The Ancestor's Tale Part 23

[181] Manger, P. R. & Pettigrew, J. D. (1995) Electroreception and feeding behaviour of the platypus (Ornithorhychus anatinus: Monotrema: Mammalia). Monotrema: Mammalia). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences 347: 347: 359381. 359381.

[182] Marcus, G. F. & Fisher, S. E. (2003) FOXP2 in focus: what can genes tell us about speech and language? Trends in Cognitive Sciences Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7: 7: 257262. 257262.

[183] Margulis, L. (1981) Symbiosis in Cell Evolution Symbiosis in Cell Evolution. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.

[184] Mark Welch, D. & Meselson, M. (2000) Evidence for the evolution of bdelloid rotifers without s.e.xual reproduction or genetic exchange. Science Science 288: 288: 12111219. 12111219.

[185] Martin, R. D. (1981) Relative brain size and basal metabolic rate in terrestrial vertebrates. Nature Nature 293: 293: 5760. 5760.

[186] Mash, R. (2003/1983) How to Keep Dinosaurs How to Keep Dinosaurs. Weidenfeld & Nicholson, London.

[187] Maynard Smith, J. (1978) The Evolution of s.e.x The Evolution of s.e.x. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

[188] Maynard Smith, J. (1986) Evolution contemplating life without s.e.x. Nature Nature 324: 324: 300301. 300301.

[189] Maynard Smith, J. & Szathmary, E. (1995) The Major Transitions in Evolution The Major Transitions in Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

[190] Mayr, E. (1985/1982) The Growth of Biological Thought The Growth of Biological Thought. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Ma.s.s.

[191] Medina, M., Collins, A. G., Silberman, J. D., & Sogin, M. L. (2001) Evaluating hypotheses of basal animal phylogeny using complete sequences of large and small subunit rRNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 98: 98: 97079712. 97079712.

[192] Menotti-Raymond, M. & O'Brien, S. J. (1993) Dating the genetic bottleneck of the African cheetah. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 90: 90: 31723176. 31723176.

[193] Milius, S. (2000) Bdelloids: No s.e.x for over 40 million years. Science News Science News 157: 157: 326. 326.

[194] Miller, G. (2000) The Mating Mind: How s.e.xual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature The Mating Mind: How s.e.xual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature. Heinemann, London.

[195] Miller, K. R. (1999) Finding Darwin's G.o.d: A Scientist's Search for Common Ground Between G.o.d and Evolution Finding Darwin's G.o.d: A Scientist's Search for Common Ground Between G.o.d and Evolution. Cliff Street Books (HarperCollins), New York.

[196] Miller, K. R. (2004) The flagellum unspun: the collapse of 'irreducible complexity'. In Debating Design: From Darwin to DNA Debating Design: From Darwin to DNA (Ruse, M. & Dembski, W., eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. (Ruse, M. & Dembski, W., eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

[197] Mills, D. R., Peterson, R. L., & Spiegelman, S. (1967) An extracellular Darwinian experiment with a self-duplicating nucleic acid molecule. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 58: 58: 217224. 217224.

[198] Milner, A. R. & Sequeira, S. E. K. (1994) The temnospondyl amphibians from the Visean of East Kirkton. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 84: 84: 331361. 331361.

[199] Miya, M., Takeshima, H., Endo, H., et al et al. (2003) Major patterns of higher teleostean phylogenies: A new perspective based on 100 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26: 26: 121138. 121138.

[200] Mollon, J. D., Bowmaker, J. K., & Jacobs, G. H. (1984) Variations of colour vision in a New World primate can be explained by polymorphism of retinal photopigments. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Series B Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Series B 222: 222: 373399. 373399.

[201] Monod, J. (1972) Chance and Necessity: Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology Chance and Necessity: Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology. Collins, London.

[202] Montgelard, C., Bentz, S., Tirard, C., et al et al. (2002) Molecular systematics of Sciurognathi (Rodentia): The mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S rRNA genes support the Anomaluroidea (Pedetidae and Anomaluridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22: 22: 220233. 220233.

[203] Moreira, D., Le Guyader, H., & Philippe, H. (2000) The origin of red algae and the evolution of chloroplasts. Nature Nature 405: 405: 3233. 3233.

[204] Morgan, E. (1997) The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis. Souvenir Press, London.

[205] Murata, Y., Nikaido, M., Sasaki, T., et al et al. (2003) Afrotherian phylogeny as inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28: 28: 253260. 253260.

[206] Murdock, G. P. (1967) Ethnographic Atlas Ethnographic Atlas. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh.

[207] Murphy, W. J., Eizirik, E., O'Brien, S. J., et al et al. (2001) Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogenetics. Science Science 294: 294: 23482351. 23482351.

[208] Musser, A. M. (2003) Review of the monotreme fossil record and comparison of palaeontological and molecular data. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 136: 136: 927942. 927942.

[209] Nelson, J. S. (1994) Fishes of the World Fishes of the World. John Wiley, New York, 3rd edn.

[210] Nesse, R. M. & Williams, G. C. (1994) The Science of Darwinian Medicine The Science of Darwinian Medicine. Orion, London.

[211] Nikoh, N., Iwabe, N., k.u.ma, K.-I., et al et al. (1997) An estimate of divergence time of Parazoa and Eumetazoa and that of Cephalochordata and Vertebrata by aldolase and triose phosphate isomerase clocks. Journal of Molecular Evolution Journal of Molecular Evolution 45: 45: 97106. 97106.

[212] Nilsson, M. A., Gullberg, A., Spotorno, A. E., et al et al. (2003) Radiation of extant marsupials after the K/T boundary: Evidence from complete mitochondrial genomes. Journal of Molecular Evolution Journal of Molecular Evolution 57: 57: S3S12. S3S12.

[213] Norman, D. (1991) Dinosaur! Dinosaur! Boxtree, London. Boxtree, London.

[214] Nozaki, H., Matsuzaki, M., Takahara, M., et al et al. (2003) The phylogenetic position of red algae revealed by multiple nuclear genes from mitochondria-containing eukaryotes and an alternative hypothesis on the origin of plastids. Journal of Molecular Evolution Journal of Molecular Evolution 56: 56: 48597. 48597.

[215] Ohta, T. (1992) The nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23: 23: 263286. 263286.

[216] Oparin, A. I. (1938) The Origin of Life The Origin of Life. Macmillan, New York.

[217] Orgel, L. E. (1998) The origin of life a review of facts and speculations. Trends in Biochemical Sciences Trends in Biochemical Sciences 23: 23: 491495. 491495.

[218] Pagel, M. & Bodmer, W. (2003) A naked ape would have fewer parasites. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences (Suppl.) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences (Suppl.) 270: 270: S117S119. S117S119.

[219] Panchen, A. L. (2001) etienne Geoffroy St.-Hilaire: Father of 'evodevo'? Evolution and Development Evolution and Development 3: 3: 4146. 4146.

[220] Parker, A. (2003) In the Blink of an Eye: The Cause of the Most Dramatic Event in the History of Life In the Blink of an Eye: The Cause of the Most Dramatic Event in the History of Life. Free Press, London.

[221] Partridge, T. C., Granger, D. E., Caffee, M. W., & Clarke, R. J. (2003) Lower Pliocene hominid remains from Sterkfontein. Science Science 300: 300: 607612. 607612.

[222] Penfield, W. & Rasmussen, T. (1950) The Cerebral Cortex of Man: A Clinical Study of Localization of Function The Cerebral Cortex of Man: A Clinical Study of Localization of Function. Macmillan, New York.

[223] Perdeck, A. C. (1957) The isolating value of specific song patterns in two sibling species of gra.s.shoppers. Behaviour Behaviour 12: 12: 175. 175.

[224] Peterson, K. J. & Eernisse, D. J. (2001) Animal phylogeny and the ancestry of bilaterians: Inferences from morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequences. Evolution and Development Evolution and Development 3: 3: 170205. 170205.

[225] Pettigrew, J. D., Manger, P. R., & Fine, S. L. B. (1998) The sensory world of the platypus. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences 353: 353: 11991210. 11991210.

[226] Pinker, S. (1994) The Language Instinct: The New Science of Language and Mind The Language Instinct: The New Science of Language and Mind. Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, London.

[227] Pinker, S. (1997) How the Mind Works How the Mind Works. Norton, New York.

[228] Pough, F. H., Andrews, R. M., Cadle, J. E., & Crump, M. (2001) Herpetology Herpetology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J., 2nd ed.

[229] Pullman, P. (2001) His Dark Materials Trilogy His Dark Materials Trilogy. Scholastic Press, London.

[230] Purvis, A. (1995) A composite estimate of primate phylogeny. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 348: 348: 405421. 405421.

[231] Ragan, M. A., Goggin, C. L., Cawthorn, R. J., et al et al. (1996) A novel clade of protistan parasites near the animal-fungal divergence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 93: 93: 1190711912. 1190711912.

[232] Reader, J. (1988) Man on Earth Man on Earth. Collins, London.

[233] Reader, J. (1998) Africa: A Biography of the Continent Africa: A Biography of the Continent. Penguin, London.

[234] Rebek, J. (1994) Synthetic self-replicating molecules. Scientific American Scientific American 271 271 (July): 4855. (July): 4855.

[235] Rees, M. (1999) Just Six Numbers Just Six Numbers. Science Masters, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London.

[236] Reno, P. L., Meindl, R. S., McCollum, M. A., & Lovejoy, C. O. (2003) s.e.xual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis was similar to that of modern humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 100: 100: 94049409. 94049409.

[237] Richardson, M. K. & Keuck, G. (2002) Haeckel's ABC of evolution and development. Biological Reviews Biological Reviews 77: 77: 495528. 495528.

[238] Richmond, B. G., Begun, D. R., & Strait, D. S. (2001) Origin of human bipedalism: The knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 44: 44: 70105. 70105.

[239] Ridley, Mark (1983) The Explanation of Organic Diversity The Comparative Method and Adaptations for Mating The Explanation of Organic Diversity The Comparative Method and Adaptations for Mating. Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press, Oxford.

[240] Ridley, Mark (1986) Embryology and cla.s.sical zoology in Great Britain. In A History of Embryology: The Eighth Symposium of the British Society for Developmental Biology A History of Embryology: The Eighth Symposium of the British Society for Developmental Biology (Horder, T. J., Witkowski, J., & Wylie, C. C., eds.), pp. 3567, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. (Horder, T. J., Witkowski, J., & Wylie, C. C., eds.), pp. 3567, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

[241] Ridley, Mark (2000) Mendel's Demon: Gene Justice and the Complexity of Life Mendel's Demon: Gene Justice and the Complexity of Life. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London.

[242] Ridley, Matt (1993) The Red Queen: s.e.x and the Evolution of Human Nature The Red Queen: s.e.x and the Evolution of Human Nature. Viking, London.

[243] Ridley, Matt (2003) Nature Via Nurture: Genes, Experience and What Makes Us Human Nature Via Nurture: Genes, Experience and What Makes Us Human. Fourth Estate, London.

[244] Rodriguez-Trelles, F., Tarrio, R., & Ayala, F. J. (2002) A methodological bias toward overestimation of molecular evolutionary time scales. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 99: 99: 81128115. 81128115.

[245] Rokas, A. & Holland, P. W. H. (2000) Rare genomic changes as a tool for phylogenetics. Trends in Ecology and Evolution Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15: 15: 454459. 454459.

[246] Roos, C. & Geissmann, T. (2001) Molecular phylogeny of the major hylobatid divisions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 19: 19: 486494. 486494.

[247] Ruiz-Trillo, I., Paps, J., Loukota, M., et al et al. (2002) A phylogenetic a.n.a.lysis of myosin heavy chain type II sequences corroborates that Acoela and Nemertodermatida are basal bilaterians. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 99: 99: 1124611251. 1124611251.

[248] Ruppert, E. E. & Barnes, R. D. (1994) Invertebrate Zoology Invertebrate Zoology. Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth, 6th ed.

[249] Sacks, O. (1996) The Island of the Colour-blind and Cycad Island The Island of the Colour-blind and Cycad Island. Picador, London.

[250] Saffhill, R., Schneider-Bernloer, H., Orgel, L. E., & Spiegelman, S. (1970) In vitro In vitro selection of bacteriophage Q ribonucleic acid variants resistant to ethidium bromide. selection of bacteriophage Q ribonucleic acid variants resistant to ethidium bromide. Journal of Molecular Biology Journal of Molecular Biology 51: 51: 531539. 531539.

[251] Sanchez-Villagra, M. R. (2001) The phylogenetic relationships of argyrolagid marsupials. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131: 131: 481496. 481496.

[252] Sansom, I. J., Smith, M. M., & Smith, M. P. (2001) The Ordovician radiation of vertebrates. In Major Events in Early Vertebrate Evolution Major Events in Early Vertebrate Evolution (Ahlberg, P. E., ed.), chap. 10, Taylor and Francis, London. (Ahlberg, P. E., ed.), chap. 10, Taylor and Francis, London.

[253] Schluter, D. (2000) The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

[254] Schmitz, J., Ohme, M., & Zischler, H. (2001) SINE insertions in cladistic a.n.a.lyses and the phylogenetic affiliations of Tarsius banca.n.u.s Tarsius banca.n.u.s to other primates. to other primates. Genetics Genetics 157: 157: 777784. 777784.

[255] Schopf, J. W. (1999) Cradle of Life The Discovery of Earth's Earliest Fossils Cradle of Life The Discovery of Earth's Earliest Fossils. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.

[256] Schussler, D., Schwarzott, C., & Walker, A. (2001) A new phylum, the Glomeromycota: Phylogeny and evolution. Mycological Research Mycological Research 105: 105: 14131421. 14131421.

[257] Scotese, C. R. (2001) Atlas of Earth History Atlas of Earth History, vol. 1, Palaeography. PALEOMAP project, Arlington, Texas.

[258] Seehausen, O. & van Alphen, J. J. M. (1998) The effect of male coloration on female mate choice in closely related Lake Victoria cichlids (Haplochromis nyererei complex). complex). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 42: 42: 18. 18.

[259] Senut, B., Pickford, M., Gommery, D., et al et al. (2001) First hominid from the Miocene (Lukeino Formation, Kenya). Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Series IIA Earth and Planetary Science Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Series IIA Earth and Planetary Science 332: 332: 137144. 137144.

[260] Sepkoski, J. J. (1996) Patterns of Phanerozoic extinction: A perspective from global databases. In Global Events and Event Stratigraphy in the Phanerozoic Global Events and Event Stratigraphy in the Phanerozoic (Walliser, O. H., ed.), pp. 3551, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Walliser, O. H., ed.), pp. 3551, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

[261] Shapiro, B., Sibthorpe, D., Rambaut, A., et al et al. (2002) Flight of the dodo. Science Science 295: 295: 1683. 1683.

[262] Sheets-Johnstone, M. (1990) The Roots of Thinking The Roots of Thinking. Temple University Press, Philadelphia.

[263] Shirai, S. (1996) Phylogenetic interrelationships of neoselachians (Chondrichthyes: Euselachii). In Interrelationships of Fishes Interrelationships of Fishes (Stia.s.sny, M. L. J., Parenti, L. R., & Johnsson, G. D., eds.), pp. 934, Academic Press, San Diego. (Stia.s.sny, M. L. J., Parenti, L. R., & Johnsson, G. D., eds.), pp. 934, Academic Press, San Diego.

[264] Shu, D.-G., Luo, H.-L., Conway-Morris, S., et al et al. (1999) Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China. Nature Nature 402: 402: 4246. 4246.

[265] Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L. (1990) Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven.

[266] Simpson, G. G. (1980) Splendid Isolation: The Curious History of South American Mammals Splendid Isolation: The Curious History of South American Mammals. Yale University Press, New Haven.

[267] Slack, J. M. W., Holland, P. W. H., & Graham, C. F. (1993) The zoo-type and the phylotypic stage. Nature Nature 361: 361: 490492. 490492.

[268] Smith, D. C. (1979) From extracellular to intracellular: The establishment of a symbiosis. In The Cell as a Habitat The Cell as a Habitat (Richmond, M. H. & Smith, D. C., eds.), Royal Society of London, London. (Richmond, M. H. & Smith, D. C., eds.), Royal Society of London, London.

[269] Smolin, L. (1997) The Life of the Cosmos The Life of the Cosmos. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London.

[270] Southwood, T. R. E. (2003) The Story of Life The Story of Life. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

[271] Springer, M. S., Murphy, W. J., Eizirik, E., & O'Brien, S. J. (2003) Placental mammal diversification and the CretaceousTertiary boundary. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 100: 100: 10561061. 10561061.

[272] Springer, M. S., Westerman, M., Kavanagh, J. R., et al et al. (1998) The origin of the Australasian marsupial fauna and the phylogenetic affinities of the enigmatic monito del monte and marsupial mole. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 265: 265: 23812386. 23812386.

[273] Stewart, C. B. & Disotell, T. R. (1998) Primate evolution in and out of Africa. Current Biology Current Biology 8: 8: R582R588. R582R588.

[274] Stringer, C. (2003) Human evolution out of Ethiopia. Nature Nature 423: 423: 692695. 692695.

[275] Sumper, M. & Luce, R. (1975) Evidence for de novo de novo production of self-replicating and environmentally adapted RNA structures by bacteriophage Q replicase. production of self-replicating and environmentally adapted RNA structures by bacteriophage Q replicase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 72: 72: 162166. 162166.

[276] Sutherland, J. L. (1933) Protozoa from Australian termites. Quarterly Journal of Microscopic Science Quarterly Journal of Microscopic Science 76: 76: 145173. 145173.

[277] Swift, J. (1733) Poetry, A Rhapsody Poetry, A Rhapsody.

[278] Syed, T. & Schierwater, B. (2002) Trichoplax adhaerens: Trichoplax adhaerens: discovered as a missing link, forgotten as a hydrozoan, rediscovered as a key to metazoan evolution. discovered as a missing link, forgotten as a hydrozoan, rediscovered as a key to metazoan evolution. Vie et Milieu Vie et Milieu 52: 52: 177187. 177187.

[279] Takezaki, N., Figueroa, F., Zaleska-Rutczynska, Z., & Klein, J. (2003) Molecular phylogeny of early vertebrates: Monophyly of the agnathans as revealed by sequences of 35 genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution Molecular Biology and Evolution 20: 20: 287292. 287292.

[280] Tamm, S. L. (1982) Flagellated endosymbiotic bacteria propel a eukaryotic cell. Journal of Cell Biology Journal of Cell Biology 94: 94: 697709. 697709.