The Civilization of Illiteracy Part 45

John Hladczuk, William Eller, and Sharon Hladczuk.

Literacy/Illiteracy in the World. A Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

David R. Olson, Nancy Torrance, and Angela Hildyard, editors.

Literacy, Language, and Learning: The Nature and Consequences of Reading and Writing. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Robert Pattison. On Literacy: The Politics of the Word from Homer to the Age of Rock. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Gerd Baumann, editor. The Written Word: Literacy in Transition.

New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

National Advisory Council on Adult Education. Literacy Committee.

Illiteracy in America: Extent, Causes and Suggested Solutions, 1986.

Susan B. Neuman. Literacy in the Television Age. The Myth of the TV Effect. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1991.

Edward M. Jennings and Alan C. Purves, editors. Literate Systems and Individual Lives. Perspectives on Literacy and Schooling.

Albany: SUNY Press, 1991.

Harald Haarman. Universalgeschichte der Schrift. Frankfurt/Main: Campus Verlag, 1990.

David Diringer. The Alphabet. A Key to the History of Mankind (3rd edition). New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1968.

Colin H. Roberts. The Birth of the Codex. London: Oxford University Press,1987.

Martin Koblo. Die Entwicklung der Schrift. Wiesbaden: Brandsetter, 1963.

R. Hooker. Reading the Past. Ancient Writing from Cuneiform to the Alphabet. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Donald Jackson. The Story of Writing. New York: Taplinger Publishing Co., 1981.

Hannsferdinand Dobler. Von der Keilschrift zum Computer.

Schrift, Buch, Wissenschaften. Munich: Bertelsmann, 1974.

Colin Clair. A History of European Printing. New York: Academic Press, 1976.

Lucien Paul Victor Febre. The Coming of the Book. The Impact of Printing 1450-1800. Trans. David Gerard. London: N.L.B., 1976.

Karlen Mooradian. The Dawn of Printing. Lexington, KY: a.s.sociation for Education in Journalism, 1972.

Warren Chappel. A Short History of the Printed Word. New York: Knopf, 1970.

Peter S. Bellwood. Prehistory in the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago.

Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1985.

Andrew Sherrat, editor. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Crown Publishers, 1980.

Peirce's pragmatic perspective was extracted from his writings.

In the absence of a finished text on the subject, various scholars chose what best suited their own viewpoint. A selection from an unusually rich legacy of ma.n.u.scripts and published articles was made available in The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce (eight volumes). Volumes 1-6 edited by Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss; volumes 7-8 edited by A. Burks.

Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1931-1958.

The standard procedure in citing this work is "volume.paragraph"

(e.g., 2.227 refers to volume 2, paragraph 227).

Important references to Peirce's semiotics are found in his correspondence with Victoria, Lady Welby. This was published by Charles Hardwick as Semiotics and Significs. The Correspondence between Charles S. Peirce and Victoria Lady Welby, Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1977.

Peirce's ma.n.u.scripts are currently being published in a new edition, The Writings of Charles S. Peirce. A Chronological Edition (E. Moore, founding editor; Max A. Fisch, general editor; C. Kloesel, Director), Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984-present.

Peirce's pragmaticism was defined in a text dated 1877, during his return journey from Europe aboard a steamer, "...a day or two before reaching Plymouth, nothing remaining to be done except to translate it into English," (5.526): "Considerer quels sont les effets pratiques que nous pensons pouvoir tre produits par l'objet de notre conception. La conception de tous ces effets est la conception complte de l'objet."

In respect to Peirce, his friends William James and John Dewey wrote words of appreciation, placing him "in the forefront of the great seminal minds of recent times," (cf. Morris R. Cohen, Chance, Love, and Logic, Glencoe IL: 1954, p. iii). C. J. Keyser stated, "That this man, who immeasurably increased the intellectual wealth of the world, was nevertheless almost permitted to starve in what in his time was the richest and vainest of lands is enough to make the blood of any decent American boil with chagrin, indignation, and vicarious shame,"

(cf. Portraits of Famous Philosophers Who Were Also Mathematicians, in Scripta Mathematica, vol. III, 1935).

C.P. Snow. The Two Cultures and a Second Look (An Expanded Version of The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution).

Cambridge: At the University Press, 1965 (first printed in 1955).

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716). From the few works published during his lifetime, reference is made to Dissertatio de Arte Combinatoria (Leipzig, 1666). G.H. Parkinson translated some works in Leibniz Logical Papers (London, 1966). Another edition considered for this book is by Gaston Grua, Leibniz.

Textes indits (Paris, 1948), which offers some of the many ma.n.u.scripts in which important ideas remained hidden for a long time.

Humberto R. Maturana. The Neurophysiology of Cognition, in Cognition: A Multiple View (P. Garvin, Editor). New York: Spartan Books, 1969.

Humberto R. Maturana and Francisco J. Varela. El rbol del conocimiento, 1984. The work was translated as The Tree of Knowledge. The Biological Roots of Human Understanding.

Boston/London: Shambala New Science Library, 1987.

Terry Winograd. Understanding Natural Language. New York: Academic Press, 1972.

-. Language as Cognitive Process. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley, 1983.

Terry Winograd and Fernando Flores. Understanding Computers and Cognition. A New Foundation for Design. Norwood NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1986.

George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1980.

George Lakoff. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. (What Categories Reveal about the Mind). Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press, 1987.

"The point is that the level of categorization is not independent of who is doing the categorizing and on what basis" (p. 50).

With his seminal work on fuzzy sets, Lotfi Zadeh opened a new perspective relevant not only to technological progress, but also to a new philosophic perspective.

Fuzzy Sets, in Information and Control, 8 (1965), pp. 338-353.

Fuzzy Logic and Approximate Reasoning (in Memory of Grigore Moisil), in Synthse 30 (1975), pp. 407- 428.

Coping with the impression of the real world, in Communications of the a.s.sociation for Computing Machinery, 27 (1984), pp.

304-311.

George Steiner. Language and Silence. New York: Atheneum, 1967.

-. After Babel. Aspects of Language and Translation. London: Oxford University Press, 1975.