The Makers of Canada: Index and Dictionary of Canadian History Part 82

=Yonge Street, Toronto.= Originally an Indian trail leading to Lake Simcoe. Built as a bush road by Simcoe in 1794. Named after Sir George Yonge, then secretary for war. =Index=: =BL= Named in honour of the then secretary for war, 8. =Bib.=: Robertson, _Landmarks of Toronto_.

=York.= =S= Name Toronto officially changed to, 203; name York previously in use, 203. =Bk= Fortifications begun at, 182. =BL= Becomes seat of government, 8; incorporated as city of Toronto, 16; origin of Spadina Avenue, 26; Baldwin elected for, 31; Parliament house; 33; munic.i.p.al government in, 298. _See also_ Toronto.

=York and Albany, Frederick Augustus, Duke of= (1763-1827). Second son of George III. Commanded British army in Flanders, 1793-1795.

Commander-in-chief, 1798-1809. =Index=: =Bk= Takes command of expedition to Holland, 15, 21. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=York Factory.= One of the princ.i.p.al establishments of the Hudson's Bay Company, near the mouth of Hayes River, north bank. The first trading post here, or near here, was Fort Nelson, built in 1669. Throughout the eighteenth century, this was the princ.i.p.al post of the Company, in charge of a governor, with a considerable staff. It was the starting-point of the explorations of Henry Kellsey in 1692, of Anthony Hendry in 1754, and of Matthew c.o.c.king in 1772, and was the gateway to the vast interior country, the recognized route being the Hayes River.

=Index=: =MS= Red River settlers winter near, 153-155. _See also_ Port Nelson. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_.

=Yorke, Charles= (1722-1770). =Dr= Attorney-general of England, his views on Canadian laws, 62.

=Yorke, Sir Joseph Sydney= (1768-1831). Entered the navy in 1780; in 1781 joined the _Duke_ and later the _Formidable_, both under Sir Charles Douglas. In 1785 served on the flagship of Commodore John Elliot on the Newfoundland station, and afterwards on the _Adamant_ under Sir Richard Hughes at Halifax. In 1789 lieutenant; in 1790 commander; in 1793 captain; in 1810 a lord of the Admiralty. Sent to Lisbon in 1811 with reinforcements, the arrival of which compelled the French under Ma.s.sena to retreat from Torres Vedras. In 1814 vice-admiral; and admiral, 1830. =Index=: =Hd= Recommends Haldimand and Bouquet for command in America, 9-10; Haldimand's description of, 327; Haldimand visits, 337. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Young, George Paxton= (1819-1889). Born at Berwick-upon-Tweed. Educated at the University of Edinburgh; came to Canada, 1847; minister of Knox Church, Hamilton, 1850-1853. Joined the faculty of Knox College the latter year, where he filled various chairs in succession until 1864.

Employed by Dr. Ryerson for several years in reorganizing the grammar schools of Ontario. In 1871 succeeded Dr. Beaven as professor of logic, metaphysics, and ethics in Toronto University, holding the position up to the time of his death. =Index=: =R= Appointed inspector of grammar schools, 1863, 255; reports on defects in the system, 255-257; examines results of Grammar School Act of 1865, 260. =Bib.=: Duncan, _George Paxton Young_ in _Univ. of Tor. Monthly_; Dent, _Can. Por._

=Young, George Renny= (1800?-1847). Born in Scotland; a brother of Sir William Young (_q.v._). Founded the _Nova Scotian_ newspaper in 1824, and edited it until 1828. For several years a member of the Legislative a.s.sembly of Nova Scotia; and also of the Executive Council. =Index=: =H= Son of John Young, author of _Letters of Agricola_, 8; Speaker of Nova Scotia Legislature, 99-100; a.s.sociated with organization of Company to build Intercolonial, 99-100; attacked by Lord Falkland, 100; offered seat in Council by Sir John Harvey, 103; declines office, 104; elected for Halifax, 106; member of the Uniacke administration, 110; resigns from government, 132. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Young, James.= =B= On George Brown's att.i.tude in the Legislature at Quebec, 65; describes Brown's personal appearance, 73.

=Young, John= (1773-1837). Born in Falkirk, Scotland. Educated at Glasgow University; emigrated to Canada, 1814. In 1818 published a series of letters under the nom-de-plume of "Agricola," in the _Halifax Recorder_. These letters drew attention to the backward state of agriculture in Nova Scotia and led to the establishment of a Board of Agriculture, of which he was appointed secretary. In 1822 the letters were published in book form with the t.i.tle _Letters of Agricola on the Principles of Vegetation and Tillage_. From 1825 to 1837 represented Sydney in the Nova Scotia a.s.sembly. Took an active part in the formation of agricultural societies. =Index=: =H= Author of _Letters of Agricola_, 6; member of Nova Scotia a.s.sembly, 1837, 35; proposes conciliatory resolutions as to the Legislative Council, 38-39. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Young, John= (1811-1878). Born at Ayr, Scotland. Came to Canada, 1826.

In 1837 raised a regiment of volunteers and served during the Rebellion.

In 1841 partner of the firm of Stephens, Young & Company of Montreal; connected with the construction in 1845 of the railway line to Portland, Maine, through which Montreal secured a winter port. It was largely by his efforts that the railway from Montreal to Kingston was built; and the Victoria Bridge, the deepening of Lake St. Peter, and the enlargement of the Welland, St. Lawrence, and Lachine ca.n.a.ls were also due to a considerable extent to his broad policy. In 1851 commissioner of public works in the Hincks-Morin Cabinet. During his brief administration organized the Canadian exhibit at London, 1851; and subsidized steamships between Montreal and Liverpool. =Index=: =E= Commissioner of public works in Hincks-Morin ministry, 113; resigns and replaced by J. Chabot, 126. =Bib.=: Dent, _Last Forty Years_.

=Young, Sir John.= _See_ Lisgar.

=Young, Sir William= (1799-1887). Born at Falkirk, Scotland. Educated at Glasgow University. Came to Nova Scotia; studied law, and called to the bar of that province, 1826. In 1832 elected to the a.s.sembly for Cape Breton. In 1835 called to the bar of Prince Edward Island. In 1838-1839 took part in the negotiations that followed the Rebellion in Lower Canada, and his report on the alleged grievances was included in that of Lord Durham. In 1842 appointed a member of the Executive Council, and Speaker of the a.s.sembly, 1843-1854; premier of the province, 1854-1857; and again in 1860. In 1860 appointed chief-justice of Nova Scotia, retiring after twenty-one years' service. Knighted, 1868. =Index=: =H= Political leader in Nova Scotia, and afterwards chief-justice of the province, 6; sent as delegate to England to urge granting of representative government to Nova Scotia, 51, 56; appointed to Executive Council, 1843, 75; elected Speaker the same year, 75; reelected Speaker, 1848, 107; attorney-general and leader of government, 146; his government sustained, 157; non-committal att.i.tude of, on Irish Roman Catholic question, 163; chief justice of Nova Scotia, 169. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_; Saunders, _Three Premiers of Nova Scotia_.

=Young, Sir William A. G.= (1827-1885). Secretary to the North American Boundary Commission, 1856; colonial secretary and auditor of British Columbia, 1859; colonial secretary of Vancouver Island, 1864; administrator of the government there, 1866. Subsequently appointed governor of the Gold Coast.

=Yukon River.= Rises at the headwaters of the Nisutlin, and empties into Bering Sea, after a course of 1765 miles. The lower waters of the river were explored by Glazunof in 1836 or 1837; and a Russian post was built at Nulato, about four hundred miles above the mouth, in 1838. In 1843, Zagoskin carried the exploration up to the mouth of the Nowikakat. In 1846, John Bell, of the Hudson's Bay Company, reached the Yukon by way of the Porcupine; and in 1847 Alexander H. Murray, of the same Company, built Fort Yukon, at the mouth of the Porcupine. Robert Campbell explored the Pelly and Yukon, down to the mouth of the Porcupine, in 1840-1850. =Index=: =MS= Mackenzie establishes existence and course of, 50; makes inquiries concerning, 55. =D= Operations of Hudson's Bay Company on, 123; explored by Robert Campbell, 125. =Bib.=: Dall, _Alaska_; Bancroft, _History of Alaska_; Campbell, _Discovery of the Youcon_; Whymper, _Travel and Adventure in Alaska_; Murray, _Journal of the Yukon_ (Archives, Pub. 4); Dawson, _Report on the Yukon_ (Geol.

Survey Report, 1887-1888).

=Yverdun.= =Hd= Home of the Haldimand family, 2, 3; visited by Haldimand, 113, 116; his death there, June 5, 1791, 340; its inst.i.tutions remembered in his will, 342.

=Zollverein.= =Md= Proposed by b.u.t.terworth in United States Congress, as a method of fiscal union with Canada, 295. _See also_ Commercial Union.

=Bib.=: Willison, _Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party_.

Ma.n.u.sCRIPT SOURCES IN THE DOMINION ARCHIVES

CHAMPLAIN

Correspondance Generale, North America-Acadia, 1603-1632, Serie F, Volume No. 112. Colonial Office Records, 1603, 1635, Serie M, Volume No.

395. Correspondance Generale, Acadia, 1605, Serie F, Volume No. 125.

Suggestions to the King by M. de Monts for the discovery and settlement of the Coasts and Lands of Acadia, Serie F, Volume No. 125. Letters from the King and the Duke of Montmorency, 1620-1621, Serie F, Volume No.

177. Papers relating to the Company of New France, 1624-1660, Serie F, Volume No. 1. Letters Patent of the Hundred a.s.sociates. Restoration of Canada to the French, 1632, Serie F, Volume No. 110. English and French Correspondence on the Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye, 1632, Serie F, Volume No. 176. Papers on the Establishment of Three Rivers. Papers on the English Grants in Nova Scotia, 1632, Serie M, Volume 371. Papers relating to the Jesuits and to other subjects.

LAVAL

Mandements of the Bishops, Serie M, Volume No. 179. Jesuit Relations.

Acts of Fealty and Homage, Serie M, Volumes No. 1-8. Correspondence of Governors D'Argenson and D'Avaugour, 1658-1663, Colonial Records, Nova Scotia, 1658-1688, Serie M, Volume No. 395. Memoires of the Church, 1658, Serie F, Volumes No. 127, 128. Doc.u.ments copied at Rome, Serie M, Volume 128. Correspondence of Governor de Mesy, 1663-1665.

Correspondence of Colbert with Talon, 1663-1667, Serie F, Volumes No. 2, 3, 4. Insinuations du Conseil Souverain, 1663-1758, Serie M, Volumes No.

60-67. Register of Royal Orders and other despatches for the Cie des Indes Orientales and Occidentales de France, 1663-1688, Serie F, 206-218. Letter of Father L'Allemant, 1664, Serie M, Volume No. 130.

Letter of Governor de Courcelles, 1665-1667, Serie F, Volume No. 177.

Papers relating to the establishment of the Quebec Seminary, 1668.

Expeditions Baie du Nord. Correspondence of the Governor and the Intendant with the Minister, 1672-1681, Serie F, Volume No. 5. Disputes with the Governor, Collection Moreau St. Mery, Volume 78. Correspondence of Colbert with Governor and Intendant, 1682-1684, Serie F, Volume No.

6. Relation du Voyage au Nord de l'Amerique, 1682-1684, Serie M, Volume No. 193. _See also_ Calendars Dominion Archives.

FRONTENAC

General references in Collection Moreau St. Mery. Correspondance Generale North America-Canada, 1654, 1790, Serie F, Volume 175. Canada and ile Royale, detached companies, 1658-1736, Serie F, Volume No. 249.

Collection Moreau St. Mery, 1670-1699, Serie F, Volumes No. 178, 178 _E_, 193. Register of despatches of Les Indes Occidentales, 1671-1682, Serie F, Volumes No. 208-213. Correspondance Generale, North America-Acadia, 1671-1685, Serie F, Volume No. 112. Correspondance Generale, Letters to and from the King, the Ministers, and others, 1672-1698, Serie F, Volumes 177-178_E_. Officers on Staff, 1672, Serie F, Volume No. 276. Correspondence and papers, 1673-1678, Serie F, Volume No. 4. Dispute with Bishops, 1674, Collection Moreau St. Mery, Volume No. 78. Miscellaneous papers, 1675-1681, Serie F, Volume No. 5.

Correspondance Generale, Louisiana, 1678-1706. Dispute with d.u.c.h.esneau, 1679-1681, Serie F, Volumes No. 176-177. Posts in the Western Country, Serie F, Volume No. 126. Papers relating to the banishment of D'Auteuil, 1681, Collection St. Mery, Volume No. 78. Miscellaneous Papers, 1682-1684, Serie F, Volume No. 6. Correspondance Generale, North America-New France, Boundary regulations, 1685, Serie F, Volume No. 113.

Correspondance Generale, North America-Acadia, 1686-1699, Serie F, Volumes No. 114, 115, 116, 117. Letters and Memoirs of Champigny, 1687-1698, Serie F, Volumes No. 176, 176_a_, 176_b_, 176_d_, 176_e_.

Correspondence of Champigny with the Minister, 1687-1702, Serie F, Volumes No. 9-20. Register of Despatches, Les Indes Occidentales, 1688-1699, Serie F, Volumes No. 218, 266, 273. The Establishment of Trading Posts, Serie F, Volume No. 129. Rivalry between English and French Colonies, 1689, Serie F, Volume No. 174. Correspondence with the Minister, Serie F, Volumes No. 11, 12, 13, 14. Correspondance Generale, Acadia, 1692-1693, Serie F, Volume No. 125. Correspondance Generale, 2d Serie, 1692-1699, Serie F, Volumes No. 110 and 110 _bis_. Civil and Military Officers, Canada, 1692, Serie F, Volume No. 283. Posts in the Upper Country, North America, 1690-1704, Serie F, Volume No. 130. Troops and Companies serving in the Colonies, Serie F, Volume No. 277. Canada and ile Royale, General Staff, 1694, Serie F, Volume No. 280. Letters of the Lords of Trade, 1698-1700, Serie M, Volume No. 381. _See also_ Alphabet-Lafilard, 1627-1780, Serie F, Volumes No. 284-285. Archives de Saint-Servan, Serie F, Volume No. 260. Inventaire des doc.u.ments historiques, Province de Quebec, 1638-1759, Serie M, Volume No. 843.

Parkman Papers, Serie M, Volume No. 664. Hudson's Bay Memorial Book, 1680-1688, Serie M, Volume No. 710. Papers of the Hudson's Bay Company, Serie M, Volume No. 372. Prevote de Quebec, 1694-1696, Serie M, Volumes No. 611-613. Hudson's Bay, State Papers, 1673-1696, Serie M, Volume No.

394.

MONTCALM AND WOLFE

Examination of prisoner taken at Crown Point, 1755, Serie M, Volume No.

99. The Conquest of Canada, Shirley, Serie M, Volume No. 204. Operations of General Webb, 1756, Serie M, Volume No. 205. Miscellaneous Correspondence on the Conquest of Canada, Serie M, Volumes No. 203-221.

Official Despatch on the Battle of the Plains, by General Townshend, Serie M, Volume No. 210. Operations at Fort Oswego, 1756, Serie M, Volume No. 205. Correspondance du Marquis de Montcalm conservee par son arriere pet.i.t-fils, le Marquis Victor de Montcalm, 1756-1759, Serie M, Volume No. 129. Secret and Miscellaneous Papers relating to the Conquest of Canada, 1756-1761, Serie M, Volume No. 203. Military Despatches, 1756-1760, Serie M, Volumes No. 307-308. Dartmouth Papers, 1757-1772, Serie M, Volumes No. 383-385. Logs of the British Fleet before Louisbourg, 1758, Serie M, Volumes No. 785-787 _B_. Logs of the British Fleet before Quebec in 1759, Serie M, Volumes No. 594-604. Military Despatches, General Amherst, 1758-1762, Serie M, Volumes No. 211-220 and Volume No. 309. Papers of Admiral Saunders, 1759, Serie M, Volume No. 210. Wolfe's letters to Lord Holderness, 1759, Serie M, Volume No.

123. Orders issued by General Wolfe in 1759, Serie M, Volume No. 413.

Capitulation of Quebec, 1759, Serie M, Volume No. 663. List of Officers present at the Siege of Quebec in 1759, Serie M, Volume No. 607. Memoir of the Siege by Quarter-Master John Johnson, 1759-1760, Serie M, Volume No. 132. Journal of James Thompson, 1759, Serie M, Volume No. 667.

Admiralty Despatches, 1759-1760, Serie M, Volume No. 652. Muster Rolls of the 15th Regiment, 1760. Capitulation of Montreal, 1760, Serie M, Volume No. 663. Treaty of Paris. Reflexions et notes sur le Canada, 1760, Serie M, Volume No. 99. Extracts from letters of General Murray.

Conquest of Canada. J. Atkin, Conquest of Canada, Serie M, 1756-1760, Volume No. 205, 1-2, and Volume No. 221. Conquest of Canada, Earl Loudou, Serie M, Volumes No. 205, 207, 208. Conquest of Canada, General Hopson, 1757, Serie M, Volume No. 207, Pts. 1-2. Conquest of Canada, Abercromby's Campaign, 1756, Serie M, Volumes No. 205 and 209. Conquest of Canada, General Forbes, Serie M, Volume No. 209, Pts. 1-2. Expedition of Sir John Mourdant, 1755-1757, Serie M, Volume No. 206. Parkman Papers, Serie M, Volume No. 664. Inventaire des Doc.u.ments historiques, Province de Quebec, Serie M, Volume No. 843. Prevote de Quebec, 1755-1757, Serie M, Volumes No. 629-630. Correspondence of Louis Antoine de Bougainville, Serie M, Volume No. 392, Pts. 1, 2, 3. Correspondence of Vaudreuil, Bigot, and Montcalm with the Minister, Serie F, Volumes No. 101-105, 168-174, 176, 202-204. Copy of various letters and doc.u.ments relating to the Siege of Quebec and the Plains of Abraham, Serie M, Volume No. 794. Services of Vaudreuil, French Serie D, 2, Volume No. 4. Military Officers in the Colony, 1758-1761, French Serie D, 2, Volume 63. Correspondence of Vaudreuil, Bigot, Montcalm, in the Minutes (French) (a.n.a.lyzed in Report for 1905, Volume No. 1), French Serie B, Volumes No. 101-112.

AMERICAN COLONIES

Reports, 1721-1762, Serie M, Volume No. 375. The Claus Papers, Serie M, Volumes No. 104-115. The Kennebec Grants, 1752-1762, Serie M, Volume No.

370. Papers relating to Braddock and Boscawen, Serie M, Volume No. 204, Pt. 1-2. The Surrender of Fort Beausejour, 1755, Serie M, Volume No.

123, Pt. 3. Letters from Bigot, Vaudreuil, and Levis, 1759-1760, Serie F, Volume No. 111. Memoir on Bigot, Serie M, Volume No. 126.

HALDIMAND