The Public Orations of Demosthenes Volume II Part 11

-- 333. _of one of whom_, &c.: i.e. of Philip (see -- 111 ff., and Introd.

to Speech on the Peace).

-- 342. _Euthycrates_. See Introd. to Olynthiacs.

ON THE CHERSONESE

-- 9. The argument is, 'if Philip is not committing hostilities so long as he keeps away from Attica, Diopeithes is not doing so, so long as he keeps away from Macedonia, and only operates in Thrace.'

_drive the vessels_, &c. See Speech on the Peace, -- 25 n.

-- 14. _pa.s.sing the time_: i.e. until a convenient season for an attack arrives.

_those who are on the spot_: i.e. in Thrace, and who had doubtless sent messages to Athens. Others think that the words mean 'those who are here from Thrace'.

_Etesian winds_. See First Philippic, -- 31 n.

_infatuation_: i.e. hostility to Athens.

-- 16. _punish the settlers_: i.e. those who were sent with Diopeithes and demanded admission to Cardia.

-- 18. _Chalcis_, in Euboea (see Introd.).

-- 21. _keep our hands ... revenues_: a reference to the distributions of Festival-Money (see Third Olynthiac, with Introduction and notes).

_contributions of the allies_. This interpretation seems on the whole better warranted than 'contributions promised to Diopeithes'.

-- 24. _I consent to any penalty_: lit. *'I a.s.sess my own penalty at anything'--a metaphor from the practice of the law-courts, which allowed a convicted prisoner to propose an alternative penalty to that suggested by the prosecutor.

_Erythraeans_: Erythrae was on the coast of Asia Minor, opposite Chios.

-- 25. _benevolences_: the same word as was used of the forced contributions levied by English kings.

-- 27. _surrendering_: i.e. to his soldiers, to be plundered (if the phrase is meant to convey anything but a vague accusation).

-- 28. _wax-tablet_: i.e. a summons.

_so many ships_. The critics of Diopeithes must have proposed the sending of a definite force to control him.

-- 29. _a dispatch-boat_: lit. 'the _Paralus_'. This ship, and the _Salaminia_, were the two vessels regularly employed on public errands.

_spitefulness_: i.e. towards Diopeithes.

-- 30. _Chares_: see references in n. on Speech on Emba.s.sy, -- 332.

_Aristophon_. The reference may be to his conduct as general in the early days of the war with Philip about Amphipolis. His activity as a statesman began as far back as 403, and he was one of the most influential politicians in Athens from about 361 to 354.

-- 31. _losing something_: _sc_. a scapegoat whom you could punish.

-- 40. _Euthycrates_, &c. See Introd. to Olynthiacs.

-- 44. _wretched hamlets_ ([Greek: kak_on]): lit. 'evils' or 'miseries'; but the word is possibly corrupt. (The original reading may possibly have been [Greek: kalyb_on].) According to the scholiast, Drongilum and Cabyle are near Amphipolis and the Strymon; but others a.s.sign different localities to them. Masteira is quite unknown.

-- 45. _pit of destruction_ ([Greek: barhathrh_o]). This was literally the pit into which the bodies of condemned criminals were thrown at Athens.

_silos_: underground store-houses for grain, such as were found in Ceos not many years ago, and may still be in use.

-- 46. _irremediable_ ([Greek: an_ekeston]). The reading of two good ma.n.u.scripts [Greek: aneikaston] (otherwise only known as a late Greek word) may be correct. If so, it may mean 'unparalleled', or 'inexplicable'.

-- 57. The meaning is, that by denouncing those who propose active measures now, they are preparing the way in order to prosecute them so soon as you find the war burdensome; whereas they should themselves be prosecuted for letting things go as far as they have gone.

-- 59. _Oreus_. See Introd.

_Pheraeans_, in 344. See Introd. to Second Philippic; and cf. Third Philippic, -- 12.

_compromise_. Slavery seems to be ironically regarded as a compromise between activity and quiescence.

-- 63. _robbed of at an earlier period_. The sense must either be this, or else 'all that you have lost in open war '. In either case emendation is required.

-- 70. _trierarch and ch.o.r.egus_. Demosthenes was ch.o.r.egus in 348, and trierarch in 363, 359, and 357.

-- 74. _Timotheus_: in 358, when Athens liberated Euboea from the Thebans.

Cf. First Philippic, -- 17, First Olynthiac, -- 8. The effect of Timotheus'

speech was such that the expedition started within three days. (Speech against Androtion, -- 14.)

-- 75. _best counsel that he can_. The text is probably corrupt; but this was probably the sense of the original.

THE THIRD PHILIPPIC

-- 2. _actively at work_: the reference is to Diopeithes (see Speech on Chersonese, -- 57).

---- 4, 5. Pa.s.sages are repeated from the Speech on the Chersonese, -- 4, and First Philippic, -- 2.

-- 8. _not to defraud us_: i.e. by making statements which he is not prepared to act upon.

-- 11. _as though visiting his allies_. This is not true, though envoys from the Phocians, as from most other Greek states of importance, were in Philip's camp. With the whole pa.s.sage, cf. Speech on Emba.s.sy, ---- 20 ff.

-- 12. _Pherae_. See Speech on Chersonese, -- 59 n. For Oreus see Introd. to Speech on Chersonese, and -- 33 and 59 ff. of this Speech.

-- 15. _Serrhium, &c_. See Introd. to Speech on Peace.

_he had sworn to a Peace_. This is untrue; see Speech on Emba.s.sy, -- 156, where it is part of the charge against Aeschines' party, that they had enabled Philip to take these places _before_ he had sworn to the Peace.

--16. _religion_: with special reference here to the sanct.i.ty of the oath.

_into the Chersonese_: i.e. to help Cardia. The claim of Athens to Cardia was not good, and it appears from the Speech of Hegesippus against Halonnesus, -- 2, that the Athenians had recognized the independence of the town.