The Civil War Centennial Handbook Part 5

Madison--Russ Spindler, Box 377, Zone 1.

Milwaukee--H. P. Spangenberg, 203A South 77th Street.

CANADA (1)

Toronto--(Canadian Round Table), A. P. Colesbury, 518 Dovecourt Road.

ENGLAND (1)

London--(Confederate Research Club), Patrick C. Courtney, 34 Highclere Avenue, Leigh Park, Havant, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom.

GERMANY (1)

Wiesbaden--Lt. Col. Tom Nordan, Hdqs., USAFE, APO 633, N. Y., N. Y.

[Ill.u.s.tration: _None too military in appearance, such ragged squads of men and boys developed into an army that marched an average of 16 miles a day._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Smartly dressed amphibious soldiers. Some of the 3,000 U.S. Marines of the Civil War made landings on Southern coasts, but the majority served as gun crews aboard ship._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Jack-tars of the old Navy saw plenty of action in clearing the Mississippi and chasing down Confederate raiders of the high seas. Because of the high bounties and pay, many foreign seafarers were attracted to both navies._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Ill-clad and poorly equipped, Confederate volunteers at Pensacola, Florida, wait their turn for the smell of black powder._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _On the silent battlefield at Gettysburg, veterans of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia who survived the baptism by fire await their fate as prisoners of war._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Regimental camp sites created sanitary problems that went unsolved. Typhoid fever, diarrhea, and dysentery took the lives of over 70,000 Union soldiers._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Private residences like the Wallach House at Culpeper, Virginia, provided generals on both sides with comfortable quarters in the field. Staff officers were usually tented on the lawns._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Log cabins often replaced tents during the winter months when campaigning slackened and the armies settled down. In some camps it was not uncommon to find visiting army wives._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Soldiers turned to a variety of activities to break the long days and weeks of monotonous camplife. Even officers were not immune to the horseplay._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _When two or more Yanks or Rebs gathered together, a deck of cards often made its appearance. Fearful of an angry G.o.d, soldiers usually discarded such instruments of sin before entering battle._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Chess, a favorite pastime in camp, finds Colonel Martin McMahon, General Sedgwick's adjutant, engaged in the contest that was a favorite of Napoleon and many other military leaders._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _A much disliked ch.o.r.e even in fair weather--a lone Union soldier walks his post in the bitter cold at Nashville._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _A forerunner of Father Francis Patrick Duffy, heroic Chaplain of the famous 69th New York Regiment in World War I, says Ma.s.s for the Shamrock Regiment of the 1860's. Most Civil War regiments had a chaplain._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _A contribution to camp religious life, the 50th New York Engineers constructed this church for their comrades at Petersburg._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Newspaper correspondents like these from the_ New York Herald _kept the public well informed, though they often revealed valuable military information to the Confederacy. The New York paper usually reached the Confederate War Department on the day following publication._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _With the technique of photo-engraving yet to be developed, war scenes for newspapers and magazines had to be drawn and reproduced from woodcuts. Artists such as A. R. Waud, shown here at Gettysburg, vividly depicted the events for_ Harper's Weekly.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _The Civil War as it appeared back home. It was almost 40 years before the public saw the thousands of photographs taken by Mathew Brady and his contemporaries._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _In a desperate attempt to raise the Federal blockade of Southern ports, the Confederate Navy built the first ironclad. More than a dozen of these rams, all similar to the_ Albemarle _(pictured above), were constructed._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _At first, ironclads were scoffed at by Federal naval authorities, but the monitors, styled "iron coffins", proved their worth in battle with the river navies. By 1865 fifty-eight of the turreted vessels had been built, some of which became seagoing._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _With untiring vigilance, steam-powered gunboats like the_ Mendota _plied the Southern coastline to enforce the blockade against Confederate trade with England and France._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _The C.S.S._ Hunley_, a completely submersible craft, was hand-propelled by a crew of eight. The 25-foot submarine sank off Charleston along with her first and only victim, the U.S.S._ Housatonic.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Steam-powered torpedo boats of the Confederate Navy were capable of partially submerging with only their stacks showing. These tiny "Davids", named after the Biblical warrior, could be either manned or remotely controlled from sh.o.r.e._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: U.S. Army Uniforms (LIEUT. GENERAL U.S. ARMY. UNDRESS; BRIG. GENERAL U.S. ARMY. FULL DRESS; COLONEL OF INFANTRY U.S. ARMY. FULL DRESS; CAPTAIN OF ARTILLERY U.S. ARMY. FULL DRESS)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: U.S. Army Uniforms (MAJOR OF CAVALRY, U.S. ARMY. FULL DRESS; LIEUT. COLONEL, SURG., U.S. ARMY. OFFICERS OVERCOAT AND STAFF TROWSERS; SERGEANT MAJOR, ARTILLERY, U.S. ARMY. FULL DRESS; SERGEANT, INFANTRY, U.S. ARMY. FULL DRESS)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: U.S. Army Uniforms (PRIVATE, U.S. INFANTRY. FATIGUE MARCHING ORDER; CORPORAL, CAVALRY, U.S. ARMY. FULL DRESS; PRIVATE, LIGHT ARTILLERY, U.S. ARMY. FULL DRESS; GREAT COAT FOR ALL MOUNTED MEN CAVALRY)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: UNITED STATES UNIFORMS IN THE CIVIL WAR (REG. CAVALRY PRIVATE. GEN. GRANT'S UNIFORM. ARTILLERY LINE OFFICER. DURYEA'S ZOUAVE. HAWKIN'S ZOUAVE. REG. INFANTRY PRIVATE. DURYEA'S ZOUAVE LINE OFFICER. CAMPAIGN UNIFORM INFANTRY. REG. ARTILLERY PRIVATE. INFANTRY OVERCOAT.)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: CONFEDERATE UNIFORMS (NORTH CAROLINA MILITIA. REG.

INFANTRY PRIVATE. WASHINGTON ARTILLERY. MONTGOMERY TRUE BLUE. FIELD OFFICER OF INFANTRY. GEN. LEE'S UNIFORM. REG. CAVALRY PRIVATE. LOUISIANA TIGER. LOUISIANA ZOUAVE. REG. ARTILLERY PRIVATE.)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: C.S. Army Uniforms (GENERAL, C.S. ARMY. COLONEL, INFANTRY, C.S. ARMY. COLONEL, ENGINEERS, C.S. ARMY. MAJOR, CAVALRY, C.S.

ARMY.)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: C.S. Army Uniforms (SURGEON, MAJOR MED. DEPT., C.S. ARMY.

CAPTAIN, ARTILLERY, C.S. ARMY. FIRST LIEUTENANT INFANTRY, C.S. ARMY.

SERGEANT, CAVALRY, C.S. ARMY.)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: C.S. Army Uniforms (CORPORAL, ARTILLERY, C.S. ARMY.

PRIVATE, INFANTRY, C.S. ARMY. INFANTRY, C.S. ARMY. OVERCOAT; CAVALRY, C.S. ARMY. OVERCOAT)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _In 1864 nearly 4,000 wagons traveled with Meade's Army of the Potomac, each capable of carrying 2,500 pounds of supplies.

During one year the Federal Army purchased 14,500 wagons and captured an additional 2,000._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _"The muscles of his brawny arms are strong as ironbands...." Union Army blacksmiths had to shoe nearly 500 new horses and mules daily._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _An old timer that traveled many miles of Virginia road with a busy and tireless man--General U. S. Grant._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _General Lee had hoped that Virginia's numerous streams and rivers would delay Grant's advance, but Federal engineers with portable pontoon bridges kept the army at Lee's heels._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _This "cornstalk" bridge over Potomac Creek near Fredericksburg was built by the Military Railroad construction corps from 204,000 feet of standing timber in nine days._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _In one year (1864-1865) the Federal Military Railroad, with 365 engines and 4,203 cars, delivered over 5 million tons of supplies to the armies in the field._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Schooners piled high with cartridge boxes lie in the placid waters off Hampton Roads. In 1865 hundreds of Union troops and supplies were moved by ocean transports, chartered at a daily cost of $92,000._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Federal ships crowd the magazine wharf at City Point with equipment and supplies for army wagons from Petersburg. Twenty per cent of the total supply tonnage was transported by water._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: CIVIL WAR SMALL ARMS]