The Geneva Protocol Part 23

Le Conseil enjoindra aux Etats signataires d'appliquer sans r.e.t.a.r.d contre l'agresseur les sanctions visees a l'article 11 du present Protocole, et tout Etat signataire, ainsi requis, sera des lors fonde a exercer les droits d'un belligerant.

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ARTICLE 10.

Every State which resorts to war in violation of the undertakings contained in the Covenant or in the present Protocol is an aggressor.

Violation of the rules laid down for a demilitarised zone shall be held equivalent to resort to war.

In the event of hostilities having broken out, any State shall be presumed to be an aggressor, unless a decision of the Council, which must be taken unanimously, shall otherwise declare:

1. If it has refused to submit the dispute to the procedure of pacific settlement provided by Articles 13 and 15 of the Covenant as amplified by the present Protocol, or to comply with a judicial sentence or arbitral award or with a unanimous recommendation of the Council, or has disregarded a unanimous report of the Council, a judicial sentence or an arbitral award recognising that the dispute between it and the other belligerent State arises out of a matter which by international law is solely within the domestic jurisdiction of the latter State; nevertheless, in the last case the State shall only be presumed to be an aggressor if it has not previously submitted the question to the Council or the a.s.sembly, in accordance with Article 11 of the Covenant.

2. If it has violated provisional measures enjoined by the Council for the period while the proceedings are in progress as contemplated by Article 7 of the present Protocol.

Apart from the cases dealt with in paragraphs 1 and 2 of the present Article, if the Council does not at once succeed in determining the aggressor, it shall be bound to enjoin upon the belligerents an armistice, and shall fix the terms, acting, if need be, by a two-thirds majority and shall supervise its execution.

Any belligerent which has refused to accept the armistice or has violated its terms shall be deemed an aggressor.

The Council shall call upon the signatory States to apply forthwith against the aggressor the sanctions provided by Article 11 of the present Protocol, and any signatory State thus called upon shall thereupon be ent.i.tled to exercise the rights of a belligerent.

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ARTICLE 11.

Des que le Conseil a fait aux Etats signataires l'injonction prevue au dernier alinea de l'article 10 du present Protocole, les obligations desdits Etats en ce qui concerne les sanctions de toute nature visees aux alineas 1 et 2 de l'article 16 du Pacte, deviennent immediatement operantes afin que ces sanctions puissent porter leurs effets contre l'agresseur sans aucun r.e.t.a.r.d.

Ces obligations doivent etre interpretees en ce sens que chacun des Etats signataires est tenu de collaborer loyalement et effectivement pour faire respecter le Pacte de la Societe des Nations et pour s'opposer a tout acte d'agression dans la mesure que lui permettent sa situation geographique et les conditions speciales de ses armements.

Conformement a l'alinea 3 de l'article 16 du Pacte, les Etats signataires prennent l'engagement, individuel et collectif, de venir a l'aide de l'Etat attaque ou menace, et de se preter un mutuel appui, grace a des facilites et a des echanges reciproques en ce qui concerne le ravitaillement en matieres premieres et denrees de toute nature, les ouvertures de credit, les transports et le transit et, a cet effet, de prendre toutes mesures en leur pouvoir pour maintenir la securite des communications terrestres et maritimes de l'Etat attaque ou menace.

Si les deux Parties au differend sont agresseurs au sens de l'article 10, les sanctions economiques et financieres s'appliquent a l'une et a l'autre.

ARTICLE 12.

En raison de la complexite des conditions dans lesquelles le Conseil pourrait etre appele a remplir les fonctions visees a l'article 11 ci-dessus concernant les sanctions economiques et financieres et pour preciser les garanties qui sont offertes par le present Protocole aux Etats signataires, le Conseil invitera immediatement les organisations economiques et financieres de la Societe des Nations a proceder a une etude et a

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ARTICLE 11.

As soon as the Council has called upon the signatory States to apply sanctions, as provided in the last paragraph of Article 10 of the present Protocol, the obligations of the said States, in regard to the sanctions of all kinds mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 16 of the Covenant, will immediately become operative in order that such sanctions may forthwith be employed against the aggressor.

Those obligations shall be interpreted as obliging each of the signatory States to co-operate loyally and effectively in support of the Covenant of the League of Nations, and in resistance to any act of aggression, in the degree which its geographical position and its particular situation as regards armaments allow.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 16 of the Covenant the signatory States give a joint and several undertaking to come to the a.s.sistance of the State attacked or threatened, and to give each other mutual support by means of facilities and reciprocal exchanges as regards the provision of raw materials and supplies of every kind, openings of credits, transport and transit, and for this purpose to take all measures in their power to preserve the safety of communications by land and by sea of the attacked or threatened State.

If both parties to the dispute are aggressors within the meaning of Article 10, the economic and financial sanctions shall be applied to both of them.

ARTICLE 12.

In view of the complexity of the conditions in which the Council may be called upon to exercise the functions mentioned in Article 11 of the present Protocol concerning economic and financial sanctions, and in order to determine more exactly the guarantees afforded by the present Protocol to the signatory States, the Council shall forthwith invite the economic and financial organisations of the League of Nations to consider and report

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soumettre un rapport sur la nature des dispositions a prendre pour mettre en vigueur les sanctions et mesures de cooperation economique et financiere, visees a l'article 16 du Pacte et a l'article 11 du present Protocole.

En possession de ces informations, le Conseil etablira par ses organismes competents:

1. les plans d'action destines a faire jouer les sanctions economiques et financieres contre un Etat agresseur;

2. les plans de cooperation economique et financiere entre un Etat attaque et les divers Etats lui portant a.s.sistance,

et il communiquera ces plans aux Membres de la Societe et aux autres Etats signataires.

ARTICLE 13.

Eu egard aux sanctions militaires, navales et aeriennes dont l'application eventuelle est prevue a l'article 16 du Pacte et a l'article 11 du present Protocole, le Conseil aura qualite pour recevoir les engagements d'Etats determinant par avance les forces militaires, navales et aeriennes que ces Etats pourraient faire intervenir immediatement afin d'a.s.surer l'execution des obligations derivant a ce sujet du Pacte et du present Protocole.

Des que le Conseil a fait aux Etats signataires l'injonction prevue au dernier alinea de l'article 10 ci-dessus, ces Etats peuvent en outre faire entrer en ligne, suivant les accords anterieurement faits, leurs forces militaires, navales et aeriennes au secours d'un Etat particulier, victime de l'agression.

Les accords vises au precedent alinea sont enregistres et publies par le Secretariat de la Societe des Nations; ils restent ouverts a tout Etat Membre de la Societe, qui voudrait y acceder.

ARTICLE 14.

Le Conseil a seul qualite pour declarer qui'l y a lieu de faire cesser l'application des sanctions et de retablir les conditions normales.

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as to the nature of the steps to be taken to give effect to the financial and economic sanctions and measures of co-operation contemplated in Article 16 of the Covenant and in Article 11 of this Protocol.

When in possession of this information, the Council shall draw up through its competent organs:

1. Plans of action for the application of the economic and financial sanctions against an aggressor State;

2. Plans of economic and financial co-operation between a State attacked and the different States a.s.sisting it;

and shall communicate these plans to the Members of the League and to the other signatory States.

ARTICLE 13.

In view of the contingent military, naval and air sanctions provided for by Article 16 of the Covenant and by Article 11 of the present Protocol, the Council shall be ent.i.tled to receive undertakings from States determining in advance the military, naval and air forces which they would be able to bring into action immediately to ensure the fulfilment of the obligations in regard to sanctions which result from the Covenant and the present Protocol.

Furthermore, as soon as the Council has called upon the signatory States to apply sanctions, as provided in the last paragraph of Article 10 above, the said States may, in accordance with any agreements which they may previously have concluded, bring to the a.s.sistance of a particular State, which is the victim of aggression, their military, naval and air forces.