The American Nations Part 34

_Elu_ the root is probably akin to the _Aleim_ or _Elohim_ of Moses, and _Elai_ meaning strong in Hebrew: also to _Her-cules_ of the Latins, _Hera-cleen_ of the Greek, _Her_ prefixed meaning Lord.

27 Here the people begin to be called O-LINI, this was probably their old name when coming to America. The tribes that used R for L must have said _O-rini_, those who have neither, as the Niniwas and Ottawas, say _O-nini_. This will afford matter for many philological enquiries and comparisons.

_ 28 W'oken-api_ properly mean _the fathers manly_. _Shinaki_ the first seat in America must have been near Alaska, and the big _Shinaki_, the N. W. coast.

29 It is doubtful whether these 10 nameless kings were successive or contemporary during the civil strifes. But the first is most probable. If otherwise, this lessens the generations.

30 This southern land of _Akolaking_, and the subsequent _Minihaking_, cannot be identified; but were west of Oregon mountains, probably the Oregon country.

31 As early as 72 generations before 1600 or about 800 years before our era, we find a recorder of old events, by means of _Olum_. Compare _Olen_ and _Olam_ of Celts.

32 Here this people leave at last the Sea sh.o.r.es, and strike to the east over the mountains. In _Oligon_, we have the etymology of Oregon.

_ 33 Wisawana_ is either the Missouri or Yellowstone.

34 This _Tamenend_ is famous in the songs of the Linapis, and many kings took that t.i.tle afterwards. He is also the _Amik-wi_ or great beaver of the Miamis and Ottawas.

35 Wingenund must have been another legislator, and high-priest. His festivals are called _Gentiko_, and known to many nations.

_ 36 Maskan-Sini_, must be the Sioux and a.s.sinis, called stony or hard people throughout North America. The subsequent foes _Akowini_ appear to be the _Kowetas_, the _Lowa.n.u.ski_ are the Esquimaux, _Lowakon_ are the Ozages and Missouri tribes. Thus this was a period of invasions by many nations, which compelled the Linapis to go further east.

37 The Nemasipi is the Mississippi, so says Hekewelder: where began the wars with the _Talegas_, the northern Toltecas or Atlantes, towards 48 generations before 1600, near the beginning of our era, which continued for 4 generations or over 130 years, till about 150 after Christ. The allies Talamatans are the Hurons and Iroquois then united, since called _Delamatan_ and _Lamatan_. The traditions of Hekewelder and Cusick both agree here in fact and time. That of Hekewelder is most ample, taken from other songs; but these supply names omitted by both. I rather think the Nemosipi must have been the Ozages or Illinois river, since the Mississippi is called afterwards Masispek, and the monuments of the Talegas are found west of it at St. Louis &c.

In my ancient history of Kentucky, having only for guide Hekewelder and some other traditions, I placed the conquest of the Talegas about 500 of our era; but these annals are more correct and remove further this event. The computation of Cusick annals of Ongwis place this great event still earlier, or between 300 and 100 years before our era. I knew neither Cusick nor the Wallam-Olum in 1824.

38 Here we find another recorder of events who probably wrote the former wars with the Talegas.

39 The Linapi tribes begin to disperse now, about 600 years of our era.

40 This prophet, pontiff and king, went probably to visit many tribes, and became their legislator.

41 These new wars were again with the Missouri tribes, _Lowako_ is a new invading tribe from the north.

42 The pa.s.sage of the Alleghanies was towards 800 of our era: the atlantic states appear to have had no inhabitants, or but few.

Hekewelder confirms these facts.

43 Hekewelder has given no etymology of this river, the name means either branching or roaring stream, perhaps both. _Winaki_ was the name of east Pennsylvania.

44 By this account the Mohigans only separated towards 970 from the main body. This may be inaccurate, as the north-east tribes appear older by their traditions.

By the account given by the missionary Beatty in 1766, this event would be still later: he states that after separating from the western tribes and long wanderings, the Lenaps (Linapis) settled on the river Delaware 370 years before 1766, or in 1396; which was preserved in a mosaic belt.-_See Moulton's Hist. of New-York, Vol I._

45 This is the second Tamenend who united all the tribes 1010. This famous name is spelt very variously _Tamanend_, _Tamany_, _Tamini_ &c. all meaning beavering or acting like a beaver. There are many songs and traditions on them.

46 Here is the first mention of white men towards 1170 by the computation of generations: whether they were Eric or Madoc, or both, will be enquired hereafter. The Tuscororas of North Carolina were visited at the same time by Cusick tradition, the Mohigans had also their _Wach-queow_. Hekewelder has omitted this tradition like many others. But Holm in his description of New Sweden positively gives two traditions of the Linapis, tribe Renapis, of a _white woman_ who came to America, married an American, had a son, who went to heaven; and of 2 bigmouths (or preachers) who came afterwards with long beards, and also went to heaven. This relates to the bishop Eric who went to convert the Americans between 1120 and 1160, rather than Madoc or a warlike band.

47 The Miamis or M'amiwis were descendants of the first beaver tribe, separated long before.

48 This verse is double, or has 2 symbols with 6 words, appearing to be two different readings united, or two modes of expressing the same thing, the separation of the real Linapis into three tribes.

49 This may allude to the subjection of the Linapis, by the _Mahongwis_ (Mengwi or Iroquois) about this time, caused by the division of the tribes. The name of failer is certainly an epithet or nickname given: most of the names of kings appear of the same kind or t.i.tles.

We know they changed names when becoming kings or after great deeds.

_ 50 Otali_ is the real name of the Cheroki mountaineers, so says Adair: this recalls the Talegas to mind, of whom they may be a fragment.

The _Wasioto_ are the c.u.mberland mountains, meaning the _South Sioto_. The _Siotos_ were a Missouri tribe that advanced as far as the _Sioto_ river in Ohio, gave name to it, and were expelled by the Ottawas; probably akin to the _Otos_ of Missouri. They bear the snake sign in the symbol.

51 The symbolic glyph for this event is nearly the same as for the arrival of _Wapsi_ or Eric. A sea, a boat, with mast, sail, and cross over it. Every nation is denoted by a peculiar sign on the head in these annals. 1. _Jinwis_ and his wife by an aureole, 2. the _Ako_ or snakes by a forked tongue or 2 horns, 3. the _Jins_ by a crown of rays, 4. the _Owinis_ by a feather, 5. the kings by 3 feathers, the medial longer, 6. the Esquimaux by a T, 7. the Talamatans by the same reversed T, 8. the Talegas by a bar pointing to the right, 9. the Nentegos by a hook, 10. the Europeans by a cross. This evinces a kind of systematic symbolic plan, like the Mexican; but the symbols are very seldom similar.

_ 52 Mattanik.u.m_ appears to be both the _Tinik.u.m_ and _Mattahorn_ of the Swedes and Holm. Horn is not a Linapi word, but Swedish, so as to translate half the name. He was king in 1645.

53 Holm says the Renapis called the Swedes, Akhoures, which in dialect Linapi would be _Akoli_, meaning _ugly_ or _snake-looking_; the prefix _Win_, means either _the beings_ or snow, or may refer to Winaki.

54 The a.s.sertion that no land was ever sold to the colonists is singular. They thought to buy land with trifling presents; but the natives understood all the while the permission to dwell with them.

55 This is a third Tamanend, the great king of the whole nation dwelling at the forks of the Delaware, which appears in Penn's treaties, and came in great pomp in 1697. The other chiefs mentioned in deeds, were only his va.s.sals: he is also called Taminy; but is very different from _Tatami_ who was king till 1748 at Welakamika or Nazareth, where he was killed by an Irish settler. Hekewelder mentions him; but has many blunders on Tamanend, having mixt the three into one.

56 Netawatwis was king in the west from 1748 till 1776. Alimi or Coquetha-gekton (Heck.) was regent of his grandson _Unamiwi_ till 1780, after him Gelelelund was regent till 1782 when the boy _Unamiwi_ was killed by the Bigknives.-(Heck.) this was the cause of the wars till 1795.

57 General Wayne was compared to their old foes, and called Black Snake, because he beat the allied nations.

58 These are the chiefs of the two united tribes, that appear in the last treaty with the United States.

59 The United States here are called snakes like the oldest foes of mankind. The insiduous manner in which the English settled North America, and wronged the natives, has procured them that appellation. The French and Canadians are never called snakes. The former names of _Yankwis_ has only been preserved as our Yankees.

The belief of their being _Gishakis_ or children of the sun-land, at the sun-rise, has long been exploded here as in South America. The Spanish cruelties did since procure to the Castillians the names of devils, a.s.sa.s.sins, snakes of the sea &c.

60 Many other notions on the primitive nations, may be collected from the mythologies of the various Linapi tribes. Their true devils are similar to vampyres.

61 Wakon is the G.o.d and ancestor of all the Washashas or Ozage tribes, Arkanzas, Sioux &c. belonging to the _Capaha_ or Missouri group of nations.

62 The account of these strangers in Hayti is very slender and confused, some writers deem them the ancestors of all the Caribs; yet they acknowledge Caonabo as a late comer. _Mayo-banex_ name of their last king means Maya-head in the Maya language. They must have been an ancient colony or remain of the Mayas, since they had already three dialects. All strangers were called Caribs at last by the Haytians, whence the blunder.

63 Traces of 44 distinct nations or tribes are found in the ancient history of the Antilles, (see last note) which are the ancestors of all the American nations of eastern origin by the Atlantic ocean.

64 These t.i.tles of the Supreme G.o.d might furnish many pages of compared a.n.a.logies. _Mamona_ is identic with the _Mammon_ of Africa and Asia.

_Liella_ has a.n.a.logies with all the EL or suns, G.o.ds and lords of the east. _Atabeira_ is identic with _Atabyrius_ the Jove of the Phrygians and Pelasgians: The meaning _Unic-being_ has a.n.a.logies in _Ata-beira_ all over the world. _Ata_ is one or first in many languages. Compare _Atmon_ of Egypt, _Baracata_ or _Paraxacta_ the nature or mother of _Brama_ of the Hindus. _Mamona_ with _Vimana_ eternal G.o.d of the Jains, the _Manitos_ of North America. _Ate_ was G.o.d in Thracian, _Ata_ in Brazil, _Etua_ and _Heyta_ in Polynesia.

The names of G.o.d in the Cantabrian and Oscan dialects is _Ian_, _Ion_, _Jauna_, _Jain_, _Janieva_, _Janugoieva_ &c. similar to _Jemao_, _Jocana_ and _Hiauna_ of Hayti.

_ 65 Gua-ma-o-con_ was such-great-of-world, in the early monosyllabic language of the Antilles. Compare with _Con-el_, and the G.o.ds of the Atlantes, Guanches &c.

66 Compare the following words for winds with _Gua-banzex_.

_Vayajam_ Sanscrit.

_Band_ old Arabic.

_Watem_, _Vato_ Zend.

_Bangin_ Bali.

_Bentus_ old Latin.

_Ventus_ Latin.

_Andas_ Etruscan.

_Abka_ Abask.