The Borough Part 16

Peter had heard there were in London then, - Still have they being!--workhouse-clearing men, Who, undisturb'd by feelings just or kind, Would parish-boys to needy tradesmen bind: They in their want a trifling sum would take, And toiling slaves of piteous orphans make.

Such Peter sought, and when a lad was found, The sum was dealt him, and the slave was bound.

Some few in town observed in Peter's trap A boy, with jacket blue and woollen cap; But none inquired how Peter used the rope, Or what the bruise that made the stripling stoop; None could the ridges on his back behold, None sought him shiv'ring in the winter's cold; None put the question,--"Peter, dost thou give The boy his food?--What, man! the lad must live: Consider, Peter, let the child have bread, He'll serve the better if he's stroked and fed."

None reason'd thus--and some, on hearing cries, Said calmly, "Grimes is at his exercise."

Pinn'd, beaten, cold, pinch'd, threaten'd, and abused - His efforts punish'd and his food refused, - Awake tormented,--soon aroused from sleep, - Struck if he wept, and yet compell'd to weep, The trembling boy dropp'd down and strove to pray, Received a blow, and trembling turn'd away, Or sobb'd and hid his piteous face;--while he, The savage master, grinn'd in horrid glee: He'd now the power he ever loved to show, A feeling being subject to his blow.

Thus lived the lad, in hunger, peril, pain, His tears despised, his supplications vain: Compe'lld by fear to lie, by need to steal, His bed uneasy and unbless'd his meal, For three sad years the boy his tortures bore, And then his pains and trials were no more.

"How died he, Peter?" when the people said, He growl'd--"I found him lifeless in his bed;"

Then tried for softer tone, and sigh'd, "Poor Sam is dead."

Yet murmurs were there, and some questions ask'd - How he was fed, how punish'd, and how task'd?

Much they suspected, but they little proved, And Peter pa.s.s'd untroubled and unmoved.

Another boy with equal ease was found, The money granted, and the victim bound; And what his fate?--One night it chanced he fell From the boat's mast and perish'd in her well, Where fish were living kept, and where the boy (So reason'd men) could not himself destroy: - "Yes! so it was" said Peter, "in his play, (For he was idle both by night and day,) He climb'd the main-mast and then fell below;" - Then show'd his corpse, and pointed to the blow.

"What said the jury?"--they were long in doubt, But st.u.r.dy Peter faced the matter out: So they dismissed him, saying at the time, "Keep fast your hatchway when you've boys who climb."

This. .h.i.t the conscience, and he colour'd more Than for the closest questions put before.

Thus all his fears the verdict set aside, And at the slave-shop Peter still applied.

Then came a boy, of manners soft and mild, - Our seamen's wives with grief beheld the child; All thought (the poor themselves) that he was one Of gentle blood, some n.o.ble sinner's son, Who had, belike, deceived some humble maid, Whom he had first seduced and then betray'd: - However this, he seem'd a gracious lad, In grief submissive, and with patience sad.

Pa.s.sive he labour'd, till his slender frame Bent with his loads, and he at length was lame: Strange that a frame so weak could bear so long The grossest insult and the foulest wrong; But there were causes--in the town they gave Fire, food, and comfort, to the gentle slave; And though stern Peter, with a cruel hand, And knotted rope, enforced the rude command, Yet he consider'd what he'd lately felt, And his vile blows with selfish pity dealt.

One day such draughts the cruel fisher made, He could not vend them in his borough-trade, But sail'd for London-mart: the boy was ill, But ever humbled to his master's will; And on the river, where they smoothly sail'd, He strove with terror and awhile prevail'd; But new to danger on the angry sea, He clung affrighten'd to his master's knee: The boat grew leaky and the wind was strong, Rough was the pa.s.sage and the time was long; His liquor fail'd, and Peter's wrath arose, - No more is known--the rest we must suppose, Or learn of Peter: --Peter says, he "spied The stripling's danger and for harbour tried; Meantime the fish, and then th' apprentice died."

The pitying women raised a clamour round, And weeping said, "Thou hast thy 'prentice drown'd."

Now the stern man was summon'd to the hall, To tell his tale before the burghers all: He gave th' account; profess'd the lad he loved, And kept his brazen features all unmoved.

The mayor himself with tone severe replied, - "Henceforth with thee shall never boy abide; Hire thee a freeman, whom thou durst not beat, But who, in thy despite, will sleep and eat: Free thou art now!--again shouldst thou appear, Thou'lt find thy sentence, like thy soul, severe."

Alas! for Peter not a helping hand, So was he hated, could he now command; Alone he row'd his boat, alone he cast His nets beside, or made his anchor fast: To hold a rope or hear a curse was none, - He toil'd and rail'd; he groan'd and swore alone.

Thus by himself compell'd to live each day, To wait for certain hours the tide's delay; At the same time the same dull views to see, The bounding marsh-bank and the blighted tree; The water only, when the tides were high, When low, the mud half cover'd and half-dry; The sun-burnt tar that blisters on the planks, And bank-side stakes in their uneven ranks; Heaps of entangled weeds that slowly float, As the tide rolls by the impeded boat.

When tides were neap, and, in the sultry day, Through the tall bounding mud-banks made their way, Which on each side rose swelling, and below The dark warm flood ran silently and slow; There anchoring, Peter chose from man to hide, There hang his head, and view the lazy tide In its hot slimy channel slowly glide; Where the small eels that left the deeper way For the warm sh.o.r.e, within the shallows play; Where gaping mussels, left upon the mud, Slope their slow pa.s.sage to the fallen flood; - Here dull and hopeless he'd lie down and trace How sidelong crabs had scrawi'd their crooked race, Or sadly listen to the tuneless cry Of fishing gull or clanging golden-eye; What time the sea-birds to the marsh would come.

And the loud bittern, from the bull-rush home, Gave from the salt ditch side the bellowing boom: He nursed the feelings these dull scenes produce, And loved to stop beside the opening sluice; Where the small stream, confined in narrow bound, Ran with a dull, unvaried, sadd'ning sound; Where all, presented to the eye or ear, Oppresss'd the soul with misery, grief, and fear.

Besides these objects, there were places three, Which Peter seem'd with certain dread to see; When he drew near them he would turn from each, And loudly whistle till he pa.s.s'd the reach.

A change of scene to him brought no relief, In town, 'twas plain, men took him for a thief: The sailor's wives would stop him in the street, And say, "Now, Peter, thou'st no boy to beat;"

Infants at play when they perceived him, ran, Warning each other--"That's the wicked man;"

He growl'd an oath, and in an angry tone Cursed the whole place and wish'd to be alone.

Alone he was, the same dull scenes in view, And still more gloomy in his sight they grew: Though man he hated, yet employ'd alone At bootless labour, he would swear and groan, Cursing the shoals that glided by the spot, And gulls that caught them when his arts could not.

Cold nervous tremblings shook his st.u.r.dy frame, And strange disease--he couldn't say the name; Wild were his dreams, and oft he rose in fright, Waked by his view of horrors in the night, - Horrors that would the sternest minds amaze, Horrors that demons might be proud to raise: And though he felt forsaken, grieved at heart, To think he lived from all mankind apart; Yet, if a man approach'd, in terrors he would start.

A winter pa.s.s'd since Peter saw the town, And summer lodgers were again come down; These, idly curious, with their gla.s.ses spied The ships in bay as anchor'd for the tide, - The river's craft,--the bustle of the quay, - And sea-port views, which landmen love to see.

One, up the river, had a man and boat Seen day by day, now anchor'd, now afloat; Fisher he seem'd, yet used no net nor hook; Of sea-fowl swimming by no heed he took, But on the gliding waves still fix'd his lazy look: At certain stations he would view the stream, As if he stood bewilder'd in a dream, Or that some power had chain'd him for a time, To feel a curse or meditate on crime.

This known, some curious, some in pity went, And others question'd--"Wretch, dost thou repent?"

He heard, he trembled, and in fear resign'd His boat: new terror fill'd his restless mind; Furious he grew, and up the country ran, And there they seized him--a distemper'd man: - Him we received, and to a parish-bed, Follow'd and cursed, the groaning man was led.

Here when they saw him, whom they used to shun, A lost, lone man, so hara.s.s'd and undone; Our gentle females, ever prompt to feel, Perceived compa.s.sion on their anger steal; His crimes they could not from their memories blot, But they were grieved, and trembled at his lot.

A priest too came, to whom his words are told; And all the signs they shudder'd to behold.

"Look! look!" they cried; "His limbs with horror shake And as he grinds his teeth, what noise they make!

How glare his angry eyes, and yet he's not awake: See! what cold drops upon his forehead stand, And how he clenches that broad bony hand."

The Priest attending, found he spoke at times As one alluding to his fears and crimes; "It was the fall," he mutter'd, "I can show The manner how,--I never struck a blow:" - And then aloud,--"Unhand me, free my chain; On oath he fell--it struck him to the brain: - Why ask my father?--that old man will swear Against my life; besides, he wasn't there: What, all agreed?--Am I to die to-day? - My Lord, in mercy give me time to pray."

Then as they watch'd him, calmer he became, And grew so weak he couldn't move his frame, But murmuring spake--while they could see and hear The start of terror and the groan of fear; See the large dew-beads on his forehead rise, And the cold death-drop glaze his sunken eyes: Nor yet he died, but with unwonted force Seem'd with some fancied being to discourse: He knew not us, or with accustom'd art He hid the knowledge, yet exposed his heart; 'Twas part confession and the rest defence, A madman's tale, with gleams of waking sense.

"I'll tell you all," he said, "The very day When the old man first placed them in my way: My father's spirit--he who always tried To give me trouble, when he lived and died - When he was gone he could not be content To see my days in painful labour spent, But would appoint his meetings, and he made Me watch at these, and so neglect my trade.

"'Twas one hot noon, all silent, still, serene, No living being had I lately seen; I paddled up and down and dipp'd my net, But (such his pleasure) I could nothing get, - A father's pleasure, when his toil was done, To plague and torture thus an only son!

And so I sat and look'd upon the stream, How it ran on and felt as in a dream: But dream it was not: No!--I fix'd my eyes On the mid stream and saw the spirits rise: I saw my father on the water stand, And hold a thin pale boy in either hand; And there they glided ghastly on the top Of the salt flood, and never touch'd a drop: I would have struck them, but they knew th' intent, And smiled upon the oar, and down they went.

"Now, from that day, whenever I began To dip my net, there stood the hard old man - He and those boys: I humbled me and pray'd They would be gone; they heeded not, but stay'd: Nor could I turn, nor would the boat go by, But, gazing on the spirits, there was I: They bade me leap to death, but I was loth to die: And every day, as sure as day arose, Would these three spirits meet me ere the close; To hear and mark them daily was my doom, And 'Come,' they said, with weak, sad voices, 'Come.'

To row away, with all my strength I tried, But there were they hard by me in the tide, The three unbodied forms--and 'Come, still come,' they cried.

"Fathers should pity--but this old man shook His h.o.a.ry locks, and froze me by a look: Thrice when I struck them, through the water came A hollow groan, that weaken'd all my frame: 'Father!' said I, 'Have mercy:' he replied, I know not what--the angry spirit lied, - 'Didst thou not draw thy knife?' said he: --'Twas true, But I had pity and my arm withdrew: He cried for mercy, which I kindly gave, But he has no compa.s.sion in his grave.

"There were three places, where they ever rose, - The whole long river has not such as those - Places accursed, where, if a man remain, He'll see the things which strike him to the brain; And there they made me on my paddle lean, And look at them for hours;--accursed scene!

When they would glide to that smooth eddy-s.p.a.ce, Then bid me leap and join them in the place; And at my groans each little villain sprite Enjoy'd my pains and vanish'd in delight.

"In one fierce summer-day, when my poor brain Was burning hot, and cruel was my pain, Then came this father-foe, and there he stood With his two boys again upon the flood: There was more mischief in their eyes, more glee In their pale faces, when they glared at me: Still they did force me on the oar to rest, And when they saw me fainting and oppress'd, He with his hand, the old man, scoop'd the flood, And there came flame about him mix'd with blood; He bade me stoop and look upon the place, Then flung the hot-red liquor in my face; Burning it blazed, and then I roar'd for pain, I thought the demons would have turn'd my brain.

"Still there they stood, and forced me to behold A place of horrors--they can not be told - Where the flood open'd, there I heard the shriek Of tortured guilt--no earthly tongue can speak: 'All days alike! for ever!' did they say, 'And unremitted torments every day' - Yes, so they said"--But here he ceased and gazed On all around, affrighten'd and amazed; And still he tried to speak, and look'd in dread Of frighten'd females gathering round his bed; Then dropp'd exhausted, and appear'd at rest, Till the strong foe the vital powers possess'd; Then with an inward, broken voice he cried, "Again they come!" and mutter'd as he died. {13}

LETTER XXIII.

Poena autem vehemens ac multo saevior illis, Quas et Caeditius gravis invenit aut Rhadamanthus, Nocte dieque suum gestare in pectore testem.

JUVENAL, Satire xiii.

. . . . Think my former state a happy dream, From which awaked, the truth of what we are Shows us but this,--I am sworn brother now To grim Necessity, and he and I Will keep a league till death.

SHAKESPEARE, Richard II.

PRISONS. {14}

The Mind of Man accommodates itself to all Situations; Prisons otherwise would be intolerable--Debtors: their different kinds: three particularly described; others more briefly--An arrested Prisoner: his Account of his Feelings and his Situation--The Alleviations of a Prison--Prisoners for Crimes--Two Condemned: a vindictive Female: a Highwayman--The Interval between Condemnation and Execution--His Feelings as the Time approaches--His Dream.

'TIS well--that Man to all the varying states Of good and ill his mind accommodates; He not alone progressive grief sustains, But soon submits to unexperienced pains: Change after change, all climes his body bears; His mind repeated shocks of changing cares: Faith and fair Virtue arm the n.o.bler breast; Hope and mere want of feeling aid the rest.

Or who could bear to lose the balmy air Of summer's breath, from all things fresh and fair, With all that man admires or loves below; All earth and water, wood and vale bestow, Where rosy pleasures smile, whence real blessings flow; With sight and sound of every kind that lives, And crowning all with joy that freedom gives?

Who could from these, in some unhappy day, Bear to be drawn by ruthless arms away, To the vile nuisance of a noisome room, Where only insolence and misery come?

(Save that the curious will by chance appear, Or some in pity drop a fruitless tear); To a damp Prison, where the very sight Of the warm sun is favour and not right; Where all we hear or see the feelings shock, The oath and groan, the fetter and the lock?

Who could bear this and live?--Oh! many a year All this is borne, and miseries more severe; And some there are, familiar with the scene, Who live in mirth, though few become serene.

Far as I might the inward man perceive, There was a constant effort--not to grieve: Not to despair, for better days would come, And the freed debtor smile again at home: Subdued his habits, he may peace regain, And bless the woes that were not sent in vain.

Thus might we cla.s.s the Debtors here confined, The more deceived, the more deceitful kind; Here are the guilty race, who mean to live On credit, that credulity will give; Who purchase, conscious they can never pay; Who know their fate, and traffic to betray; On whom no pity, fear, remorse, prevail.

Their aim a statute, their resource a jail; - These are the public spoilers we regard, No dun so harsh, no creditor so hard.

A second kind are they, who truly strive To keep their sinking credit long alive; Success, nay prudence, they may want, but yet They would be solvent, and deplore a debt; All means they use, to all expedients run, And are by slow, sad steps, at last undone: Justly, perhaps, you blame their want of skill, But mourn their feelings and absolve their will.

There is a Debtor, who his trifling all Spreads in a shop; it would not fill a stall: There at one window his temptation lays, And in new modes disposes and displays: Above the door you shall his name behold, And what he vends in ample letters told, The words 'Repository,' 'Warehouse,' all He uses to enlarge concerns so small: He to his goods a.s.signs some beauty's name, Then in her reign, and hopes they'll share her fame, And talks of credit, commerce, traffic, trade, As one important by their profit made; But who can paint the vacancy, the gloom, And spare dimensions of one backward room?

Wherein he dines, if so 'tis fit to speak Of one day's herring and the morrow's steak: An anchorite in diet, all his care Is to display his stock and vend his ware.

Long waiting hopeless, then he tries to meet A kinder fortune in a distant street; There he again displays, increasing yet Corroding sorrow and consuming debt: Alas! he wants the requisites to rise - The true connections, the availing ties: They who proceed on certainties advance, These are not times when men prevail by chance; But still he tries, till, after years of pain, He finds, with anguish, he has tried in vain.

Debtors are these on whom 'tis hard to press, 'Tis base, impolitic, and merciless.

To these we add a miscellaneous kind, By pleasure, pride, and indolence confined; Those whom no calls, no warnings could divert, The unexperienced, and the inexpert; The builder, idler, schemer, gamester, sot, - The follies different, but the same their lot; Victims of horses, la.s.ses, drinking, dice, Of every pa.s.sion, humour, whim, and vice.

See! that sad Merchant, who but yesterday Had a vast household in command and pay; He now entreats permission to employ A boy he needs, and then entreats the boy.

And there sits one improvident but kind, Bound for a friend, whom honour could not bind; Sighing, he speaks to any who appear, "A treach'rous friend--'twas that which sent me here: I was too kind,--I thought I could depend On his bare word--he was a treach'rous friend."

A Female too!--it is to her a home, She came before--and she again will come: Her friends have pity; when their anger drops, They take her home;--she's tried her schools and shops - Plan after plan;--but fortune would not mend, She to herself was still the treach'rous friend; And wheresoe'er began, all here was sure to end: And there she sits, as thoughtless and as gay As if she'd means, or not a debt to pay - Or knew to-morrow she'd be call'd away - Or felt a shilling and could dine to-day.

While thus observing, I began to trace The sober'd features of a well-known face - Looks once familiar, manners form'd to please, And all illumined by a heart at ease: But fraud and flattery ever claim'd a part (Still unresisted) of that easy heart; But he at length beholds me--"Ah! my friend!

"And have thy pleasures this unlucky end?"

"Too sure," he said, and smiling as he sigh'd; "I went astray, though Prudence seem'd my guide; All she proposed I in my heart approved, And she was honour'd, but my pleasure loved - Pleasure, the mistress to whose arms I fled, From wife-like lectures angry Prudence read.

"Why speak the madness of a life like mine, The powers of beauty, novelty, and wine?

Why paint the wanton smile, the venal vow, Or friends whose worth I can appreciate now; Oft I perceived my fate, and then could say, I'll think to-morrow, I must live to-day: So am I here--I own the laws are just - And here, where thought is painful, think I must: But speech is pleasant; this discourse with thee Brings to my mind the sweets of liberty, Breaks on the sameness of the place, and gives The doubtful heart conviction that it lives.

"Let me describe my anguish in the hour When law detain'd me and I felt its power.

"When, in that shipwreck, this I found my sh.o.r.e, And join'd the wretched, who were wreck'd before; When I perceived each feature in the face, Pinch'd through neglect or turbid by disgrace; When in these wasting forms affliction stood In my afiiicted view, it chill'd my blood; - And forth I rush'd, a quick retreat to make, Till a loud laugh proclaim'd the dire mistake: But when the groan had settled to a sigh, When gloom became familiar to the eye, When I perceive how others seem to rest, With every evil rankling in my breast, - Led by example, I put on the man, Sing off my sighs, and trifle as I can.

"Homer! nay Pope! (for never will I seek Applause for learning--nought have I with Greek) Gives us the secrets of his pagan h.e.l.l, Where ghost with ghost in sad communion dwell; Where shade meets shade, and round the gloomy meads They glide, and speak of old heroic deeds, - What fields they conquer'd, and what foes they slew, And sent to join the melancholy crew.

When a new spirit in that world was found, A thousand shadowy forms came flitting round: Those who had known him, fond inquiries made, - 'Of all we left, inform us, gentle shade, Now as we lead thee in our realms to dwell, Our twilight groves, and meads of asphodel.'

"What paints the poet, is our station here, Where we like ghosts and flitting shades appear: This is the h.e.l.l he sings, and here we meet, And former deeds to new-made friends repeat; Heroic deeds, which here obtain us fame, And are in fact the causes why we came: Yes! this dim region is old Homer's h.e.l.l, Abate but groves and meads of asphodel.

Here, when a stranger from your world we spy, We gather round him and for news apply; He hears unheeding, nor can speech endure, But shivering gazes on the vast obscure: We smiling pity, and by kindness show We felt his feelings and his terrors know; Then speak of comfort--time will give him sight, Where now 'tis dark; where now 'tis woe--delight.

'Have hope,' we say, 'and soon the place to thee Shall not a prison but a castle be: When to the wretch whom care and guilt confound, The world's a prison, with a wider bound; Go where he may, he feels himself confined, And wears the fetters of an abject mind.'

"But now adieu! those giant-keys appear, Thou art not worthy to be inmate here: Go to thy world, and to the young declare What we, our spirits and employments, are; Tell them how we the ills of life endure, Our empire stable, and our state secure; Our dress, our diet, for their use describe, And bid them haste to join the gen'rous tribe: Go to thy world, and leave us here to dwell, Who to its joys and comforts bid farewell."

Farewell to these; but other scenes I view, And other griefs, and guilt of deeper hue; Where Conscience gives to outward ills her pain, Gloom to the night, and pressure to the chain: Here separate cells awhile in misery keep Two doom'd to suffer: there they strive for sleep; By day indulged, in larger s.p.a.ce they range, Their bondage certain, but their bounds have change.