The Makers of Canada: Index and Dictionary of Canadian History Part 50

=Manchester.= In England. =Index=: =Sy= Poulett Thomson elected for, 31; his free trade views find support in, 36; great dinner to Thomson in, 37.

=Manet, Jean.= =Ch= Interpreter, 144.

=Manitoba.= Area, 73,956 square miles. The province was created in 1870, the old Red River Settlement, founded by Lord Selkirk, forming the nucleus. The name is a contraction of the Cree word _Manitowaban_. La Verendrye and his sons were the first white men to set foot within what now forms the province. They built Fort Maurepas, at the mouth of Winnipeg River, in 1734; Fort Rouge, at the mouth of the a.s.siniboine, in 1733; and Fort La Reine, near present Portage la Prairie, in 1738. They afterwards built Fort Dauphin, on or near Lake Dauphin. _See also_ Red River Colony; Winnipeg. =Index=: =C= Bill creating province introduced by Cartier, 71; meaning of name, _The G.o.d That Speaks_, 71. =Md= Bill pa.s.sed for establishment of, as province, 161; restrictions against rival lines to Canadian Pacific Railway removed, 236, 284; boundary dispute, 256; its connection with commercial union, 298. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Manitoba_; Gunn and Tuttle, _History of Manitoba_; Begg, _History of the North-West_; Bryce, _Romantic Settlement of Lord Selkirk's Colonists_; Hargrave, _Red River_; Ross, _Red River Settlement_.

=Manson, Donald.= Engaged in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company, west of the Rocky Mountains. Led three brigades from the Columbia to Langley on the Fraser, 1848. Appointed a justice of the peace. =Index=: =D= At Fort McLoughlin, 117; establishes first circulating library on Pacific slope, 117-118.

=Mantet, Nicholas d'Ailleboust, Sieur de= (1663-1709). In 1689 defeated the Iroquois at the Lake of the Two Mountains; and in 1690 led an expedition against Schenectady. Killed during an attack on Fort St.

Anne, Hudson Bay. =Index=: =F= One of the leaders of war party against Schenectady, 235. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Old Regime_.

=Maquinna.= =D= His relations with Captain Meares at Nootka, 27; keeps armourer and sailmaker of the _Boston_ in slavery four years, 37.

=Marcel, Captain.= =WM= Third aide-de-camp to Montcalm, 2; accompanies Montcalm on visit of inspection, 173; with Montcalm in his last hours, 219; informs Levis of Montcalm's death, 220; departure for France, 238.

=Marcet, Mrs.= =Hd= Grand-niece of Haldimand, 343.

=Marchand, etienne= (1755-1793). Engaged in the trade between the West Indies and North and South America. In 1790 sailed from Ma.r.s.eilles on a voyage of trade and exploration, in which he made careful surveys of the coast of Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia, visited the islands of Polynesia, sailed up the west coast of America, visited China and Siberia, and finally returned to Europe, 1792. =Index=: =D= Explores North-West Coast, 1791, 25; his narrative, 25. =Bib.=: _Voyage autour du Monde_, ed. by Fleurien. For biog., _see Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Marchand, Felix Gabriel= (1832-1900). Born in St. Johns, Quebec.

Educated at St. Hyacinthe College. Elected to the Legislative a.s.sembly of Quebec, 1867; provincial Secretary, 1878-1879; commissioner of crown lands, 1879; Speaker of the a.s.sembly, 1887-1892; premier of Quebec, 1897. For many years proprietor and editor of _Le Franco-Canadien_.

=Bib.=: Works: _Manuel et Formulaire du Notariat_; _Fatenville_; _Erreur n'est pas Compte_; _Un Bonheur en Attire un Autre_; _Les Faus Brillants_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Marche, Charles de.= =Ch= Jesuit missionary at Miscou, 234.

=Marcy, William Learned= (1786-1857). =Mc= Governor of New York, declines to surrender Mackenzie, 414. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Mariana.= =Ch= Jesuit, book written by, ordered to be burnt, 153.

=Marie.= =WM= A storeship launched at Montreal, 244.

=Marie Antoinette= (1755-1793). Queen of France. =Index=: =S= Public mourning in Upper Canada for death of, 193.

=Marie de l'Incarnation= (=Marie Martin=, =_nee_ Guyart=) (1599-1672).

Born at Tours, France. Married early, and was left a widow after two years, with an only child. For twelve years devoted herself to his education; and then entered the Ursuline convent at Tours; in 1639 accompanied Madame de la Peltrie to Canada, and became the first superior of the Ursuline convent at Quebec. Her _Lettres Historiques_, written for the edification of her son Claude Martin, form one of the most valuable sources of information on the history of the period.

Composed a catechism in Huron, three in Algonquian and a dictionary of French and Algonquian. =Index=: =F= Arrival of, at Quebec, 28; on _Jesuit Relations_, 30; on influence of convent teaching, 89; on rapid decline of Indian population, 168. =L= On the devotion of Laval to the sick, 33; on his saintliness, 34, 254; on conversions wrought by the earthquake, 45; mentions Dollard's exploit, 75; on piety of the soldiery, 79; her piety, 92; called the Theresa of New France, 93; Abbe Ferland's account of, 93; on the zeal of Fenelon and Trouve, 109; on the sale of brandy to the Indians, 113; praises Talon, 114; on Canadians, 119; on education of Indian girls, 125; death of, 153, 154; character and influence, 155. =Ch= Praises virtues of early settlers, 258. =Bib.=: _Lettres de la Venerable Mere Marie de l'Incarnation_; Martin, _La Vie de la Venerable Mere Marie de l'Incarnation_; Charlevoix, _Vie de Mere Marie de l'Incarnation_; Casgrain, _Vie; Life_, by a Religious of the Ursuline Community.

=Marion, Nicholas.= =Ch= Captain of the _Levrier_, one of the two vessels of Champlain's first expedition to Quebec, 40.

=Maritime Provinces.= =B= Movement for union of, 161, 186; Tache argues advantages of union with, 169-170; coal mines of, 170; shipping of, 170, 174; inclusion of, in Confederation, opposed by Dorion, 176; British government brings pressure upon, in interests of Confederation, 186-187; involved in reciprocity negotiations, 194. =Md= Their determined opposition to Confederation, 116-118. =T= History of union movement in, 69-71; Charlottetown Conference, 73-75. _See also_ New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Cape Breton. =Bib.=: _See_ under foregoing t.i.tles.

=Markland, George H.= =R= Member of Legislative Council, Upper Canada, and of Board of Education, 58.

=Marquette, Jacques= (1637-1675). Born at Laon, in the north of France.

Joined the Society of Jesus about 1654, and sailed for Canada, 1666.

Sent to the Upper Lakes, 1668, and stationed at La Pointe, near the western end of Lake Superior, 1670. Here he heard from the Illinois of a great river flowing far to the south, and was filled with an ardent desire to explore it. His opportunity came two years later, when he was chosen by the Intendant Talon to accompany Louis Jolliet on his memorable exploration of the Mississippi, 1673. Descending the river to the mouth of the Arkansas, and satisfying themselves that it flowed neither into the Atlantic nor the Gulf of California, but into the Gulf of Mexico, they returned to Green Bay, arriving in Sept. 1673. Marquette remained at the mission of De Pere until 1675, when he established a mission at Kaskaskia, on the Illinois. His strength had been broken by the difficult journey of 1673, and on his return from Kaskaskia to Michilimackinac, died on the sh.o.r.e of Lake Michigan, May 18, 1675. In the winter of 1676 his bones were brought to Michilimackinac and buried there. =Index=: =F= Accompanies Jolliet in his explorations, 155. =L= One of the founders of mission at Sault Ste. Marie, 11; follows course of Mississippi, 11, 146; accompanies Jolliet in his explorations, 59; his death, 146. =WM= Descends the Mississippi with Jolliet, 19. =Bib.=: Shea, _Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley_; Griffin, _Discovery of the Mississippi_; Parkman, _La Salle_; Breese, _Early History of Illinois_; Sparks, _American Biography_, ser. 1, vol. 10.

=Marriages.= =W= Dissenting ministers forbidden to perform ceremony in New Brunswick, 14, 15; the Dissenters' Marriage Bill, 14, 15; question settled in 1834, 16. =F= Stimulated by civil authorities, 57. =S= Question of, in Upper Canada, 85-88, 161.

=Marriott, Sir James= (1730?-1803). Advocate general, 1764; vice-chancellor, 1767; sat in Parliament for Sudbury, 1781-1784, and 1796-1802. =Index=: His views on question of Canadian laws, 62; examined in connection with the Quebec Act, 63, 69. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Marshall, John George= (1786-1880). Born in Nova Scotia. Educated at Halifax, and called to the bar, 1808. Represented Sydney in the Nova Scotia a.s.sembly, 1811-1823. Subsequently appointed chief-justice of the Court of Common Pleas. Died in Halifax. =Bib.=: _Brief History of Events in Nova Scotia during the Earliest Years of the Present Century_.

=Marsolet, Nicolas= (1587-1677). Came to Canada from France about 1608, and for many years an interpreter for the Montagnais and Algonquian tribes. In 1629, when Kirke took Quebec, deserted to the English.

=Index=: =Ch= Accompanies Champlain to Quebec, 41; joins Algonquians to learn their language, 63; interpreter of Algonquian language, 144; sides with the Kirkes, 194; subsequent career, 203. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Pioneers of France_.

=Marteilhe.= =Dr= Appointed judge, 183.

=Martial Law.= =Bk= Question respecting, 226. =Hd= Canada under, for four years after conquest, 41, 43; abolished, 59; Haldimand's opinion of, for Florida, 65; at Vincennes, 93; not strictly enforced by Haldimand, 275.

=Martin, Abraham= (1589-1664). Born in Scotland. Came to Canada in 1614, having married Marguerite Langlois the previous year. Engaged as a pilot at Quebec. In 1635 granted lands on the heights of Quebec by the Hundred a.s.sociates, and in 1648 and 1652 received further gifts of land from Adrien d.u.c.h.esne. =Index=: =WM= First proprietor of Plains of Abraham, 186. =Ch= Early settler, 145, 146; his property, 147. =Bib.=: Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Wood, _Fight for Canada_.

=Martin, Anne.= =Ch= Daughter of Abraham Martin, 146.

=Martin, Charles Amador.= =Ch= Priest, 146.

=Martin (or Marten), Sir Henry= (1562-1641). Born in London. Educated at Oxford. Sent to the Palatinate, 1613; chancellor of London diocese, 1616; judge of the Admiralty Court, 1617-1641. A member of the Court of High Commission, 1620-1641. One of the commissioners appointed to negotiate a settlement in Canadian affairs between England and France, 1629-1630. =Index=: =Ch= English commissioner in matter of Canada, 214.

=Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Martin, Joseph= (1852- ). Born in Milton, Ontario. Educated at the public schools and at the Toronto Normal School. Taught school for a time; studied law at Ottawa; removed to Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, 1882, and the same year called to the bar of Manitoba. Member of the Manitoba a.s.sembly, 1883-1892; attorney-general, 1888-1891; carried through the Act abolishing separate schools in Manitoba, 1890. In 1891 contested Selkirk for the House of Commons, but defeated; elected for Winnipeg, 1893, but defeated, 1896. Removed to British Columbia, 1897; elected to the British Columbia a.s.sembly for Vancouver; subsequently attorney-general and premier of the province. Removed to England, 1909, and in same year contested Stratford-on-Avon for the British House of Commons, but defeated; elected to represent East St. Pancras, London, 1910. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_; Ewart, _The Manitoba School Question_.

=Martin, Marguerite.= =Ch= Daughter of Abraham Martin, 146.

=Martinez, Estevan Jose.= Accompanied Perez to North-West Coast in 1773 as pilot. In 1788 sent again to the North-West Coast as joint commander with De Haro of an expedition to watch the operations of the Russians; the following year again sent north from Mexico in command of the _Princessa_. Seized the _Iphigenia_ at Nootka, but afterwards released it; fortified Hog Island near Friendly Cove, and took formal possession of Nootka; also seized several other vessels at Nootka, and imprisoned Captain Colnett. After carrying out some local explorations returned to Mexico. =Index=: =D= a.s.serts Spanish sovereignty over Pacific, 28; at Nootka, 28; seizes _Iphigenia_ and _North-West America_, and claims Nootka by right of conquest, 28; claims disproved by Douglas, 28; _Iphigenia_ released, but _North-West America_ retained, 29; seizes _Princess Royal_ and _Argonaut_, 29. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of the North-West Coast_.

=Marylanders.= =Dr= Loyalists, commanded by Chalmers, 202.

=Mascarene, Paul= (1684-1760). Born in Castras, in the south of France.

Educated at Geneva, and afterwards went to England; naturalized, 1706.

Entered the army, 1708; accompanied his regiment to America, 1710; took part in the capture of Port Royal. Became lieutenant-colonel of Philipps's regiment, and a member of the Council of Nova Scotia.

Lieutenant-governor of Annapolis, 1740, and administrator of the government of the province until the arrival of Governor Cornwallis, 1749. Defended Annapolis against Du Vivier, 1744. Retired from active service on account of advancing age; gazetted major-general. Lived in Boston until his death. =Bib.=: _Selections from the Public Doc.u.ments of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_. _See also_ Acadians, Expulsion of the.

=Mascouten Indians.= An Algonquian tribe. The name means "Little prairie people." They were known to the French as _Nation du feu_. First mentioned by Champlain in 1616; Perrot visited their village, near Fox River, Wis., some time before 1669. They were also seen by Allouez in 1670, and by Marquette in 1673. Always a small tribe, they disappeared entirely before the end of the eighteenth century. =Bib.=: Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_.

=Maseres, Francis= (1731-1824). Born in London. Educated at Cambridge.

In 1766 appointed attorney-general of Quebec, holding the position until 1769. Returned to England and was cursitor baron of the Exchequer, 1773-1824, and in 1780 became senior judge of the Sheriff's Court, London. =Index=: =Dr= Attorney-general, of Huguenot descent, conducts prosecution in Walker Case, 37; called upon to report on a system of law for the country, 41; goes to England, 56; opposed to Carleton and others on question of Canadian laws, 62; called as witness in connection with Quebec Act, 63; evidence before House of Commons, 68. =Hd= Supports Du Calvet, 290, 291, 305; mentioned by MacLean, 310; his opinion of Mabane, 315. =Bib.=: Works: _Account of the Proceedings of the British and other Protestant Inhabitants of the Province of Quebec, in Order to Obtain an House of a.s.sembly_; _Additional Papers Concerning the Province of Quebec_; _Canadian Freeholder_; _Collection of Commissions, etc., Relating to the Province of Quebec_; _Occasional Essays_. For biog., _see Dict. Nat. Biog._; Bradley, _The Making of Canada_.

=Ma.s.sachusetts.= =F= Charter of, declared null and void, 264; takes lead in expedition against Quebec, 277. =Bk= War of 1812 unpopular in, 208.

=Ma.s.se, Enemond= (1574-1646). Born in France. Entered the Society of Jesus, 1596. In 1611 went to Port Royal (Annapolis); and later to Mount Desert Island, where he established a mission and built a fort. In 1613 Captain Samuel Argall (_q.v._), attacked the fort, and Ma.s.se and most of the colonists were taken prisoners. In 1614 went to France; returned in 1625, and spent the remainder of his life in mission work among the Algonquians and Montagnais. Taken prisoner at Quebec in 1629, but afterwards released. =Index=: =Ch= Jesuit, 152; returns to college of La Fleche, 207; returns to Canada, 228. =Bib.=: Charlevoix, _History of New France_; Parkman, _Old Regime_; Murdoch, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Ma.s.son, Louis Francois Rodrigue= (1833-1903). Born at Terrebonne.

Entered Parliament in 1867 as member for Terrebonne; minister of militia and defence, 1878; president of the Council, 1880; called to the Senate, 1882; lieutenant-governor of Quebec, 1884; again called to the Senate, 1890. =Bib.=: _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Mather, Cotton= (1663-1728). =F= On failure of Phipps's expedition, 302; on rescue of some men cast ash.o.r.e on Anticosti, 304. =Bib.=: _Cyc.

Am. Biog._

=Matheron.= =L= Steward of abbey of Maubec, 137.

=Mathews, Peter.= =Mc= Executed, 435; monument to, 436.