Textiles Part 32

1. Why is the hair combed? Why is wool combed?

2. What is the first process of combing called? What name is given to the combs used in gilling? What are the machines called?

3. What is the principle of gilling?

4. How does a fine comb act on the hair?

5. When you combed the wool with the fine comb what happened?

6. What are the long fibers called? the short? Of which are there more?

7. What is the second process of combing called?

8. Why is it necessary to combine several strands of top into one end?

9. Why is it necessary to gill again after combing?

10. In what form does the wool finally leave the finisher gill boxes?

11. What is a top?

12. What two processes follow carding?

13. For what two processes is wool now ready?

=Experiment 16--Raw Wool to Yarn=

Apparatus: Hand cards, coa.r.s.e and fine combs, pencil.

Material: Scoured wool.

Reference: The preceding experiments.

_Directions_

1. This wool has already been subjected to the three operations of shearing, scouring, and oiling.

2. Card the wool. What does carding do to the wool?

3. Strip the cards. Rub the sheet of fibers between the palms of the hands into the form of a strand. It is in this form that it leaves the card of the mill, and it is known as a _sliver_ of wool.

4. Pull about three inches of wool from the sliver and perform upon it the operation of gilling by combing it with the coa.r.s.e comb.

5. Follow the gilling by the operation of _combing_, which you will do by combing again, this time with a fine comb.

6. Pull about three inches again from the sliver. Continue to gill and comb by section until the entire sliver has been gilled and combed.

7. Combine several strands into one and subject the one strand to a second process of gilling to make sure that all fibers are side by side.

8. Gently draw out this strand of combed long fibers known as top. As you draw, spin. As you spin, wind on a lead pencil. The fineness of the yarn depends on the amount of drawing and twisting.

9. What is the source of wool? You began with wool, covering of the sheep's body, and after subjecting it to a series of operations you have converted it into yarn which is ready for weaving.

10. Name the operations in order, through which raw wool pa.s.ses before it finally becomes yarn.

_Questions_

1. What are the first three processes through which wool pa.s.ses? What is shearing? scouring?

2. Why is wool oiled?

3. What is meant by a sliver of wool?

4. What does gilling do to the wool?

5. What does combing do to the wool?

6. Why is there another operation of gilling after combing?

7. What is meant by _drawing_? _spinning_?

8. What name is given to the wool wound on the pencil?

9. On what does the fineness of the yarn depend?

=Experiment 17--Difference between Woolen and Worsted Yarn=

Apparatus: Pick gla.s.s.

Materials: Sample of woolen cloth and worsted cloth.

References: _Textiles_, pages 50 and 51.

_Directions_

Take a piece of worsted fabric and separate a piece of yarn from either the warp or filling. Do the same with a piece of woolen fabric.

Notice the appearance of each piece of yarn. Which is smoother? What effect would friction have on the worsted yarn? the woolen yarn? Which sample of yarn would shine and reflect the light?

=Experiment 18--Burling and Mending=

Apparatus: Chalk, scissors, dissecting pin, needle, pick gla.s.s.

Material: 4 square inches of cloth from the loom.

Reference: _Textiles_, page 71.

_Directions_