A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene Part 29

BRONCH'I (Gr. [Greek: bronkos], _bronkos_, the windpipe). The two first divisions or branches of the trachea; one enters each lung.

BRONCH'I-AL TUBES. The smaller branches of the trachea within the substance of the lungs, terminating in the air-cells.

BRONCH-I'TIS (from _bronchia_, and _itis_, a suffix signifying inflammation). An inflammation of the larger bronchial tubes; a "cold"

affecting the lungs.

CAL-CA'RE-OUS (L. _calx_, lime). Containing lime.

CA-NAL' (L.). In the body, any tube or pa.s.sage.

CA-NINE' (L. _canis_, a dog). Name given to the third tooth on each {254} side of the jaw; in the upper jaw it is also known as the eye-tooth: pointed like the tusks of a dog.

CAP'IL-LA-RY (L. _capil'lus_, a hair, _capilla'ris_ hair-like). The name of the extremely minute blood-vessels which connect the arteries with the veins.

CAR'BON DIOX-IDE (CO_{2}). Chemical name for carbonic acid gas.

CAR-BON'IC A-CID. The gas which is present in the air expired from the lungs; a waste product of the animal kingdom, and a food of the vegetable kingdom.

CAR'DI-AC (Gr. [Greek: kardia], _cardia_, the heart). The cardiac orifice of the stomach is the upper one, and is near the heart; hence its name.

CAR-NIV'O-ROUS (L. _ca'ro_, flesh, and _vo'ro_, to devour). Subsisting upon flesh.

CA-ROT'ID AR-TE-RY. The large artery of the neck, supplying the head and brain.

CAR'TI-LAGE. A solid but flexible material, forming a part of the joints, air-pa.s.sages, nostrils, etc.; gristle.

CA'SE-INE (L. _ca'seus_, cheese). The alb.u.minoid substance of milk; it forms the basis of cheese.

CER-E-BEL'LUM (diminutive for _cer'ebrum_, the brain). The little brain, situated beneath the posterior third of the cerebrum.

CER'E-BRUM (L.). The brain proper, occupying the entire upper portion of the skull. It is nearly divided into two equal parts, called "hemispheres,"

by a cleft extending from before backward.

CHO'ROID (Gr. [Greek: chorion], _chorion_, a membrane or covering). The middle tunic or coat of the eyeball.

CHYLE (Gr. [Greek: chulos], chulos, juice). The milk-like fluid formed by the digestion of fatty articles of food in the intestines.

CHYME (Gr. [Greek: chumos], _chumos_, juice). The pulpy liquid formed by digestion within the stomach.

CIL'I-A (pl. of _cil'i-um_, an eyelash). Minute, vibratile, hair-like processes found upon the cells of the air-pa.s.sages, and other parts that are habitually moist.

CIR-CU-LA'TION (L. _cir'culus_, a ring). The circuit, or course of the blood through the blood-vessels of the body, from the heart to the arteries, through the capillaries into the veins, and from the veins back to the heart.

CO-AG-U-LA'TION (L. _coag'ulo_, to curdle). Applied to the process by which the blood clots or solidifies.

COCH'LE-A (L. _coch'lea_, a snail-sh.e.l.l). The spiral cavity of the internal ear.

{255} CONCH'A (Gr. [Greek: konche], _konche_, a mussel-sh.e.l.l). The external sh.e.l.l-shaped portion of the external ear.

CON-JUNC-TI'VA (L. _con_ and _jun'go_, to join together). A thin layer of mucous membrane which lines the eyelids and covers the front of the eyeball; thus joining the latter to the lids.

CON-TRAC-TIL'I-TY (L. _con_ and _tra'ho_, to draw together). The property of a muscle which enables it to contract, or draw its extremities closer together.

CON-VO-LU'TIONS (L. _con_ and _vol'vo_, to roll together). The tortuous foldings of the external surface of the brain.

CON-VUL'SION (L. _convel'lo_, to pull together). A more or less violent agitation of the limbs or body.

COR'NE-A (L. _cor'nu_, a horn). The transparent, horn-like substance which covers the anterior fifth of the eyeball.

COR'PUS-CLES, BLOOD (L. dim. of _cor'pus_, a body). The small biconcave disks which give to the blood its red color; the _white_ corpuscles are globular and larger.

COS-MET'IC (Gr. [Greek: kosmeo], _kosmeo_, to adorn). Beautifying; applied to articles which are supposed to increase the beauty of the skin, etc.

CRA'NI-AL (L. _cra'nium_, the skull). Pertaining to the skull. The nerves which arise from the brain are called cranial nerves.

CRI'COID (Gr. [Greek: krikos], _kri'kos_, a ring). A cartilage of the larynx, resembling a seal-ring in shape.

CRYS'TAL-LINE LENS (L. _crystal'lum_, a crystal). One of the so-called humors of the eye; a double convex body situated in the front part of the eyeball.

CU'TI-CLE (L. dim. of _cu'tis_, the skin). The scarf-skin; also called the _epider'mis_.

CU'TIS (Gr. [Greek: skutos], _skutos_, a skin or hide). The true skin, lying beneath the cuticle; also called the _der'ma_.

DE-CUS-SA'TION (L. _decus'sis_, the Roman numeral ten, X). A reciprocal crossing of fibres from side to side.

DI'A-PHRAGM (Gr. [Greek: diaphra.s.so], _diaphra.s.so_, to divide by a part.i.tion). A large, thin muscle which separates the cavity of the chest from the abdomen; a muscle of respiration.

DIF-FUS'ION OF GASES. The power of gases to become intimately mingled, without reference to the force of gravity.

DUCT (L. _du'co_, to lead). A narrow tube; the _thoracic duct_ is the main trunk of the absorbent vessels.

DU-O-DE'NUM (L. _duode'ni_, twelve). The first division of the small intestines, about twelve fingers-breadth long.

{256} DU'RA MA'TER (L.). Literally, the hard mother; the tough membrane which envelops the brain.

DYS-PEP'SI-A (Gr. [Greek: dus], _dus_, difficult, and [Greek: pepto], _pep'to_, to digest). Difficult or painful digestion; a disordered condition of the stomach.

E-MUL'SION (L. _emul'geo_, to milk). Oil in a finely divided state suspended in water.

EN-AM'EL (Fr. _email_). The dense material which covers the crown of the tooth.

EN'ER-GY, Specific, of a Nerve. When a nerve of special sense is excited, whatever be the cause, the sensation experienced is that peculiar to the nerve; this is said to be the law of the specific energy of the nerves.

EP-I-GLOT'TIS (Gr. [Greek: epi], _epi_, upon, and [Greek: glottis], _glottis_, the entrance to the windpipe). A leaf-shaped piece of cartilage which covers the top of the larynx during the act of swallowing.

EX-CRE'TION (L. _excer'no_, to separate). The separation from the blood of the waste particles of the body; also the materials excreted.

EX-PI-RA'TION (L. _expi'ro_, to breathe out). The act of forcing air out of the lungs.