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WHITE CEDAR.
_Chamaecyparis thyoides_ (Linnaeus) B. S. P.
_Chamaecyparis_ means low cypress; _thyoides_ means like _thuya_ (_Aborvitae_).
[Ill.u.s.tration: Habitat.]
HABITAT: (See map); best in Virginia and North Carolina.
[Ill.u.s.tration: Leaf.]
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 60'-80'; diameter, 2'-4'; branches, low, often forming impenetrable thickets; bark, light reddish brown, many fine longitudinal fissures, often spirally twisted around stem; leaves, scale-like, four-ranked; cones, globular, 1/4"
diameter.
APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, pink to brown, sap-wood lighter; non-porous; rings, sharp and distinct; grain, straight; rays, numerous, obscure; non-resinous.
PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Very light in weight (64th in this list); 23 lbs.
per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.3322); weak (64th in this list); brittle (63d in this list; soft (62d in this list); shrinkage 3 per cent.; warps little; extremely durable; easily worked; splits easily; nails well.
COMMON USES: Boats, shingles, posts, railway ties, cooperage.
REMARKS: Grows chiefly in swamps, often in dense pure forests. Uses determined largely by its durability.
[Ill.u.s.tration: Radial Section, life size.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Tangential Section, life size.]
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LAWSON CYPRESS. PORT ORFORD CEDAR. OREGON CEDAR. WHITE CEDAR.
_Chamaecyparis lawsoniana_ (A. Murray) Parlatore.
_Chamaecyparis_ means low cypress.
[Ill.u.s.tration: Habitat.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Leaf.]
HABITAT: (See map); best on coast of Oregon.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 100'-200'; diameter, 4'-8', even 12'; base of trunk abruptly enlarged; bark, very thick, even 10" at base of trunk, inner and outer layers distinct, very deep fissures, rounded ridges; leaves, very small, 1/16" long, four-ranked, overlapped, flat sprays; cones, small, 1/4", globular.
APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, pinkish brown, sap-wood hardly distinguishable; non-porous; rings, summer wood thin, not conspicuous; grain, straight, close; rays, numerous, very obscure; non-resinous.
PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Light in weight (46th in this list); 28 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.4621; strong (25th in this list); elastic (12th in this list); soft (50th in this list); shrinkage 3 or 4 per cent.; warps little; durable; easily worked; splits easily.
COMMON USES: Matches (almost exclusively on the Pacific Coast), interior finish, ship and boat building.
REMARKS: Resin, a powerful diuretic and insecticide.
[Ill.u.s.tration: Radial Section, life size.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Tangential Section, life size.]
27
RED CEDAR.
_Juniperus virginiana_ Linnaeus.
_Juniperus_, the cla.s.sical Latin name; _virginiana_, in honor of the State of Virginia.
[Ill.u.s.tration: Habitat.]
HABITAT: (See map); best in Gulf States in swamps, especially on the west coast of Florida.
[Ill.u.s.tration: Leaf.]
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 40'-50', even 80'; diameter, 1'-2'; trunk, ridged, sometimes expanded; branches, low; bark, light brown, loose, ragged, separating into long, narrow, persistent, stringy scales; leaves, opposite, of two kinds, awl-shaped, and scale-shaped; fruit, dark blue berry.
APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, dull red, sap-wood white; non-porous; rings, easily distinguished; grain, straight; rays, numerous, very obscure; non-resinous.
PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Very light in weight (42d in this list); 30 lbs.
per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.4826; medium strong (43d in this list); brittle (61st in this list); medium hard (34th in this list); shrinkage, 3 per cent.; warps little; very durable; easy to work; splits readily, takes nails well.
COMMON USES: Pencils, chests, cigar boxes, pails, interior finish.
REMARKS: Fragrant. Pencils are made almost exclusively of this wood, because it is light, strong, stiff, straight and fine-grained and easily whittled; supply being rapidly depleted.
[Ill.u.s.tration: Radial Section, life size.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Tangential Section, life size.]
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