The Handbook to English Heraldry Part 18

_In Quadrangle._ When four charges are so disposed that one is in each quarter of the shield.

_In Splendour._ The sun irradiated.

_Irradiated._ Surrounded by rays of light.

_Issuant._ Proceeding from, or out of.

_Jambe_, _Gambe_. The leg of a lion, or other beast of prey: No. 185.

_Jelloped._ Having wattles and a comb, as a c.o.c.k.

_Jesses._ Straps for hawk's bells.

_Jessant._ Shooting forth. _Jessant de lys._--A combination of a leopard's face and a fleur-de-lys: No. 267.

_Joust._ A tournament.

_Jupon._ A short, sleeveless surcoat, worn over armour from about 1340 to about 1405. It is often charged with armorial insignia, and thus is a true "coat of arms."

[Ill.u.s.tration: No. 267.--Jessant de lys.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Nos. 268, 269.--Heraldic Keys.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: No. 270.--Hastings Badge.]

_Key._ When represented in early blazon, Keys have always elegant forms.

No. 268 is from Peterborough Cathedral, and No. 269 from Exeter.

_King-of-Arms._ See _Herald_.

_Knighthood, Orders of_: _Knights_. See Chapter XVI.

_Knot._ An intertwined cord, borne as a badge. The varieties of this device are--The _Bourchier_, No. 219; the _Bowen_, No. 220; the _Harington_ (the same as a _Frette_), No. 148; the _Heneage_, No. 264; the _Lacy_, No. 274; the _Stafford_, No. 304; and the _Wake and Ormond_, No. 313. Cords were sometimes intertwined about other figures and devices, and so formed what may be regarded as _Compound Badges_, which significantly declared the union of two houses: thus, the knot of EDWARD Lord HASTINGS unites the Hungerford sickle with the Peverel garbe: No.

270; and the _Dacre knot_ is entwined about the Dacre escallop and the famous "ragged staff" of Beauchamp and Neville: No. 235.

_Label_, or _File_. A narrow ribbon placed across the field of a shield near the chief, and having three, five, or sometimes other numbers of _points_ depending from it, its object being to _mark Cadency_. In the early Labels the number of the points was arbitrary, the usual numbers being five and three; and, subsequently, three points were almost universally used; the object always was to render the Label conspicuous.

In blazon a Label is supposed to have three points; but, if more, the number is to be specified; thus, No. 271 is simply "_a Label_," but No.

272 is "_a Label of five points_." Labels appear early in the thirteenth century, and in the next century they are in constant use. Various charges may be placed on the "points" of Labels to extend their capacity for "differencing." Since the time of EDWARD the BLACK PRINCE the Label of the PRINCE OF WALES has been plain silver. The Label is almost exclusively (now without any exception) used in Royal Cadency; but, in modern Heraldry, in the case of all other persons it is the peculiar mark of the eldest son. The Label is also found as a charge. It has become a usage in the degenerate days of Heraldry to represent the Label as in No. 273, instead of the earlier and far preferable forms of Nos.

271, 272.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Nos. 271-273.--Labels.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: No. 274.--Lacy Knot.]

_Lacy Knot._ No. 274.

_Lambrequin._ A mantling.

_Langued._ A term which refers to the tincture of an animal's tongue.

_Leaves._ Their peculiarities are to be blazoned, as _laurel leaves_, _oak leaves_, &c.

_Leopard_, _Leoparde._ See page 84.

_Letters of the Alphabet_ sometimes are Charges. Thus, the Arms of the Deanery of Canterbury are--_Az., on a cross arg., the letter "x"

surmounted by the letter "i" sable:_ the "x" is on the cross at the intersection of its limbs, and the "i" is above it.

_Line_, or _Border Line_. No. 38.

_Lined._ Having a cord attached: also, having a lining.

_Lion._ See page 83.

_Lioncel._ A lion drawn to a small scale, and generally rampant, Nos.

114, 115, 197.

_Livery Colours._ Of the PLANTAGENETS, as one family, _white and scarlet_; of the house of YORK, _blue and murrey_; of the house of LANCASTER, _white and blue_; of the house of TUDOR, _white and green_.

The present Royal Livery is _scarlet and gold_. In the Middle Ages, all great families had their own livery colours, which had no necessary relation to the tinctures of the shield.

_Lodged._ A term denoting animals of the chase when at rest or in repose, Nos. 25, 26.

_Lozenge._ A square figure set diagonally, No. 47 (also see page 69).

The armorial insignia of unmarried ladies and widows, with the sole exception of a Sovereign, are blazoned on a Lozenge instead of an Escutcheon.

_Lozengy._ A field divided lozengewise: No. 145.

_Luce_, or _Lucy_. The fish now called pike. See page 77 and No. 164.

_Lure._ See _In Lure_.

_Lymphad._ An ancient galley, No. 275. It was the feudal ensign of the Scottish lordship of LORN, and as such quartered by the Duke of ARGYLL.

_Maintenance, Cap of._ See _Chapeau_.

_Manche_, _Maunche_. A lady's sleeve with a long pendent lappet, worn in the time of HENRY I., and borne as an armorial charge by the families of HASTINGS, CONYERS, and some others. HASTINGS (H. 3)--_Or, a manche gu._: No. 276.

_Mantle._ A flowing robe worn over the armour, or over their ordinary costume, by personages of distinction of both s.e.xes: the mantles of ladies were commonly decorated with armorial blazonry.

[Ill.u.s.tration: No. 275.--Lymphad.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: No. 276.--Arms of Hastings.]

_Mantling_, or _Lambrequin_. A small mantle of some rich materials, attached to the knightly basinet or helm, and worn hanging down. It is usually represented with jagged edges, to represent the cuts to which it would be exposed in actual battle: No. 199. (See _Panache_.) Mantlings blazoned with achievements of arms are sometimes adjusted in folds to form a background to the composition, and they are also occasionally differenced with various charges.

_Marquess_, _Marquis_. The second order of the British Peerage, in rank next to that of Duke. This rank and t.i.tle were introduced into England in 1387, by RICHARD II., who then created his favourite, ROBERT DE VERE, Marquess of DUBLIN. The next creation was by HENRY VI. A Marquess is "Most Honourable"; he is styled "My Lord Marquess": all his younger sons are "Lords," and his daughters "Ladies"; his eldest son bears his father's "second t.i.tle." The Coronet, apparently contemporary in its present form with that of Dukes, has its golden circlet heightened with four strawberry leaves and as many pearls, arranged alternately: in representations two of the pearls, and one leaf and two half-leaves are shown, No. 277. The wife of a Marquess is a "Marchioness"; her style corresponds with that of her husband, and her coronet is the same.

[Ill.u.s.tration: No. 277.--Circlet of the Coronet of a Marquess.]

_Marshalling._ The disposition of more than one distinct coat of arms upon a shield, so forming a single composition; or the aggroupment of two or more distinct shields, so as to form a single composition; also the a.s.sociation of such accessories as the helm, mantling, crest, &c., and of knightly and other insignia with a shield of arms, thus again forming a single heraldic composition. See Chapter XI.