The Sarva-Darsana-Samgraha Part 39

[Footnote 426: _i.e._, Thus _nirodha_ is not _v?itter abhava?_, but _abhavasyasrya?_.]

[Footnote 427: I read in p. 168, last line, _prakasaprav?ittiniyamarupa_, from Bhoja's comment on i. 12.]

[Footnote 428: See Kasika, ii. 3, 36.]

[Footnote 429: This pa.s.sage probably occurs in the _Yajnavalkya-gita_ of Yogi-yajnavalkya. See Colebrooke's Essays (ed. 2), vol. i. p. 145, note.]

[Footnote 430: Mima?sa Sutras, ii. 1, 35-37.]

[Footnote 431: The tantras are not properly concerned with what is _nitya_ or _naimittika_; they are _kamya_.]

[Footnote 432: The _vija_ of air is the syllable _ja?_.]

[Footnote 433: The _vija_ of water is the syllable _ba?_.]

[Footnote 434: _Hri?._]

[Footnote 435: _Sri?._]

[Footnote 436: _Ta??ava_ is the frantic dance of the G.o.d. Siva and his votaries.]

[Footnote 437: Literally "they take severally in order the gender of one of the two." Cf. "Thebae ipsae quod Botiae caput est," _Livy_, xlii.

44; "Animal hoc providum, acutum, plenum rationis et consilii, quem vocamus hominem," _Cic._, _Legg_, i. 7.]

[Footnote 438: I have borrowed these terms from Ballantyne's translation of the Sahitya-darpa?a.]

[Footnote 439: Qualified indication arises from likeness, as the man is like an ox from his stupidity; pure indication from any other relation, as cause and effect, &c., thus b.u.t.ter is the cause of longevity.]

[Footnote 440: _I.e._, an hour, a _gha?ika_ being twenty-four minutes.]

[Footnote 441: The _na?is_ or tubular vessels are generally reckoned to be 101, with ten princ.i.p.al ones; others make sixteen princ.i.p.al _na?is_. They seem taken afterwards in pairs.]

[Footnote 442: Madhava uses the same ill.u.s.tration in his commentary on the pa.s.sage in the Aitareya Brahma?a (iii. 29), where the relation of the vital airs, the seasons, and the mantras repeated with the offerings to the seasons, is discussed. "The seasons never stand still; following each other in order one by one, as spring, summer, the rains, autumn, the cold and the foggy seasons, each consisting of two months, and so const.i.tuting the year of twelve months, they continue revolving again and again like a waterwheel (_gha?iyantravat_); hence the seasons never pause in their course."]

[Footnote 443: This refers to a peculiar tenet of Hindu mysticism, that each involuntary inspiration and expiration const.i.tutes a mantra, as their sound expresses the word _so'ha?_ (i.e., _ha?sa?_), "I am he." This mantra is repeated 21,600 times in every twenty-four hours; it is called the _aj.a.pamantra_, _i.e._, the mantra uttered without voluntary muttering.]

[Footnote 444: _I.e._, that which conveys the inhaled and the exhaled breath.]

[Footnote 445: I cannot explain this. We might read _guruvar?anam_ for _gu?avar?ana?_, as the time spent in uttering a _guruvar?a_ is a _vipala_, sixty of which make a _pala_, and two and a half _palas_ make a minute; but this seems inconsistent with the other numerical details. The whole pa.s.sage may be compared with the opening of the fifth act of the _Malatimadhava_.]

[Footnote 446: Sixty _palas_ make a _gha?ika_ (50 + 40 + 30 + 20 + 10 = 150, _i.e._, the _palas_ in two and a half _gha?ikas_ or one hour).]

[Footnote 447: Cf. Colebrooke's Essays, vol. i. p. 256.]

[Footnote 448: Literally "the being ever more."]

[Footnote 449: For these colours cf. _Chhandogya Up._, viii. 6; _Maitri Up._, vi. 30.]

[Footnote 450: This is an anonymous quotation in Vyasa's Comm.]

[Footnote 451: This seems a variation of Sloka 7 of the _Am?ita-nada Up._ See Weber, _Indische Stud._, ix. 26.]

[Footnote 452: This is defined in the Yoga Sut., iii. 4, as consisting of the united operation towards one object of contemplation, attention, and meditation.]

[Footnote 453: _I.e._, the internal organ (_chitta_).]

[Footnote 454: This couplet is corrupt in the text. I follow the reading of the Bombay edition of the Pura?a (only reading in line 3 _chalatmanam_).]

[Footnote 455: Vish?u-pur., vi. 7, 45, with one or two variations. The "perfect asylum" is Brahman, formless or possessing form.]

[Footnote 456: The old name for the central part of Bengal.]

[Footnote 457: A country comprising Khandesh and part of Guzerat; it is the ?a???? of Ptolemy.]

[Footnote 458: In p. 178, l. 2, _infra_, read _prav?itta_ for _prav?itti_. Cf. Yoga S., iii. 52 in Bhoja's Comm. (50 in Vyasa's Comm.)]

[Footnote 459: Read _vikara?abhava?_; Vachaspati explains it as "_videhanam indriya?a? kara?abhava?_."]

[Footnote 460: Vyasa has _kara?apanchakarupajaya_; Vachaspati explains _rupa_ by _graha?adi_ (cf. iii. 47).]

[Footnote 461: I read in p. 179, l. 11, _vyava-sayavyavaseyatmakanam_, from Vyasa's Comm.]

[Footnote 462: _I.e._, as past, present, or future.]

[Footnote 463: _Visoka._]

[Footnote 464: This is explained by Vachaspati, "The latent impressions produced by the states of the internal organ called _vyutthana_ (when it is chiefly characterised by 'activity,' or 'darkness,' iii. 9) and _nirodha_ (when it is chiefly characterised by the quality of 'goodness'), are absorbed in the internal organ itself; this in 'egoism' (_asmita_); 'egoism' in the 'merely once resolvable'

(_i.e._, _buddhi_); and _buddhi_ into the 'irresolvable' (_i.e._, _prak?iti_)." _Prak?iti_ consists of the three 'qualities' in equilibrium; and the entire creation, consisting of causes and effects, is the development of these 'qualities' when one or another becomes predominant.]

[Footnote 465: This curious pa.s.sage occurs in the Taittiriya-ara?yaka i. 11, 5. Madhava in his Comment, there explains it of the soul, and quotes the Svetasv. Up., iii. 19. Madhava here takes _avindat_ as "he pierced the jewel," but I have followed his correct explanation in the Comm.]

[Footnote 466: This is taken from Vachaspati's Comm. on Yoga S. ii.

15. Cf. the "four truths" of Buddhism.]

[Footnote 467: This probably refers to the Panchadasi. A Calcutta Pandit told me that it referred to the Prameya-vivara?a-sa?graha (cf.

Dr. Burnell's preface to his edition of the Devatadhyaya-brahma?a, p.

x), but, if this is the same as the vivara?a-prameya-sa?graha, it is by Bharat.i.tirthavidyara?ya (see Dr. Burnell's Cat of Tanjore MSS. p.

88).]

APPENDIX.

ON THE UPaDHI (cf. _supra_, pp. 7, 8, 174, 194).

[As the _upadhi_ or "condition" is a peculiarity of Hindu logic which is little known in Europe, I have added the following translation of the sections in the Bhasha-parichchheda and the Siddhanta-muktavali, which treat of it.]