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KINGS OF SCOTLAND..
William 1175-1214 Alexander II 1214-1249 Alexander III 1249-1286 Margaret 1286-1292 John Balliol 1292-1296 Interregnum 1296-1306
KINGS OF CASTILE AND LEON.
Alfonso IX 1188-1214 Henry I 1214-1217 St. Ferdinand III 1217-1252 Alfonso X 1252-1284 Sancho IV 1284-1295 Ferdinand IV 1295-1312
KINGS OF ENGLAND.
John Lackland 1199-1216 Henry III 1216-1272 Edward I 1272-1307
KINGS OF FRANCE.
Philip II 1180-1223 Louis VIII 1223-1226 Louis IX 1226-1270 Philip III 1270-1285 Louis [Philip] IV 1314-1316
KINGS OF ARAGON.
Pedro II 1196-1213 James I., the Conqueror 1215-1276 Pedro III 1276-1285 Alfonso III 1285-1291 James II 1291-1327
KINGS OF NAPLES.
Conrad 1250-1254 Conradin 1254-1258 Manfred 1258-1266 Charles of Anjou 1266-1285 Charles 1285-1309
EVENTS.
1202.--Fourth great crusade under Boniface, marquis of Montferrat.
1204.--The English stripped of Normandy, etc., by Philip Augustus of France.
1206.--Jenghis-Khan: foundation of the great empire of the Moguls.
1212.--Battle of Ubeda: defeat and fall of Almohads of Africa.
1213.--John Lackland acknowledges himself va.s.sal of the pope.
1213.--Battle of Bouvines won by Philip Augustus.
1215.--Magna Charta.
The palatinate of the Rhine goes to the house of Wittelsbach.
1217.--Crusade of Andrew II., King of Hungary.
1218.--Extinction of the dukes of Zarringuia: Switzerland becomes an immediate province of the empire.
{431}
1222.--Charter or decree of Andrew II., basis of the Hungarian const.i.tution.
1226.--Renewal of the League of Lombardy to oppose the Emperor Frederick II.
1227.--Battle of Bornhoeved in Holstein: Waldemar II., King of Denmark, loses his conquests on the southern coast of the Baltic.
1228.--Crusade of the Emperor Frederick II.
1230.--The Teutonic order establishes itself in Prussia.
Conquest of the Balearic islands by the King of Aragon.
1235.--Formation of the Duchy of Brunswick in favor of the house of the Guelphs.
1236.--Conquest of the Kingdoms of Cordova, Murcia and Seville by the Castilians.
1237.--Conquest of Russia by Baton-Khan: origin of the Mogul or Tartar horde of Kaptschak.
1241.--Invasion of Poland, Silesia, and Hungary by the Moguls.
1248.--Crusade of St. Louis, King of France.
1250.--Beginning of the great interregnum in Germany.
1254.--Accessions of the emperors of different houses in Germany. End of the dominion of the Agubites in Egypt and Syria; beginning of the empire of the Mamelukes.
1256.--Enfranchis.e.m.e.nt of the serfs at Bologna in Italy.
1261.--Michel Paleologus, emperor of Nice, takes Constantinople; end of the empire of the Latins.
1265.--Accession of the house of Anjou to the throne of the Two Sicilies.
1266.--Admission of the Commons to the Parliament of England.
1268.--Corradino decapitated at Naples; extinction of the house of Hohenstaufen. Suabia and Franconia become immediate provinces of the empire.
1271.--The county of Toulouse pa.s.ses to the King of France, and the Venaissin to the Pope.
1273.--Accession of the Emperor Rudolph of Hapsburg to the throne of the empire: first election by the seven electors.
1282.--Conquest of Wales by the King of England.
1282.--The Sicilian Vespers, the kingdom of Sicily pa.s.ses to the King of Aragon. The Emperor Rudolph gives to his sons the duchies of Austria; foundation of the house of Hapsburg.
1283.--The Teutonic order completes the conquest of Prussia.
1289.--Extinction of the male line of the old race of Scotch kings. Contest of Baliol and Bruce.
