The History of Prostitution Part 62

Native white and free colored illiterate to total native white and free colored 485 "

Foreign white and free colored illiterate to total foreign white and free colored 824 "

Native illiterate white and free colored to total of both (native) over 20 years of age 1035 "

Foreign illiterate white and free colored to total of both (foreign) over 20 years of age 1448 "

Foreign illiterate over twenty years of age 195114 Foreign illiterate to total foreign over 20 years of age, supposing the illiterate to be all white 1451 "

Following the geographical sections we obtain the following results:[415]

+------------------------------------------------------------+ Percentage Percentage Percentage of Sections. of Pupils of Pupils to illiterate to to the white the white and white Population. free colored Population. Population. +------------------- ------------ ------------- ------------- New England States 2590 2571 188 Middle States 2179 2102 316 Southern States 1452 1392 922 Southwestern States 1632 1610 845 Northwestern States 2172 2151 503 +------------------------------------------------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Percentage Percentage Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of illiterate of illiterate of Sections. illiterate to Natives illiterate to illiterate to over 20 to Foreigners to free Natives. Years of Foreigners. over 20 Colored. age. Years of age. --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- New England States 26 42 1463 2439 845 Middle States 184 300 955 1592 2242 Southern States 930 2030 528 880 2120 Southwestern States 841 1663 912 1520 1854 Northwestern States 497 992 463 772 2144 California and Territories 1750 2163 1413 2351 1247 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

OCCUPATIONS.

In the tables of occupations the only cla.s.s noticed is the white and free colored male population over fifteen years of age, no returns of female employment being given. As interesting to the general reader, although not in immediate connection with the subject, the following is given:[416]

Ratio per cent.

Occupations. to the total employed.

Commerce, trade, manufactures, mechanic arts, and mining 2972 Agriculture 4469 Labor (not agricultural) 1850 Army 10 Sea and river navigation 217 Law, Medicine, and Divinity 176 Other pursuits requiring education 178 Government civil service 46 Domestic service 41 Other occupations 41 ------ 10000

A similar but more elaborate statement of the occupations of the people of Great Britain was published in the British census for 1841, and is reprinted by Professor De Bow in his compendium.[417]

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ Percentage Percentage Percentage Occupations. to total to total to total Males. Females. Population. ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------- Commerce, trade, and manufactures 2624 712 1652 Agriculture 1533 84 796 Labor (not agricultural) 699 121 405 Army 142 70 Navy and merchant seamen, boatmen, &c. 235 117 Clerical, legal, and medical professions 66 02 34 Other pursuits requiring education 117 36 76 Government and munic.i.p.al civil service 43 02 22 Domestic servants 278 948 618 Persons of independent means 147 388 269 Pensioners, paupers, lunatics, and prisoners 111 101 106 Unoccupied (including women and children) 4005 7606 5835 ---------- ---------- ----------- 100 100 100 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+

WAGES.

In introducing this subject, Professor De Bow remarks, "The money price of wages, unless the price of other articles be known, gives but an unsatisfactory idea of the condition of the laboring cla.s.ses at different periods and in different countries." In the following tables of the rates of remuneration in 1850 this difficulty will scarcely exist, so far as New York is concerned at least. The large number of domestic servants who have been added to our population since that year precludes the possibility of any considerable advance in the rate of wages, and, as every reader has an idea of what a woman's necessary expenses must be, each will be enabled to decide for himself whether the compensation is sufficient, or whether society at large would not be benefited were some of the surplus domestic servants removed to other localities, and thus, by increasing the demand, augment the wages. The following was the average weekly wages (with board) of a domestic servant in the year 1850:[418]

States. Wages.

Alabama $1 41 Arkansas 1 67 California 13 00 Columbia (District of) 1 31 Connecticut 1 36 Delaware 0 84 Florida 1 83 Georgia 1 52 Illinois 1 14 Indiana 0 90 Iowa 1 07 Kentucky 1 09 Louisiana 2 57 Maine 1 09 Maryland 0 89 Ma.s.sachusetts 1 48 Michigan 1 10 Mississippi 1 52 Missouri 1 17 New Hampshire 1 27 New Jersey 0 97 New York 1 05 North Carolina 0 87 Ohio 0 96 Pennsylvania 0 80 Rhode Island 1 42 South Carolina 1 42 Tennessee 1 00 Texas 2 00 Vermont 1 19 Virginia 0 96 Wisconsin 1 27 Territories.

Minnesota 2 25 New Mexico 0 78 Oregon 10 00 Utah 1 46

The following is a table of the monthly wages in factories in the different states. It is, of course, exclusive of board and lodging.

Looking at the amount received by female operatives, will any one feel surprised that they should abandon the incessant and poorly paid employment?

WAGES PER MONTH (WITHOUT BOARD).

+------------------------------------------------ Cotton. Wool. Pig Iron. States. ----------- ----------- ----------- M. F. M. F. M. F. ----------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- $ c. $ c. $ c. $ c. $ c. $. c. Alabama 11 71 7 98 17 60 Arkansas 14 61 5 88 California D. of Col. 14 02 8 00 30 00 Connecticut 19 08 11 80 24 12 12 86 26 80 Delaware 15 31 11 58 18 79 17 33 Florida 32 14 5 00 Georgia 14 57 7 39 27 47 14 10 17 44 5 00 Illinois 22 00 12 52 22 06 Indiana 13 02 6 77 21 81 11 05 26 00 Iowa 11 14 Kentucky 14 95 9 36 15 30 11 11 20 23 4 70 Louisiana Maine 29 35 12 15 22 57 11 77 22 00 Maryland 15 42 9 48 18 60 11 89 20 14 Ma.s.sach'sts 22 90 13 60 22 95 14 22 27 50 Michigan 21 65 11 47 35 00 Mississippi 14 21 5 94 Missouri 10 93 10 00 32 00 6 50 24 28 N. Hamp. 26 00 13 47 22 86 14 53 18 00 New Jersey 17 98 9 56 25 22 8 60 21 20 New York 18 32 9 68 19 97 11 76 25 00 N. Carolina 11 65 6 13 18 00 7 00 8 00 4 00 Ohio 16 59 9 42 20 14 10 90 24 48 Pennsylv'a 17 85 9 91 19 23 10 41 21 65 5 11 Rho. Island 18 60 12 95 20 70 15 18 S. Carolina 13 94 8 30 Tennessee 10 94 6 42 17 66 6 00 12 81 5 11 Texas 20 00 20 00 Vermont 15 53 12 65 24 46 11 81 22 08 Virginia 10 18 6 98 18 17 9 91 12 76 6 86 Wisconsin 22 48 30 00 +------------------------------------------------

+-----------------------------------------------+ Iron Wrought Fisheries. Castings. Iron. States. ----------- ----------- ----------- M. F. M. F. M. F. ----------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- $. c. $ c. $ c. $ c. $. c. $. c. Alabama 30 05 15 29 Arkansas California 23 33 D. of Col. 27 05 Connecticut 27 02 8 00 31 59 20 81 Delaware 23 36 25 53 Florida 17 58 8 40 Georgia 27 43 11 35 5 00 Illinois 28 50 Indiana 25 74 27 45 4 00 Iowa 32 35 Kentucky 24 89 4 15 32 06 Louisiana 35 60 Maine 29 00 5 00 19 12 Maryland 27 50 24 31 Ma.s.sach'sts 30 90 29 46 12 79 15 70 Michigan 28 68 22 43 Mississippi 37 91 Missouri 19 63 30 00 N. Hamp. 33 05 31 34 10 00 New Jersey 24 00 27 31 13 34 New York 27 49 28 91 20 35 N. Carolina 23 46 10 43 4 78 23 64 11 77 Ohio 27 32 29 58 19 07 Pennsylv'a 27 55 6 00 28 31 6 57 Rho. Island 29 63 57 85 34 00 S. Carolina 13 59 4 00 Tennessee 17 96 4 50 15 20 5 00 Texas 43 43 Vermont 28 27 32 08 Virginia 19 91 9 44 25 41 21 70 Wisconsin 26 73 21 50 +-----------------------------------------------+

The number of hands employed in these manufactures is as follows:[419]

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ Men Men's average Women Women's Manufactures. employed. Wages per employed. average Wages Month. per Month. -------------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ------------- Cotton 33,150 $16 79 59,136 $9 24 Wool 22,678 21 49 16,574 11 86 Pig-iron 20,298 21 68 150 5 13 Iron castings 23,541 27 38 48 5 87 Wrought iron 16,110 27 02 138 7 35 Fisheries 20,704 20 49 429 10 08 ---------- ---------- Total employed 136,481 76,475 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+

PAUPERISM.

From tables relating to pauperism in the United States we learn that in the year ending June 1, 1850, when our population was 23,191,876, there were supported (in whole or in part) at public expense:[420]

Natives 66,434 Foreigners 68,538 ------- Total 134,972

The cost of such support was $2,954,806. This is much less than the outlay in England, where, in the year 1848, there was expended 6,180,764 sterling (or over thirty million dollars), the population being 17,521,956.[421]

CRIME.

There were confined in the various state prisons throughout the Union on June 1, 1850:[422]

White males 4643 " females 115 Total whites ---- 4758

Colored males 801 " females 87 Total colored ---- 888 ---- Aggregate 5646

Of these there were

Native whites 3259 " colored 866 Total natives ---- 4125

Foreign whites 1499 " colored 22 Total foreign ---- 1521 ---- Aggregate 5646

INTEMPERANCE.

It need not be repeated that habits of intemperance and prost.i.tution are closely allied. The following figures give the statistics of the breweries and distilleries in the United States:[423]

The total number of these establishments is 1217 In which is invested a capital of $8,507,574

They employ 6140 hands, and consume during the year,

Barley 3,787,195 bushels.

Corn 11,067,761 "

Rye 2,143,927 "

Oats 56,607 "

Apples 526,840 "

Hops 1,294 tons.

Mola.s.ses 61,675 hogsheads.

Their yearly production is,

Ale, 1,179,495 barrels, or 42,471,820 gallons.

Whisky, etc. 41,364,224 "

Rum 6,500,500 "

---------- Total 90,336,544 "

If these stimulants were used in the United States, exclusive of export or import, the average allowance for each man, woman, and child in the community would be nearly four gallons per year. The figures show how much we produce, but will not aid the inquiry as to how much is consumed.

NATIVITIES.