48 | 77|Aug. 20.|16 | 4 20 |3 56| 24| |77 |72 | 5 | |29.85|37 50 |120 16| | 79|Aug. 21.|15 3| 4 42 |3 50| 52| |77 |71 | 6 | |29.80|37 52 |120 27| | 80|Aug. 21.| 4 | 2 37 |1 58| 39| |77 |79 | | 2 |29.80|37 52 |120 27| 60 | 81|Aug. 21.|15 3| 4 6 |3 50| 18| |77 |76 | 1 | |29.76| | | 60 | --+--------+----+------+----+----+-+---+---+---+---+-----+------+------+------+ Remarks.

--+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 57|Weather very clear. Parts of the horizon observed ENE and WSW. | 58|Parts of the horizon observed N by E and S by W. | 59|The vessels in all parts of the horizon have an inverted image under them; | |this is very considerable, some having about one-third of the sail, others | |only the hull. | 60|Light wind from SE. Sky cloudy, somewhat hazy; but the horizon sharp and | |unbroken. | 61|The inversion of the vessels as conspicuous as before. Parts of the | |horizon observed ESE and WNW. | 62|A light breeze from the SE. Cloudy and close.--N.B. Instrument readjusted. | 63|Part of the horizon observed N and S. | 64|Part of the horizon observed E and W. A moderate breeze from the SW. Clear | |overhead; hazy in the horizon. | 65|Parts of the horizon observed N and S. | 66|Wind SE. Sky clear, and the horizon sharp. | 67|Light breeze from ESE. Parts observed NE and SW. | 68|Light breeze at ESE. Cloudy, with a haze in the horizon. Parts observed NE | |and SW. | 69|Parts of the horizon observed E and W. Moderate breeze from ENE. | |Remarkably clear weather. | 70|Steady moderate breeze at ENE. Very clear. Horizon sharp, and well defined.| 72|Wind at East. Sky cloudy and rather hazy. | 73|Light wind at SW. Hazy weather. | 74|Light breeze from the Northward. Weather hazy. Parts of the horizon | |observed SE and NW. | 75|Parts of the horizon observed NE by E and SW by W. | 76|Moderate breeze from East. Parts of the horizon observed WNW and ESE. | 77|The wind has been blowing hard for two days from NE; this evening it has | |lulled, and the weather has cleared off: there remains however a high | |swell. | 79|Land-wind South. Fine clear morning. | 80|Parts of the horizon observed SW by S and NE by N. | 81|The inversions which were so conspicuous this morning have been entirely | |removed since the sea breeze set in. In some distant islands there is a | |slight inversion at the ends, but very trifling. | --+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

--+--------+----+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+------+------+ | |Height Dip. |Diff. |Then. |Differ.| | | | | | | of +-----------+----+--+---+---+---+---+ | | Long.|Sound-| No. Date. |eye.| Obs. |Tab.| + | -|Sea|Air| + | - |Baro.| Lat.| East.| ings.| --+--------+----+------+----+----+--+---+---+---+---+-----+------+------+------+ | 1816. |f. i| ' " |' "|' " | "| | | | | | ' | ' | feet | 82|Aug. 21.|14 | 3 26 |3 41| |15|76 |75 | 1 | |29.74| | | | 83|Aug. 21.|15 3| 3 29 |3 41| |12|76 |75 | 1 | |29.74| | | | 84|Aug. 22.|16 | 3 52 |3 56| | 4|75 |76 | 1 | |29.80| | | | 85|Sept. 4.|12 | 3 46 |3 25| 21| |81 |83 | | 2 |29.86| 36 10|126 30| 56 | 86|Sept. 4.|12 | 3 42 |3 25| 17| |81 |83 | | 2 |29.86| 36 8|126 35| 56 | 87|Sept. 5.|15 | 3 47 |3 49| | 2|79 |80 | | 1 |29.80| 35 40|126 17| | 88|Sept. 7.|15 3| 3 33 |3 41| | 8|74 |80 | | 6 |29.84| 34 32|126 34| | 89|Sept. 7.|15 3| 3 27 |3 41| |14|74 |80 | | 6 |29.84| 34 32|126 34| | | 1817. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 90|Mar. 3. |14 | 3 57 |3 41| 16| |82 |84-| | 2-|29.74| 2 18|102 20| | | | | | | | | |1/2| |1/2| | | | | 91|Mar. 5. |14 8| 4 49 |3 46| 1 3| |83 |85 | | 2 |29.73| 3 40|100 35| | 92|Mar. 5. |14 8| 4 50 |3 46| 1 4| |83 |85 | | 2 |29.73| | | 165 | 93|Mar. 5. |14 8| 4 53 |3 46| 1 7| | | | | | | | | | 94|Mar. 8. |14 8| 4 33 |3 46| 47| |84 |84 | | |29.86| 5 12|100 14| 120 | a)| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 94|Mar. 8. |14 8| 4 58 |3 46|1 12| |84 |82-| 1-| |29.86| | | 120 | b)| | | | | | | |1/2|1/2| | | | | | --+--------+----+------+----+----+--+---+---+---+---+-----+------+------+------+ Remarks.

--+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 82|This and the following were observed towards sunset; they exhibit a | |considerable degree of refraction above what is usual. The sights on this | |morning in the same place gave upwards of 1' greater dip. | 83|All other circ.u.mstances the same as in No. 82. | 84|Fresh breeze from SE, with a remarkably clear sky. The horizon uncommonly | |sharp. | 85|Wind moderate from WNW. Clear weather. | 86|All other circ.u.mstances the same as in No. 85. Parts of the horizon | |observed SSW and NNE. | 87|Parts of the horizon observed WNW and ESE. | 88|The morning has been exceedingly hot before the breezes set in from sea at | |11 A.M. | 89|All other circ.u.mstances the same as in No. 89. | 90|After a very hot day. | 91|Parts of the horizon observed ESE and WNW. See further remarks under 93. | |Instruments readjusted. | 92|Parts of the horizon observed NE and SW. All other circ.u.mstances as in No. | |91. | 93|Parts of the horizon observed SSE and NNW. These three observations (Nos. | |91, 92, and 93) were made under the most favourable circ.u.mstances, and may | |be considered as shewing the accuracy which the instrument is capable of | |attaining. The sea was so perfectly smooth, that not the slightest motion | |could be detected. The horizon at all the parts observed was sharp, and | |better defined than I recollect to have seen it; and, what is not often the | |case, the opposite parts were alike in strength of light &c. The day has | |been hot, but not close, with a light breeze from the Southward. The dip is | |very great, but the observations were made with such care, that there can | |be no doubt of their accuracy. | 94|There had been a light breeze from the North in the morning, but for an | a)|hour before these sights were taken it had been calm. | 94|Nearly the same place as No. 94(a); but the other circ.u.mstances were | b)|changed, as the sea breeze at NW had set in about a quarter of an hour, | |whereas in the last instance it was calm. The above angles were taken with | |great care. The horizon sharp. Parts of the horizon observed NW and SE. | --+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

---+--------+----+-----------+------+-------+-------+-----+------+------+------+ | |Height Dip. |Diff. | Then. |Differ.| | | | | | | of +-----------+--+---+---+---+---+---+ | | Long.|Sound-| No.| Date. |eye.| Obs. |Tab.| +| - |Sea|Air| + | - |Baro.| Lat.| East.| ings.| ---+--------+----+------+----+--+---+---+---+---+---+-----+------+------+------+ | 1817. |f. i|' " |' "| "|' "| | | | | | ' | ' | feet | 95|Mar. 19.|14 8| 3 51 |3 46| 5| |80 |82 | | 2 |29.84| | | | 96|Mar. 19.|14 8| 3 48 |3 46| 2| |80 |82 | | 2 |29.78|13 30 | 89 30| | 97|Mar. 20.|14 8| 3 48 |3 46| 2| |79-|82 | | 2-|29.83|14 30 | 89 15| | | | | | | | |1/2| | |1/2| | | | | 98|Mar. 21.|14 8| 3 48 |3 46| 2| |80 |82 | | 2 |29.84|15 00 | 89 00| | 99|Mar. 22.|14 8| 3 39 |3 46| | 7|79 |79-| |1/2|29.84|16 00 | 88 30| | | | | | | | | |1/2| | | | | | | 100|Mar. 23.|14 8| 3 47 |3 46| 1| |78-|79 | |1/2|29.80|17 00 | 88 00| | | | | | | | |1/2| | | | | | | | 101|Mar. 24.|14 8| 3 53 |3 46| 7| |78 |80 | | 2 |29.78|17 30 | 88 15| | | | | | | | | | | | | |South.| | | 102|July 22 |15 | 3 36 |3 49| | 13|71 |72 | | 1 | |34 0 | 26 | 400 | 103|July 24.|15 | 3 16 |3 49| | 33|59 |62 | | 3 | |34 25 | 24 56| 372 | 104|July 25.|15 | 3 36 |3 49| | 13|62 |63 | | 1 | |35 S | 23 45| 462 | 105|July 26.|15 | 3 30 |3 49| | 19|58 |60 | | 2 | |35 S | 23 | 462 | 106|July 26.|15 | 3 30 |3 40| | 19|60 |63 | | 3 | |34 52 | 22 23| 420 | 107|July 27.|15 | 2 55 |3 49| | 54|56 |59 | | 3 | |35 | 21 | 24 | 108|July 27.|15 | 2 47 |3 49| |1 2|56 |59 | | 3 | |35 | 21 | 240 | 109|July 28.|15 | 3 17 |3 19| | 32|58 |64 | | 6 | |34 58 | 20 15| | 110|July 28.|15 | 2 54 |3 49| | 55|59 |64 | | 5 | |34 57 | 20 15| 222 | ---+--------+----+------+----+--+---+---+---+---+---+-----+------+------+------+ Remarks.

---+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 95|The wind steady and moderate at NE; atmosphere clear; horizon well defined;| |a long swell from SW. This swell, which was not high, produced an obvious | |effect on the dip angle, as observed, the two horizons alternately | |separating and overlapping; this change was however so slight that I have | |not been able to measure it. | 96|All other circ.u.mstances as in Nov. 95. Parts of the horizon observed NE | |and SW. | 97|During the night there has been a light breeze from the East; at this | |moment it is freshening up a little. The atmosphere is clear; horizon | |sharp; a long low swell from SW, as yesterday. | 98|It has been calm, or nearly so, during the night; occasionally a light air | |from SE and S. All circ.u.mstances favorable. | 99|During the night there has been a light wind from SW. The weather is more | |hazy than when the wind was from the Eastward, and the horizon not so | |distinctly marked; but the above sights are good. There is still a swell | |from SW, which causes some little uncertainty as to the exact moment of | |taking the angle. | 100|In the night there has been a light breeze from W by S. Weather hazy; but | |the horizon sharper than yesterday morning. | 101|During the night almost calm; just now a light air from the NE. Parts of | |the horizon observed NE and SW. | 102|Fine fair clear weather, but with so high a swell as to render the | |observation difficult. Wind light from N, after having been blowing fresh. | 103|Light breezes from the North-eastward; smooth water, and a clear cool air; | |hazy about the land. The distance from the South cost of Africa was about | |8 or 9 leagues. All circ.u.mstances seem favourable. No current; we have | |probably been too near sh.o.r.e for it. | 104|Light breeze from the SW, with a long swell. Hazy weather. The wind has | |been from the West for 24 hours; at first blowing hard, but latterly | |moderate, the current setting us to the SW about a mile an hour. A very | |heavy dew falling this evening. Parts of the horizon observed East and | |West. | 105|Moderate breeze from the NE; air hazy; long high swell from the Westward. | |From observations by stars and chronometers, it has been ascertained that | |there is not the least current. Distance from the South coast of Africa | |about 50 miles. A high range in sight to the Northward. Parts of the | |horizon observed North and South. | 106|A light breeze from the NE; air hazy; a long swell from the Westward. | |About 50 miles distant from the land. | 107|The wind has been moderate from the land all night; air hazy; weather raw; | |a very heavy dew falling all night. The land in sight to the Northward, | |distant about 40 miles, is inverted from one end to the other. | 108|Parts of the horizon observed NNE and SSW. All other circ.u.mstances as in | |No. 107. | 109|Parts of the horizon observed NE and SW. Cape Lagullas North 2 or 3 | |leagues. A light breeze from the Eastward. Air hazy. | 110|Parts of the horizon observed SE and NW. Cape Lagullas due North, distant | |6 or 8 miles. Calm all day; sky clear; and weather hazy. | | | |N.B. On the 29th and 30th of July we were off the Cape, but the weather | |was so bad as to prevent any sights being taken. | ---+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL,

FROM JULY TO NOVEMBER 1816, WHILE THE SHIPS WERE IN THE YELLOW AND j.a.pAN SEAS.

-----+-------+---------+-------+-------+--------+------------------------------- | | Thermom.| | | | | +----+----+ | | | Hour.|Barom. |Air.|Sea.| Winds.| Lat. | Long. | -----+-------+----+----+-------+-------+--------+ 1 | | | | South | | |_Sunday, July 14, 1816._ 2 | | | | SSW | | | 3 | | | | | | |The wind continued quite 4 | | | | | | |light during the night, with 5 | | | | | | |one or two slight showers, but 6 | | | | | | |no squalls.

7 | | | | | | | 8 |30i.01h| | | SW | | |About 8 A.M. the wind 9 | | | | | | |hauled to about SW, from 10 | | | | | | |which quarter it blew a light 11 | | | | | N | E |breeze.

Noon.|30 .01 | 83| 84| |22 07'|115 26'| -----+-------+---------+-------+-------+--------+ 1 | | | | | | 2 | | | | | Coast of | 3 | | | | | China. | 4 |29 .94 | | | | | 5 | | | | | | 6 | | | | | | 7 | | | | | | 8 |29 .98 | | | | | 9 | | | | | | 10 | | | | | | 11 | | | | | | Mid.| | | | | | -----+-------+----+----+-------+-------+--------+------------------------------- 1 | | | | SW | | |_Monday, July 15, 1816._ 2 | | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | |The same winds during the 4 | | | | | | |night.

5 | | | | | | | 6 | | | | | | | 7 | | | | | | | 8 | | | | | | | 9 | | | | | | |Found that we had been 10 |29 .89 | | |SW by W| | |driven by a current, 11 | | | | | N | E |setting about E by N, 2-1/2 Noon.|29 .89 | 82 | 83 | WNW |22 .43 |117 .30 |miles an hour.

-----+-------+----+----+-------+-------+--------+ 1 | | | | West | | 2 | | | | | SE Coast | 3 | | | | | of China. |About 3 o'clock it became 4 | | | | | |extremely hazy; the sun set 5 | | | | | |in fiery clouds, and a blood 6 | | | | WSW | |red tint was given to the low 7 | | | | | |clouds all round the horizon.

8 |29 .76 | | | SW | | 9 | | | | | | 10 |29 .80 | | | | | 11 | | | | | | Mid.| | | | | | -----+-------+----+----+-------+-------+--------+------------------------------- 1 | | | | SW | | | 2 | | | | | | |_Tuesday, July 16, 1816._ 3 | | | | WSW | | | 4 | | | | | | |During this day there has 5 | | | | | | |been a moderate breeze from 6 | | | | West | | |the SSW, with a thick haze, 7 | | | | | | |and dew at night.

8 |29 .74 | | | WSW | | | 9 | | | | | | |Soundings from 32 to 26 10 | | | | SW | | |fathoms: dark fine sand.

11 |29 .83 | | | | N | E | Noon.|29 .74 | 83 | | |24 .37 |118 .50 | -----+-------+----+----+-------+-------+--------+ 1 | | | | | | 2 | | | | | Straits of |We have seen no land all 3 | | | | | Formosa, |day, having ran along nearly 4 | | | | | China. |parallel with the coast 5 | | | | | |of about 30 or 40 about 6 |29 .75 | | | | |Chusan, at the distance 7 | | | | | |leagues.

8 |29 .78 | 80 | 79 | SW | | | | |-1/2| | | 9 | | | | | | 10 | | | | | | 11 | | | | | | Mid.|29 .76 | 80 | 79 | | | | | |-1/2| | | -----+-------+----+----+-------+-------+--------+------------------------------- 1 | | | | | | | 2 | | | | | | |_Wednesday, July 17, 1816._ 3 | | | | | | | 4 |29 .74 | 80 | 80 | SSW | | |The weather is remarkably | | |-1/2| | | |hazy, and there is a very 5 | | | | | | |disagreeable sea coming after 6 |29 .76 | | | | | |us.

7 | | | | | | | 8 |29 .80 | 82 | 81 | | | | 9 | | | | | | | 10 |29 .81 | | | SW | | | 11 |29 .80 | | | | N | E | Noon.|29 .81 | 82 | 80 |SW by S| 26 .1 |122 .6 | -----+-------+----+----+-------+-------+--------+ 1 |29 .80 | | | SSW | | 2 | | | | | Straits of |At night hazy with a heavy 3 | | | | | Formosa, |dew; soundings 52 fathoms.

4 |29 .76 | 82 | 81 | | China. |To-day we quitted the Straits 5 |29 .76 | | | | |of Formosa, and stood towards 6 | | | | | |the Yellow Sea. Last evening 7 |29 .76 | | | | |we were among a cl.u.s.ter of 8 |29 .79 | 82 | 80 | South | |large islands near the coast 9 | | | | | |of China, about two-thirds of 10 | | | | | |the way through the Straits 11 | | | | | |of Formosa.

Mid.|29 .80 | 81 | 80 |S by W | | -----+-------+----+----+-------+-------+--------+------------------------------- 1 | | | | SW | | |_Thursday, July 18, 1816._ 2 | | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | |The wind during all this day 4 | | | | | | |has been from the South 5 |29 .78 | | | | | |Westward.

6 | | | | | | | From noon till midnight it 7 | | | | | | |continued fresh and steady, 8 |29 .80 | 81 | 80 | WSW | | |after which it lulled.

9 | | | | | | |Weather very hazy, and at 10 |29 .86 | | | SW | | |night a heavy dew falling.

11 | | | | | N | | Depth of water from 35 to Noon.|29 .80 | 81 | 79 | SSW |26 .21 | |37 fathoms.

-----+-------+----+----+-------+-------+--------+ 1 | | | | SW | | 2 |29 .80 | | | |To the northward| 3 | | | | |of the Straits | 4 |29 .80 | 81 | 80 |SW by W|of Formosa. | 5 | | | | | | 6 |29 .76 | | | SW | |No land seen to-day, being 7 | | | | | |about 30 leagues off sh.o.r.e, 8 |29 .76 | 81 | 79 | SSW | |to the Northward of the 9 | | | | | |Straits of Formosa.

10 | | | | | | 11 | | | | | | Mid.| | | | | | -----+-------+----+----+-------+-------+--------+------------------------------- 1 | | | | | | |_Friday, July 19, 1816._ 2 | | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | 4 |29 .78 | 79 | 78 |S by W | | |During this day there has 5 | | | | | | |been a moderate breeze from 6 |29 .75 | | | | | |the SSW, with a thick haze 7 | | | | | | |and dew at night.