The Clockwork Universe Part 18

239fn Unbeknownst to Leibniz Unbeknownst to Leibniz: Harriot's work on the telescope is discussed by Albert Van Helden in his "Introduction" to Galileo's Sidereal Messenger Sidereal Messenger, p.9, and his mathematical work is discussed in the online journal Plus Plus. See Anna Faherty, "Thomas Harriot, A Lost Pioneer," at http://plus.maths.org/issue50/features/faherty/.

239 "A container shall be provided" "A container shall be provided": George Dyson, Darwin Among the Machines Darwin Among the Machines, p.37.

240 Leibniz's knowledge of mathematics Leibniz's knowledge of mathematics: Joseph E. Hofmann, Leibniz in Paris 16721676 Leibniz in Paris 16721676: His Growth to Mathematical Maturity His Growth to Mathematical Maturity, p.2.

240 "I read [mathematics] almost" "I read [mathematics] almost": Dunham, The Calculus Gallery The Calculus Gallery, p.21.

241 his correspondence alone consisted his correspondence alone consisted: Stewart, The Courtier and the Heretic The Courtier and the Heretic, p.138.

242 At an elegant dinner party At an elegant dinner party: A. Rupert Hall, Philosophers at War Philosophers at War, p.54.

242 Or perhaps he decided Or perhaps he decided: The suggestions in this sentence and the next are from email correspondence with Simon Schaffer, a distinguished historian of science at Cambridge University, on September 27, 2009.

243 "6accdae13eff7i319n4o4qrr4s8t12ux" "6accdae13eff7i319n4o4qrr4s8t12ux": Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, p.265.

243 Leibniz made no mention Leibniz made no mention: Hall, Philosophers at War Philosophers at War, p.77.

CHAPTER 41. THE WORLD IN CLOSE-UP.

252 "the philosopher's stone that changed" "the philosopher's stone that changed": Bell, The Development of Mathematics The Development of Mathematics, p.134.

CHAPTER 42. WHEN THE CABLE SNAPS.

254 We find good news We find good news: My discussion here of position, speed, and acceleration draws heavily on Ian Stewart's elegantly written account in Nature's Numbers Nature's Numbers, pp.5052.

256 "You can work out distances" "You can work out distances": Stewart, Nature's Numbers Nature's Numbers, p.15.

257 Proust's "little pieces of paper" Proust's "little pieces of paper": Marcel Proust, Swann's Way Swann's Way, trans. Lydia Davis (New York: Viking, 2003), p.51.

257 Of all the ways to fire a cannon Of all the ways to fire a cannon: Paul Nahin, When Least is Best When Least is Best, p.165. Nahin also discusses the physics of shooting a basketball.

258 "as dawn compares to the bright" "as dawn compares to the bright": Dunham, The Calculus Gallery The Calculus Gallery, p.19, quoting James Gregory.

CHAPTER 43. THE BEST OF ALL POSSIBLE FEUDS.

259 "one of the chief geometers" "one of the chief geometers": Hall, Philosophers at War Philosophers at War, p.111. For any student of the Newton-Leibniz feud, Hall's book is the essential text.

259 "I value my friends" "I value my friends": Ibid., p.112.

259 "Taking Mathematicks from the beginning" "Taking Mathematicks from the beginning": Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, p.721.

260 "the spectacle of the century" "the spectacle of the century": Boorstin, The Discoverers The Discoverers, p.413.

261 "round his brains such a thick crust" "round his brains such a thick crust": William Henry Wilkins, The Love of an Uncrowned Queen The Love of an Uncrowned Queen: Sophia Dorothea Sophia Dorothea, Consort of George I Consort of George I (New York: Duffield, 1906), p.72. (New York: Duffield, 1906), p.72.

262 "When in good humour Queen Anne" "When in good humour Queen Anne": Macaulay, History of England History of England, vol.5, p.190.

262 the king's only cultural interests the king's only cultural interests: Plumb, The First Four Georges The First Four Georges, p.41.

262 The problems rose out of The problems rose out of: The best source for the tangled affairs of the Hanover court is www.gwleibniz.com, a website maintained by the University of Houston philosopher Gregory Brown. See http://www.gwleibniz.com/sophie_dorothea_celle/sophie_dorothea_celle.html.

264 "I dare say "I dare say," Leibniz wrote: Gregory Brown, "Personal, Political, and Philosophical Dimensions of the Leibniz-Caroline Correspondence," p.271.

264 "The king has joked" "The king has joked": Ibid., p.292.

265 "perhaps the most famous" "perhaps the most famous": Ibid., p.262.

265 The princess scolded her ex-tutor The princess scolded her ex-tutor: Ibid., p.282.

265 "the great men of our century" "the great men of our century": Quoted at http://www.gwleibniz.com/caro oline_ansbach/caroline.html.

265 "What difference does it make" "What difference does it make": Brown, "Leibniz-Caroline Correspondence," p.282.

CHAPTER 44. BATTLE'S END.

266 "attempted to rob me" "attempted to rob me": Cited in Robert Merton's cla.s.sic essay "Priorities in Scientific Discovery: A Chapter in the Sociology of Science," p.635. Galileo's charge comes at the very beginning of The a.s.sayer The a.s.sayer.

266 "I certainly should be vexed" "I certainly should be vexed": Merton, "Priorities in Scientific Discovery," p.648.

267 "Almost no one is capable" "Almost no one is capable": Alfred Adler, "Mathematics and Creativity," New Yorker New Yorker, February 19, 1972.

269 "I throw myself" "I throw myself": Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, p.724.

269 "numerous and skilful" "numerous and skilful": Ibid., p.725.

270 "Mr. Leibniz cannot be" "Mr. Leibniz cannot be": The entire review is reprinted as an appendix to Hall's Philosophers at War. Philosophers at War. The quoted pa.s.sage appears on p.298. The quoted pa.s.sage appears on p.298.

270 It It, too too, was written was written: Charles C. Gillispie, "Isaac Newton," in "Isaac Newton," in Dictionary of Scientific Biography Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York: Scribner's, 197080), vol.10. (New York: Scribner's, 197080), vol.10.

270 "broke Leibniz' heart" "broke Leibniz' heart": William Whiston, Historical Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Dr. Samuel Clarke (London, 1748), p.132. (London, 1748), p.132.

CHAPTER 45. THE APPLE AND THE MOON.

271 "So few went to hear Him" "So few went to hear Him": Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, p.209.

272 "In the year 1666" "In the year 1666": Ibid., p.154.

272 The story The story, which is the one thing which is the one thing: Westfall discusses the evidence pro and con in Never at Rest Never at Rest, pp. 15455, and is more inclined than many to give the story some credence.

272 Despite his craving Despite his craving: Simon Schaffer, "Somewhat Divine," London Review of Books London Review of Books, November 16, 2000, reviewing I. Bernard Cohen's translation of Newton's Principia. Principia.

272 Historians who have scrutinized Historians who have scrutinized: See Cohen's "Introduction" to his translation of the Principia Principia, p.15, and Schaffer, "Somewhat Divine."

273 "I began to think" "I began to think": Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, p.143.

275 By combining Kepler's third law By combining Kepler's third law: I. Bernard Cohen, "Newton's Third Law and Universal Gravity," p.572.

277 "compared the force required" "compared the force required": Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, p.143.

CHAPTER 46. A VISIT TO CAMBRIDGE.

279 In crowded rooms thick In crowded rooms thick: Steven Shapin, "At the Amsterdam," London Review of Books London Review of Books, April 20, 2006, reviewing The Social Life of Coffee The Social Life of Coffee by Brian Cowan. See also Mark Girouard, by Brian Cowan. See also Mark Girouard, Cities and People Cities and People (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985), p.207. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985), p.207.

279 Wren Wren, still more skilled still more skilled, confessed confessed: Merton, "Priorities in Scientific Discovery," p.636.

279 "Mr. Hook said that he had it" "Mr. Hook said that he had it": Roche, "Newton's Principia Principia," in Fauvel et al., eds., Let Newton Be! Let Newton Be!, p.58.

280 taverns with Peter the Great taverns with Peter the Great: Manuel, A Portrait of Isaac Newton A Portrait of Isaac Newton, p.318.

280 he would invent a diving bell he would invent a diving bell: Alan Cook, Edmond Halley Edmond Halley: Charting the Heavens and the Seas Charting the Heavens and the Seas (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp.11, 14041, 281. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp.11, 14041, 281.

280 "Sir Isaac replied immediately" "Sir Isaac replied immediately": Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, p.403.

CHAPTER 47. NEWTON BEARS DOWN.

282fn The statement The statement if a planet if a planet: Bruce Pourciau, "Reading the Master: Newton and the Birth of Celestial Mechanics," and Curtis Wilson, "Newton's...o...b..t Problem." Bruce Pourciau, "Reading the Master: Newton and the Birth of Celestial Mechanics," and Curtis Wilson, "Newton's...o...b..t Problem."

283 Albert Einstein kept a picture Albert Einstein kept a picture: Dudley Herschbach, "Einstein as a Student," available at http://tinyurl.com/yjptcq8.

283 "Nature to him" "Nature to him": This was from Einstein's foreword to a new edition of Newton's Opticks Opticks, published in 1931.

283 "Now I am upon" "Now I am upon": Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, p.405.

283 "I never knew him take" "I never knew him take": Ibid., p.192.

284 "When he has sometimes taken" "When he has sometimes taken": Ibid., p.406.

284 If everything attracted everything If everything attracted everything: Kuhn, The Copernican Revolution The Copernican Revolution, p.258.

285 "To do this business right" "To do this business right": Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, p.409.

285 "That all these problems" "That all these problems": Chandrasekhar, "Shakespeare, Newton, and Beethoven."

287 "swallowed up and lost" "swallowed up and lost": Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, p.456.

CHAPTER 48. TROUBLE WITH MR. HOOKE.

288 "a nice man to deal with" "a nice man to deal with": Henry Richard Fox Bourne, The Life of John Locke The Life of John Locke, vol.2 (New York: Harper Brothers, 1876), p.514.

289 "There is one thing more" "There is one thing more": Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, p.446.

289 "Mr Hook seems to expect" "Mr Hook seems to expect": Manuel, A Portrait of Isaac Newton A Portrait of Isaac Newton, p.154.

289 "He has done nothing" "He has done nothing": Ibid., p.155.

289 "Philosophy [i.e. "Philosophy [i.e., science] is such" science] is such": Ibid., p.155.

290 He never replied to Hooke's letter He never replied to Hooke's letter: Westfall, Never at Rest Never at Rest, pp.38788.

290 Newton had designed a telescope Newton had designed a telescope: Ibid., p.233.