The Nuttall Encyclopaedia Part 173

DUCORNET, a French historical-painter, born at Lille; being born without arms, painted with his foot (1805-1856).

DUCOS, ROGER, French politician, born at Bordeaux, member of the National Convention and of the Directory (1754-1816).

DUCROT, a French general, born at Nivers; served in Algeria, in the Italian campaign of 1859, and as head of a division in the German War; was imprisoned for refusing to sign the capitulation treaty of Sedan, but escaped and took part in the defence of Paris when besieged by the Germans (1817-1882).

DU DEFFAND, MARQUISE. See DEFFAND.

DUDLEY (90), the largest town in Worcestershire, 8 m. NW. of Birmingham, in the heart of the "Black Country," with coal-mines, iron-works, and hardware manufactures.

DUDLEY, EDMUND, an English lawyer and privy-councillor; was a.s.sociated with Empson as an agent in carrying on the obnoxious policy of Henry VII., and beheaded along with him at the instance of Henry VIII. on a charge of high treason in 1510.

DUDLEY, JOHN, grand-marshal of England, son of the preceding, father-in-law of Lady Jane Grey; beheaded in 1558 for his part in an insurrection in her favour.

DUFF, ALEXANDER, an eminent Indian missionary, born at Moulin, near Pitlochry, Perthshire; a man of Celtic blood, apostolic zeal, and fervid eloquence; was the first missionary sent out to India by the Church of Scotland; sailed in 1830, returned in 1840, in 1849, and finally in 1863, stirring up each time the missionary spirit in the Church; he was the originator of a new method of missionary operations in the East by the introduction of English as the vehicle of instruction in the Christian faith, which met at first with much opposition, but was finally crowned with conspicuous success; died in Edinburgh (1806-1873).

DUFF, JAMES GRANT, Indian soldier and statesman, born at Banff; conspicuous as a soldier for his services in subduing the Mahratta chiefs, and as a statesman for establishing friendly relations between the Mahrattas and the East India Company (1789-1858).

DUFFERIN, MARQUIS OF, and EARL OF AVA, statesman and diplomatist; held office under Lord John Russell and Mr. Gladstone; was in succession Governor-General of Canada, amba.s.sador first at St.

Petersburg, then at Constantinople, and finally Governor-General of India; has since acted as amba.s.sador at Rome and Paris; is a man of literary as well as administrative ability; _b_. 1826.

DUFFY, SIR CHARLES GAVAN, an Irish patriot, born in co. Monaghan; bred for the bar; took to journalism in the interest of his country's emanc.i.p.ation; was one of the founders of the _Nation_ newspaper; was twice over tried for sedition, but acquitted; emigrated at length to Australia, where he soon plunged into Colonial politics, and in his political capacity rendered distinguished services to the Australian colonies, especially in obtaining important concessions from the mother-country; he is the author of the "Ballad Poetry of Ireland," and an interesting record of his early experiences in "Young Ireland"; _b_.

1816.

DUFOUR, a Swiss general, born at Constance; commanded the army directed against the SONDERBUND (q. v.), and brought the war there to a close (1787-1875).

DUFRESNE, CHARLES. See DU CANGE.

DUFRESNY, French painter and poet, born at Paris (1765-1825).

DUFRESNY, CHARLES RIVIeRE, French dramatist, a universal genius, devoted to both literature and the arts; held in high esteem by Louis XIV.; wrote a number of comedies, revealing a man of the world, instinct with wit, and careless of style (1648-1724).

DUGDALE, SIR WILLIAM, antiquary, born in Warwickshire; was made Chester herald, accompanied Charles I. throughout the Civil War; his chief work was the "Monastic.u.m Anglicanum," which he executed conjointly with Roger Duckworth; wrote also on the antiquities of Warwickshire and heraldry; left 27 folio MSS. now in the Bodleian Library (1605-1686).

DUGOMMIER, French general, pupil of Washington, born at Guadeloupe; distinguished himself in Italy; commanded at the siege of Toulon, which he took; fell at the battle of Sierra-Negra, in Spain, which he had invaded (1736-1794).

DUGUAY-TROUIN, RENe, a celebrated French sea-captain, born at St.

Malo; distinguished at first in privateer warfare during the reign of Louis XIV., and afterwards as a frigate captain in the royal navy, to which the royal favour promoted him; was much beloved by the sailors and subordinate officers; died poor (1673-1736).

DU GUESCLIN, BERTRAND, constable of France, born in Cotes du Nord; one of the most ill.u.s.trious of French war-captains, and distinguished as one or the chief instruments in expelling the English from Normandy, Guienne, and Poitou; was taken prisoner at the battle of Auray in 1364, but ransomed for 100,000 francs, and again by the Black Prince, but soon liberated; he was esteemed for his valour by foe and friend alike, and he was buried at St. Denis in the tomb of the kings of France (1314-1380).

DUHESME, a French general; covered with wounds at Waterloo, he was cruelly ma.s.sacred by the Brunswick hussars in the house to which he had fled for refuge (1760-1815).

DUILIUS, CAIUS, a Roman consul; distinguished for having on the coast of Sicily gained the first naval victory recorded in the annals of Rome, 260 B.C.

DULCE DOMUM (for Sweet Home), a song sung by the pupils at Winchester College on the approach of and at the break-up of the school for the summer holidays.

DULCINEA DEL TOBOSA, the name Don Quixote gave to his beloved Aldonza Lorenzo, a coa.r.s.e peasant-girl of Tobosa, conceived by him as a model of all feminine perfection, and as such adored by him.

DULIA, an inferior kind of worship paid to angels and saints, in contradistinction to LATRIA (q. v.).

DULONG, a French chemist, born at Rouen; discoverer, by accidental explosion, of the chloride of nitrogen (1785-1838).

DULUTH (52), a port on Lake Superior, with a fine harbour, and a great centre of commerce.

DULWICH, a southern Surrey suburb of London, with a flourishing college founded in 1619, and a picture gallery attached, rich especially in Dutch paintings. See ALLEYN, EDWARD.

DUMACHUS, the impenitent thief, figures in Longfellow's "Golden Legend" as one of a band of robbers who attacked St. Joseph on his flight into Egypt.

DUMAS, ALEXANDRE, THE ELDER, a celebrated French author, born at Villers-Cotterets, son of General Dumas, a Creole; lost his father at four, and led for a time a miscellaneous life, till, driven by poverty, he came to Paris to seek his fortune; here he soon made his mark, and became by-and-by the most popular dramatist and romancier of his time; his romances are numerous, and he reached the climax of his fame by the production of "Monte Cristo" in 1844, and the "Three Musketeers" the year after; he was unhappy in his marriage and with his wife, as afterwards, he squandered his fortune in reckless extravagance; before the end it was all spent, and he died at Dieppe, broken in health and impaired in intellect, ministered to by his son and daughter (1806-1876).

DUMAS, ALEXANDRE, THE YOUNGER or _fils_, dramatist and novelist, born in Paris, son of the preceding; he made his _debut_ as a novelist with "La Dame aux Camelias" in 1848, which was succeeded by a number of other novels; he eventually gave himself up to the production of dramas, in which he was more successful than in romance (1824-1895).

DUMAS, JEAN BAPTISTE ANDRe, a distinguished French chemist, born at Alais; was admitted to the Academie francaise at the age of 25; at the Revolution of 1848 he became a member of the National a.s.sembly; was created a senator under the Empire, but retired into private life after Sedan; he was distinguished for his studies in chemistry, both theoretical and practical, and ranks among the foremost in the science (1800-1884).

DU MAURIER, artist, born in Paris; started in London as a designer of wood engravings; did ill.u.s.trations for _Once a Week_, the _Cornhill Magazine, &c._., and finally joined the staff of _Punch_, to which he contributed numerous clever sketches; he published a novel, "Peter Ibbetson," in 1891, which was succeeded in 1895 by "Trilby," which had such a phenomenal success in both England and America (1834-1897).