The Makers of Canada: Index and Dictionary of Canadian History Part 73

=Stadacone.= An Indian town, which stood near the mouth of the St.

Charles River, in what is now the city of Quebec. It was occupied by a tribe of the Huron-Iroquois race, of which Donnacona was chief in 1535, when Jacques Cartier brought his little fleet to anchor in the St.

Charles.

=Stairs, W. J.= =H= President of Anti-Confederation League, Nova Scotia, 192; correspondence with Joseph Howe, 192-197.

=Stamford, Katherine.= =S= Maiden name of Simcoe's mother, 15.

=Stamp Act.= =Dr= Effect of, in Canada, 33, 57.

=Stanley, Lord.= _See_ Derby.

=Stanmore, Sir Arthur Hamilton Gordon, Baron= (1829- ). =Md= Lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, at first opposes Confederation, but later exerts all his influence in its favour, 121-122. =B= Son of Earl of Aberdeen, opposed to Confederation, 187; reverses his att.i.tude on instructions from colonial office, 187-188. =W= Organizes first military camp in New Brunswick, 136. =T= Hostile to Confederation, 97; son of Lord Aberdeen, 97; strong advocate of maritime union, 97; under pressure from England, favours Confederation, 98; relations with A. J.

Smith, 103-104. =Bib.=: _Who's Who_, 1910.

=Star.= Newspaper published at Cobourg; established 1828. =Index=: =B= Estimate of George Brown, 72-73.

=Star.= Newspaper published at Toronto; established 1892. =Index=: =Mc= Opinion of Mackenzie, 4; on rebellion, 13; on Mackenzie as a reformer, 522.

=State Church.= =Sy= Provision made for, by Clergy Reserves, 77. _See also_ Clergy Reserves.

=Steadman, James.= =T= Postmaster-general, 51.

=Steamship Service.= The first steam vessel in Canadian waters was the _Accommodation_, which made her first trip between Montreal and Quebec in 1809. She was followed by the _Swift Sure_ in 1811. The _General Smyth_ made her first journey on the St. John River in 1816; and the _Frontenac_ was the pioneer steamer on Lake Ontario, 1817. The first vessel to cross the Atlantic under steam was the _Royal William_, built at Quebec, 1830-1831, and crossed the Atlantic, 1833. The _Unicorn_, built by Samuel Cunard, sailed from Liverpool to Halifax in 1840. The _Britannia_ followed the same year. The Allan Line began its career in 1852, the Dominion Line in 1870, the Canadian Pacific Steamship Line in 1859, and the Canadian Northern in 1910. =Index=: =H= Ocean service advocated by Joseph Howe, 232-234; established by Samuel Cunard, 234.

_See also_ Allan; Cunard; Molson; _Accommodation_; _Royal William_.

=Bib.=: Johnson, _First Things in Canada_.

=Steeves, William Henry= (1814-1873). Born at Hillsborough, New Brunswick. Represented Albert County in the a.s.sembly, 1846-1851; member of Legislative Council, 1851-1867; surveyor-general, 1854-1855; commissioner of public works, 1855-1856, and 1857-1863; member of Intercolonial Railway Council, 1862; delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 1864; and Quebec Conference, 1864; called to the Senate, 1867. =Index=: =T= Member of New Brunswick government, 33, 43; delegate to England, 56; New Brunswick delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 73.

=Bib.=: Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.

=Steinhauer, Henry Bird= (1804-1885). A full-blooded Chippewa Indian.

Born in the Ramah Indian settlement, Lake Simcoe, Ontario. Adopted in early life by a Pennsylvania family whose name he took and by whom he was educated. About 1840 went to the North-West with the Rev. James Evans. Established himself at Norway House, where he remained for fifteen years. a.s.sisted Evans in his invention of the Cree syllabic characters. Translated almost the whole of the Old Testament, and the greater part of the New Testament, into Cree. About 1858 removed to Whitefish Lake and established the Methodist mission there.

=Steuben, Frederick William Augustus Henry Ferdinand, Baron von= (1730-1794). Served through Seven Years' War. In 1777 offered his services to the Continental Congress, and attached to main army under Washington, who made him inspector-general. Promoted major-general at Yorktown. =Index=: =S= Stores guarded by, captured by Queen's Rangers, 34. =Hd= Sent as envoy to demand surrender of western forts, 259.

=Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Stevens.= =WM= Hostage, escapes from Quebec, 125.

=Stevenson, Captain.= =S= Accompanies Simcoe to Canada, 47.

=Stewart, Alexander= (1794-1868). Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Engaged in West India trade. Afterwards studied law and called to the bar of Nova Scotia, 1822. Elected to the a.s.sembly, 1826; member of the Legislative Council, 1837; and of the Executive Council, 1840. In 1846 appointed Master of the Rolls and judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court.

=Index=: =H= His independent att.i.tude in Nova Scotia a.s.sembly, 18, 35; standing in public life of the province, 35; deserts popular party, 41; delegate of Legislative Council to England to oppose representative government, 52, 56. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_; Saunders, _Three Premiers of Nova Scotia_.

=Stewart, Sir William= (1774-1827). British general. =Index=: =Bk= In command of marines in expedition to Baltic, 24, 29; organizes Rifle Brigade, 25. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Stikine River.= Rises in northern British Columbia and flows into the Pacific, through Alaskan territory, after a course of 335 miles. The name is a corruption of the Thlinkit word _sta-hane_, meaning "the river." The mouth of the river was visited by Captain Cleveland in 1799.

The Russians built Fort Dionysius there, in 1834, on the site of the present town of Wrangell. Three years later, the post was acquired by the Hudson's Bay Company, and renamed Fort Stikine. The upper waters of the river were visited by J. McLeod, of the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1834. The river was explored in 1863 by Lieutenant Pereleshin, of the Russian navy; and in 1866-1867 by the surveyors of the Western Union Telegraph Company. =Index=: =D= Attempt to establish Hudson's Bay Company fort there in 1834 frustrated by Russians, 119-120; Russians hand over their fort at mouth of river to Hudson's Bay Company, 121.

=Bib.=: Blake, _Geographical Notes upon Russian America and the Stickeen River_; Dawson, _Report on Yukon District_ (Geol. Survey Report, 1887-1888).

=Stills=. =S= Taxes imposed upon, by Legislature of Upper Canada, 92.

=Stirling, Sir William Alexander, Earl of= (1567?-1640). King James gave him a patent, September, 1621, to the territory now embracing the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and the Gaspe peninsula. To further the colonization of his huge domain, Alexander inst.i.tuted the baronetcy of New Scotland, or Nova Scotia. In 1628 the first colonists were landed at Port Royal. =Index=: =Ch= Equips vessel to operate against French colonies, 176; grant to, of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, etc., 223. _See_ Baronets of Nova Scotia. =Bib.=: Biggar, _Early Trading Companies of New France_; Rogers, _The Earl of Stirling's Register of Royal Letters Relative to the Affairs of Scotland and Nova Scotia_; Alexander, _An Encouragement to Colonies_ in Laing, _Royal Letters Relating to Colonization of New Scotland_; Patterson, _Sir William Alexander_ (R. S. C., 1892); Kirke, _The First English Conquest of Canada_.

=Stisted, Sir Henry William=. Educated at Sandhurst and entered the army as ensign, 1835. Served through the Persian War and the Indian Mutiny.

Made major-general, 1864, and divisional commander of the troops in Upper Canada, 1866. Appointed first lieutenant-governor of Ontario, 1867; held office until July 14, 1868. Returned to England; knighted, 1871. Died in England, 1875. =Bib.=: Read, _Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada_.

=Stobo, Robert=. =WM= Former hostage with French, acts as guide to Carleton above Quebec, 124; said to have pointed out Le Foulon to Wolfe, 168.

=Stoney Creek, Battle of=. Took place on June 5, 1813, when the American troops, under Generals Chandler and Minder, were defeated by the British forces under Colonel (afterwards General) Harvey. The defeat was decisive, the two American generals being captured. It was a turning-point in the Niagara campaign. =Bib.=: Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_; Richardson, _War of 1812_; Brymner, _Battle of Stoney Creek_.

_See also_ War of 1812.

=Stopford, Major=. =Dr= Commands force at Chambly, 93.

=Strachan, John= (1778-1867). Born in Aberdeen, Scotland. Graduated at King's College, Aberdeen, 1796. Came to Canada, 1799, and opened a school at Kingston. Ordained deacon, 1803, and priest, 1804. Became rector of York, 1812; archdeacon, 1827; and bishop of Toronto, 1839.

Appointed to the Executive Council, 1815; and to the Legislative Council, 1818; remained a member of the former until 1836, and of the Legislative Council until 1841. =Index=: =R= Comes to Canada, 1799, to inaugurate educational policy, 36; his character, 37; takes orders in Church of England, and appointed rector of York, 37; called to Executive Council, 37, 46; his ambitious plans, 38; becomes archdeacon of York, 1827, 46; his commanding influence, 46; a.s.serts pretensions of Church of England, 49; proposes sale of Clergy Reserves, 50; his sermon, 1826, 50-51, 63; his educational policy, 52; chairman of Board of Education, 58; asks legislative aid for theological students, 59; development of his policy, and of opposition to it, 61-63; outlines his views in sermon on death of bishop of Quebec, 67; visits England, 72; has bill introduced in Imperial Parliament for sale of portion of Reserves, 72; secures charter of King's College, 72-73; becomes first president, 73; his letter to Horton on church establishment in Upper Canada, 72; his ecclesiastical chart, 74; counter chart prepared by Dr. Lee, 75; evidence laid before parliamentary committee, 75; his speech before Legislative Council, 1828, 75-76; Ryerson's reply, 76-79; his fight for denominational schools, 243. =S= His arrival in Canada, 170; becomes bishop, 171. =Sy= Bishop of Toronto, his opposition to Sydenham's Clergy Reserves Bill, 247. =B= Denounces bill for secularization of King's College, 8; his environment, 260. =BL= Head of Home District Grammar School, 25, 106; Robert Baldwin one of his pupils, 25; and King's College, 192-193; leads opposition to Baldwin's University Bill, 195, 196; referred to by George Brown, 224; leads agitation against Baldwin's University Bill, 295; raises funds for an Anglican ministry, 295-296.

=E= Secures charter for King's College, 93; deeply incensed at secularization of King's College, 94; his mistaken policy, 94-95; establishes Trinity College, 95; his uncompromising att.i.tude in settlement of Clergy Reserves, 150; induces Sir John Colborne to create and endow forty-four rectories, 154; his report on this question, 156; dominant influence in Legislative Council, 157; opposes division of the Reserves, 159, 160; his final discomfiture, 169. =Mc= Proposes provincial university, 95. =Md= First bishop of Toronto, opposes secularization of King's College, 29-30; also opposes secularization of Clergy Reserves, 59. =W= His charter for King's College, Upper Canada, 51. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; Dent, _Can.

Por._; Bethune, _Memoir of Bishop Strachan_; Mockridge, _The Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and Newfoundland_.

=Strathcona and Mount Royal, Donald Alexander Smith, Baron= (1820- ).

Born in Archieston, Morayshire, Scotland. Entered the service of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1838, and spent thirteen years at various trading-posts on the Labrador coast. Moved to the North-West, becoming chief factor, 1862; and afterwards resident governor and chief commissioner. Appointed by the Dominion government, in 1869, special commissioner to investigate the Riel Rebellion. Member of first Executive Council of the North-West Territories, 1870; represented Winnipeg in Manitoba Legislature, 1871-1874; elected for Selkirk to Dominion House, 1871, 1872, 1874, 1878; and represented West Montreal, 1887-1896. Appointed high commissioner for Canada in London, 1896.

Knighted, 1886, and in 1897 raised to the peerage. =Index=: =D= Dugald McTavish succeeds, at Montreal, 1870, 265; drives last spike of Canadian Pacific Railway, Nov. 7, 1885, 326. =MS= Serves under Sir George Simpson in Hudson's Bay Company, 228; chief factor (1861), 228; serves in Labrador, 228. =Md= Takes part in debate on Pacific Scandal, 210; feels that the future of the West depends on Macdonald's return to power, 236; public spirit shown by, in building of the Canadian Pacific Railway, 237. =Bib.=: Willson, _Lord Strathcona_; Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Who's Who_. _See also_ Riel Rebellion, 1869-1870.

=Street, George F.= =W= Solicitor-general of Brunswick, 34.

=Street, John Ambrose.= =W= Supports the governor of New Brunswick, 46.

=T= Attorney-general and leader of government, 19; introduces railway resolutions, 26, 53. =Bib.=: Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.

=Strickland, Samuel= (1804-1867). Born at Reydon Hall, Suffolk; brother of Agnes Strickland, Mrs. Traill, and Mrs. Moodie. Entered the army, and reached the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Emigrated to Canada, 1826.

=Bib.=: _Twenty-Seven Years in Canada West_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Strong, Sir Samuel Henry= (1825-1909). Born in Dorsetshire, England.

Came to Canada studied law, and called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1849.

Member of the commission for consolidating the statutes, 1856. Appointed vice-chancellor of Ontario, 1869; transferred to the Court of Error and Appeal, 1874; puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, 1875; and chief-justice, 1892-1902. Knighted, 1893. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Stuart, Andrew.= =Sy= Member of Const.i.tutional a.s.sociation, 112. =P= Declares the French Canadians to be "a race of gentlemen," 49; one of Papineau's followers, 197.

=Stuart, Archdeacon.= =Sy= Conducts funeral service of Lord Sydenham, 344.

=Stuart, George Okill= (1807-1884). Born in York, Upper Canada. Grandson of the Rev. John Stuart, _q.v._ Educated at Kingston and Quebec, and called to the bar of Lower Canada, 1830. Mayor of Quebec, 1846-1850; elected to represent Quebec in the a.s.sembly, 1852; defeated at the general election, but again returned, 1857. Appointed by the Imperial government judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court of Quebec, 1873.

=Stuart, James.= =Ch= Erects fort in Cape Breton, 200.

=Stuart, Sir James= (1780-1853). Born at Fort Hunter, New York. Educated at King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. Appointed a.s.sistant secretary to the government of Lower Canada in 1800; and solicitor-general, 1801.

Entered the House of a.s.sembly, for Montreal, 1808; attorney-general for Lower Canada, 1825; and in 1831 suspended from office by Lord Aylmer, and suspension confirmed by colonial secretary; a few months later the injustice of the decision admitted, and offered the chief-justiceship of Newfoundland, but declined the position. Appointed chief-justice of Lower Canada by Durham in 1838. Created a baronet, 1841. =Index=: =Sy= Praised by _Colonial Gazette_, 140; consulted by Sydenham, 191; accompanies him to Upper Canada, 195. =E= Chief-justice of the Court of Appeal of Lower Canada, and succeeded in 1853, by Sir L. H. La Fontaine, 105. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=Stuart, John.= =MS= Chief factor of Hudson's Bay Company in New Caledonia, 221; accompanies Simon Fraser down the Fraser, 222; his intellectual tastes and correspondence, 222. =D= Accompanies Simon Fraser on voyage down the Fraser, 60; succeeds Simon Fraser in New Caledonia, 98; still in command in 1821 when Companies amalgamated, 98; goes to Mackenzie River, 1824, 99. =Bib.=: Fraser, _Journal_ in Ma.s.son, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_.

=Stuart, Rev. John.= =S= First Church of England clergyman to arrive in Upper Canada, conducts school at Montreal, and then moves to Cataraqui (Kingston), 158; opens first school in the province, 166. =Hd= School-teacher at Montreal, 235; becomes rector at Cataraqui (Kingston), 236; supervises education of Indians, 265.

=Sturgeon Lake.= On the Saskatchewan. A notable place in the annals of the Western fur trade. Here the traders from Montreal built a post about 1772; and in 1774 Samuel Hearne built a rival post for the Hudson's Bay Company. The latter, c.u.mberland House, remained an important centre of the fur trade for many years, and is still in operation. By way of this lake, the fur traders' route lay north to Frog Portage and the Churchill River. =Index=: =MS= Frobishers build trading-post there in 1772, 4; its strategic importance, 4.