Smashwords Style Guide Part 2

7b-b. HOW TO DEFINE TRAILING s.p.a.cE FOR BLOCK PARAGRAPH METHOD: Under "s.p.a.cing," set the "after" s.p.a.cing to 6pt or 10pt. For plays, scripts and screenplays, 4pt is pretty good. We generally don't recommend less than 4pt or more than 10pt. Then click Under "s.p.a.cing," set the "after" s.p.a.cing to 6pt or 10pt. For plays, scripts and screenplays, 4pt is pretty good. We generally don't recommend less than 4pt or more than 10pt. Then click OK OK and then and then APPLY (or, OK for Word 2007) APPLY (or, OK for Word 2007)

7b-c. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR POETRY (AND SOME NON FICTION COOKBOOKS AND LEARNING MATERIALS) SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR POETRY (AND SOME NON FICTION COOKBOOKS AND LEARNING MATERIALS) As we mention elsewhere in this guide, we recommend you don't use paragraph returns on empty lines to create separation between two paragraphs. However, this isn't a hard and fast universal rule, and there are times when exceptions make sense. For example, poetry has some special requirements. With poetry, you want your stanzas tight, yet you need each poem separate from the next. If you code your Normal paragraph style to define a trailing "after" s.p.a.ce, the poem won't look right.

Other content categories that might benefit from this exception include learning materials, such as the multiple choice example below, or cookbooks.

For poetry and non-fiction that require this more complex layout, below are two options for your consideration (IMPORTANT: You need to have Word's Show/Hide feature activated so you can implement this formatting): 1. You can use paragraph returns (don't code them for trailing s.p.a.ce). You can use paragraph returns (don't code them for trailing s.p.a.ce).

The poem above uses simple paragraph returns at the end of each line, with the paragraph style coded for no trailing s.p.a.ce.

2. Use manual line feeds plus a paragraph return coded for a trailing "after" s.p.a.ce. This option is a little more complicated, but will get you great results. To create a manual line feed, click Shift and Enter at the same time. A manual line feed creates a line break without invoking the styling of your paragraph style, which in the example below is coded for a trailing 10pt s.p.a.ce after each paragraph return. Note how only the question and the last answer have their lines terminated with a paragraph return (created by hitting the Enter key). Use this trick for poetry as well. Use manual line feeds plus a paragraph return coded for a trailing "after" s.p.a.ce. This option is a little more complicated, but will get you great results. To create a manual line feed, click Shift and Enter at the same time. A manual line feed creates a line break without invoking the styling of your paragraph style, which in the example below is coded for a trailing 10pt s.p.a.ce after each paragraph return. Note how only the question and the last answer have their lines terminated with a paragraph return (created by hitting the Enter key). Use this trick for poetry as well.

7b-d. HOW TO DEFINE PROPER LINE s.p.a.cING: S See how the line s.p.a.cing in the image above is set to single and the "At:" field is blank? This is good. Line s.p.a.cing of 1.5 is also acceptable. Never set it to double (will make your book look ugly), and never never set it to read "Exactly" or "At Least" followed by a point size specification under the "At:" box. This usually renders your book completely unreadable because it can cause lines to overlap on top of one another. More on the next item below on line s.p.a.cing errors... set it to read "Exactly" or "At Least" followed by a point size specification under the "At:" box. This usually renders your book completely unreadable because it can cause lines to overlap on top of one another. More on the next item below on line s.p.a.cing errors...

AVOID THIS COMMON LINE s.p.a.cING ERROR: The image below shows an example of a common line s.p.a.cing error that will cause your sentences to overlap and become unreadable. Whether you use the first line indent method or the block method, make sure the "Line s.p.a.cing" is set to "Single" or "1.5" and under the "At:" heading it should remains blank. The image below shows an example of a common line s.p.a.cing error that will cause your sentences to overlap and become unreadable. Whether you use the first line indent method or the block method, make sure the "Line s.p.a.cing" is set to "Single" or "1.5" and under the "At:" heading it should remains blank. NEVER NEVER NEVER NEVER allow any entry into the "At:" field, otherwise your book may become unreadable in the HTML reader and in the EPUB. If this error slips through our review process, retailers will remove your book when their customers complain. allow any entry into the "At:" field, otherwise your book may become unreadable in the HTML reader and in the EPUB. If this error slips through our review process, retailers will remove your book when their customers complain.

Step 8. Reformat the normalized text: After you have successfully changed everything to Normal paragraph style above, and you coded your Normal paragraph style for either first line indent first line indent or or block block, you'll need to go through and re-check the formatting. Some items may have shifted because of the steps above. Bolds may disappear, centered items may become left justified, font sizes may have changed, and s.p.a.ces between paragraphs may have disappeared. Just go back and fix, but make sure everything is Normal paragraph style and make the font sizes, line s.p.a.cing and text justification consistent. If you find you change the text and suddenly Word labels it something other than Normal style, then it means you didn't successfully disable Word's nasty auto-format features above in Step 3.

Step 9. IMPORTANT: Never use tabs or the s.p.a.ce bar to create indented paragraphs. An indent is the s.p.a.ce in front of the first line of every paragraph. As I mentioned earlier in this Guide, indents are an important visual cue to help guide the reader's eye from one paragraph to the next. If you use tabs or s.p.a.ce bar s.p.a.ces instead of a proper first line indent, you'll generate an AutoVetter error and our HTML and Javascript online readers will automatically remove the leading s.p.a.ces or tabs from your text, thereby rendering your improper indent irrelevant. To create a proper first line indent, follow the section above on How to Create a First Line Paragraph Indent, or use Word's "ruler-bar" indent feature (see instructions and image a few paragraphs down). NEVER NEVER NEVER NEVER use tabs or s.p.a.ce bar s.p.a.ces. Always make sure you have "show/hide" activated, per instructions above, otherwise you won't see these tabs and s.p.a.ces. use tabs or s.p.a.ce bar s.p.a.ces. Always make sure you have "show/hide" activated, per instructions above, otherwise you won't see these tabs and s.p.a.ces.

How to automate the removal of tabs and s.p.a.ces - If you try to manually remove, one by one, the tabs and s.p.a.ce bar s.p.a.ces that comprise your improper indents, it can take hours. Luckily, Word's search-and-replace feature takes mere seconds (see image below). If you used tabs, press CTRL+H (hold down the CTRL key and the H key at the same time) to "find and replace," or from the menu select Edit: Replace. Then for the "find what" line enter - If you try to manually remove, one by one, the tabs and s.p.a.ce bar s.p.a.ces that comprise your improper indents, it can take hours. Luckily, Word's search-and-replace feature takes mere seconds (see image below). If you used tabs, press CTRL+H (hold down the CTRL key and the H key at the same time) to "find and replace," or from the menu select Edit: Replace. Then for the "find what" line enter ^t ^t (the "caret t" is the symbol for tab) and then in the Replace s.p.a.ce don't enter anything (If instead of tabs you have multiple s.p.a.ces, then determine the number of s.p.a.ces you use, then click your mouse to the "find what" field, and hit your s.p.a.ce bar by the same number of s.p.a.ces you're currently (improperly) using for your indents, and then hit "replace all"). (the "caret t" is the symbol for tab) and then in the Replace s.p.a.ce don't enter anything (If instead of tabs you have multiple s.p.a.ces, then determine the number of s.p.a.ces you use, then click your mouse to the "find what" field, and hit your s.p.a.ce bar by the same number of s.p.a.ces you're currently (improperly) using for your indents, and then hit "replace all").

To eliminate all your tabs, enter ^t in "find what" and in the "replace with" line, leave it blank.

Then click the "Replace A All" b.u.t.ton.

Step 10. Paragraph returns Paragraph returns. Make sure you only have paragraph returns at the end of a paragraph, not at the end of each sentence or every line (unless of course you're doing poetry). A paragraph return, created by hitting the "Enter" key on your keyboard, tells the reading device it's the end of the paragraph. They look like this: "" To view the location of your paragraph returns, activate Word's To view the location of your paragraph returns, activate Word's Show/Hide Show/Hide feature, covered in Step 2. If you do not have the show/hide feature activated now, stop what you're doing and activate it, because without show/hide, you're editing blind. feature, covered in Step 2. If you do not have the show/hide feature activated now, stop what you're doing and activate it, because without show/hide, you're editing blind.

Do not use multiple consecutive paragraph returns to force page breaks or to arrange text on the screen, because they'll create a poor reading experience by creating blank pages or unsightly gaps in small-screened e-reading devices. They will also disqualify your book from distribution in the Premium Catalog. Never use more than four consecutive paragraph returns at a time to arrange text on the page. use multiple consecutive paragraph returns to force page breaks or to arrange text on the screen, because they'll create a poor reading experience by creating blank pages or unsightly gaps in small-screened e-reading devices. They will also disqualify your book from distribution in the Premium Catalog. Never use more than four consecutive paragraph returns at a time to arrange text on the page.

Step 11. Hyperlinks. Hyperlinks can point outside your book, like to a web address, or inside your book, using the bookmark feature (more on this later when I show you how to create a hyperlinked Table of Contents!). Web addresses become clickable hyperlinks in the HTML and Javascript readers. Use external-pointing hyperlinks judiciously. Short attention spans are common on the Internet, so if you give your reader too many chances to read something else, you'll lose them. Even if the hyperlink isn't live in one of the other ebook formats, the reader will still have the information they need to visit your resource.

To place a proper hyperlink, highlight the text you want to hyperlink, then right mouse click on the highlighted text, then click hyperlink hyperlink, then enter a full web address such as http://www.smashwords.com. Be sure to include the http:// http:// portion, otherwise your hyperlink won't work and it'll cause errors in EPUBCHECK (more on that later). After you add a link, click on it to test it. portion, otherwise your hyperlink won't work and it'll cause errors in EPUBCHECK (more on that later). After you add a link, click on it to test it.

NO AFFILIATE LINKS: If your hyperlinks link to affiliate marketing pages (common in "get rich quick" books), we will delete your account without warning because this is a violation of our Terms of Service.

Step 12. Designating chapter breaks, page breaks and section breaks. If you insert page breaks into your Word doc.u.ment (Insert: Break Break: [choose one]), the PDF and .RTF versions will honor them, but these commands will be lost in most other formats, which strip page breaks and section breaks. Loss of page breaks is okay in an ebook, because you can't predict the font size or screen size the reader is using, and you want to have continuous reflowable text anyway. The worst thing that will happen is paragraphs may become artificially close or too separated.

If you use page breaks, be sure to enter a paragraph return or two before and after the break so that if your manually inserted break disappears in some formats, your paragraphs don't smash together.

Remove all section breaks from your doc.u.ment. For some reason, they create unnecessary blank s.p.a.ce in your ebook.

If you want to separate chapters, insert a consistent number of paragraph returns (maybe three or four), or use a combination of a couple paragraph returns, followed by centered text characters such as "~~~~" or "* * * *" followed by a couple more paragraph returns and possibly chapter headings if you have them. Do not use solid separator bars.

The general rule for formatting is "simpler is better." DO NOT DO NOT use a long series (more than four) paragraph returns anywhere in your book to try to arrange words on a page, or to designate page breaks, because not only will this cause your book to be rejected from the Premium Catalog, it'll also create a lot of awful looking blank s.p.a.ce in your ebook. Many ebook reading devices such as the Kindle and iPad will add extra padding after each paragraph return, so if you add multiple paragraph returns this can create excessive s.p.a.cing between paragraphs. use a long series (more than four) paragraph returns anywhere in your book to try to arrange words on a page, or to designate page breaks, because not only will this cause your book to be rejected from the Premium Catalog, it'll also create a lot of awful looking blank s.p.a.ce in your ebook. Many ebook reading devices such as the Kindle and iPad will add extra padding after each paragraph return, so if you add multiple paragraph returns this can create excessive s.p.a.cing between paragraphs.

Step 13. Working with Images. If you have images, they should be embedded in your Word file, usually via the Insert Insert: Picture: File Picture: File option. If the images are critical to your book, then when you publish your book uncheck the checkbox ebook format option for "Plain Text" because photos and charts don't translate into plain text. If the images are a nice-to-have but not a need-to-have, then go ahead and allow the Plain Text option. option. If the images are critical to your book, then when you publish your book uncheck the checkbox ebook format option for "Plain Text" because photos and charts don't translate into plain text. If the images are a nice-to-have but not a need-to-have, then go ahead and allow the Plain Text option.

Do not use floating images (If you can click on the image and drag it, it's floating) because your image may appear in unpredictable places after the conversion. To fix floating images, click right mouse click on the image, then click Format Picture Format Picture, then click Layout Layout, then click In Line With Text In Line With Text, then click save save, then click Word's center b.u.t.ton.

We've also found that images work best if you keep them small. If your current image runs the length of a 6 inch wide page, it may not display properly on the smaller screens of some ereading devices. Restrict images to widths of 500 pixels. Before you import images into your ma.n.u.script, use a photo editing tool such as Photoshop or a free utility such as Picasa by Google at http://picasa.google.com, to reduce the dimensions and file size.

If you want a page break inserted before an image, try clicking on the image and coding it as a Heading style. This should insert a page break in EPUB.

If you try to upload a 15 megabyte ma.n.u.script to Smashwords because you didn't reduce the image sizes, Meatgrinder will reject your book. See the Q&A section earlier in this guide for tips on how to compress your image sizes.

Step 14. Text justification. I've found that text converts most cleanly if it's all left justified. Centered text works well, especially for your t.i.tle and copyright page. I don't recommend using Word's "Justify" command, which attempts to spread your words evenly from margin to margin without leaving s.p.a.ces at the end of each line. The PDF conversion can sometimes look odd for justified text. If you love justified text, then go ahead and try it - the results may still be acceptable to you.

Step 14a. Centering tip. You may notice that even after you use Word's b.u.t.ton to center text, such as the t.i.tle and copyright page, or ***" separators, the RTF conversion doesn't preserve the centering. Here's how to force it to stick: Try creating a new paragraph style, based on Normal, that defines centering. That's how Gerald Weinberg and Brian S. Pratt [the two formatting examples above] managed to keep their t.i.tle pages centered). You may notice that even after you use Word's b.u.t.ton to center text, such as the t.i.tle and copyright page, or ***" separators, the RTF conversion doesn't preserve the centering. Here's how to force it to stick: Try creating a new paragraph style, based on Normal, that defines centering. That's how Gerald Weinberg and Brian S. Pratt [the two formatting examples above] managed to keep their t.i.tle pages centered).

Step 15. Different font sizes. Minimize font size variation in your book, otherwise your book will look ugly. Some of the best-looking books on Smashwords use 12pt for the body and 14pt for the book t.i.tle on the cover page, and for headings. If you must use different font sizes, minimize the range of their variance. For example, if you normal body text is 12 point, don't use a 20 point header. We recommend you keep your largest font size to 14. Dramatic variations in font sizes can cause unwelcome glitches in some of the conversions, such as causing the large point text to bleed onto the smaller point text. Most of our ebook formats support multiple font sizes, but our Javascript online reader makes everything the same font size (though it has other great online reading qualities so you'll want to offer it to your readers). Minimize font size variation in your book, otherwise your book will look ugly. Some of the best-looking books on Smashwords use 12pt for the body and 14pt for the book t.i.tle on the cover page, and for headings. If you must use different font sizes, minimize the range of their variance. For example, if you normal body text is 12 point, don't use a 20 point header. We recommend you keep your largest font size to 14. Dramatic variations in font sizes can cause unwelcome glitches in some of the conversions, such as causing the large point text to bleed onto the smaller point text. Most of our ebook formats support multiple font sizes, but our Javascript online reader makes everything the same font size (though it has other great online reading qualities so you'll want to offer it to your readers).

Step 16. Style formatting and symbols. Italics Italics, underlines underlines, and strikethroughs strikethroughs work well. Some symbols (such as e i ) may translate, but test your book in EPUB to ensure they work properly. Rather than use the (circled c for copyright), just use the word 'copyright', because some e-reading devices will turn it into a question mark. Similarly, in general, avoid symbols (created by "INSERT: SYMBOL") because they may turn into question marks. work well. Some symbols (such as e i ) may translate, but test your book in EPUB to ensure they work properly. Rather than use the (circled c for copyright), just use the word 'copyright', because some e-reading devices will turn it into a question mark. Similarly, in general, avoid symbols (created by "INSERT: SYMBOL") because they may turn into question marks.

Step 17. Headers and footers. These generally remain in the PDF and RTF versions but disappear in the other versions. We recommend you remove headers and footers. Definitely remove auto-page numbering because it can trigger a text-box error.

Step 18. Margins and Indents Margins and Indents. Try to format your book to adhere to Word's standard margins for printing, otherwise your PDF and RTF files won't print well or present well on screen. Authors often ask if they should format for American-style pages (8.5 X11 inch) or A4. About 60% of Smashwords customers are American, so it's really up to you.

HOW TO FIX WACKY INDENTS: If your indents are pulled too far to the left or right, it will cause your text to flow off the page and become unreadable in some e-reading devices. To fix, do a CTRL+A CTRL+A on your entire doc.u.ment, then right mouse click on on your entire doc.u.ment, then right mouse click on Paragraph Paragraph, then set the Left: Left: and and Right: Indentation Right: Indentation to to 0" 0"

Step 19: (Optional) Add the Heading style to your Chapter Headings Word offers various Heading styles, usually for use with the start of chapters or sections. Some of our ebook formats such as EPUB and MOBI will automatically insert a page break before each Heading, which is a nice touch because it allows your chapter to start at the top of the page on the e-reading device.

Are Styles for You? As mentioned in the heading for this step, the Heading Style is optional. One advantage of using a specially defined paragraph style is that it gives you more control over the look of the text. For example, your Normal paragraph style might define 12pt Times New Roman, but maybe you want your headings to be As mentioned in the heading for this step, the Heading Style is optional. One advantage of using a specially defined paragraph style is that it gives you more control over the look of the text. For example, your Normal paragraph style might define 12pt Times New Roman, but maybe you want your headings to be 14pt Helvetica Bold Italics 14pt Helvetica Bold Italics and centered. Although you could manually alter each Normal heading to reflect the formatting you want, it's time consuming, and also p.r.o.ne to error if you forget to implement everything consistently. By defining each heading the Heading style, you can automatically apply the style to that heading, and then if you decide you want to change the style later, you can do it just once and it'll update all your headings. and centered. Although you could manually alter each Normal heading to reflect the formatting you want, it's time consuming, and also p.r.o.ne to error if you forget to implement everything consistently. By defining each heading the Heading style, you can automatically apply the style to that heading, and then if you decide you want to change the style later, you can do it just once and it'll update all your headings.

To implement, highlight your chapter headings and then select a heading style, such as Heading 2. This can make ToC-building easier in step 20 below. If you want to modify your Heading to have different characteristics, such as a different font size, or alignment, see Step 7 Step 7 above which tells you how to modify your paragraph styles. above which tells you how to modify your paragraph styles.

Be careful with the Heading style, though, because if you use it in the wrong place, the beneficial page breaks I mentioned above will become an annoying formatting error that makes your book difficult to read. Only apply the Heading style to a single sentence, and NEVER across more than two paragraph returns in a row, otherwise you'll have one paragraph per page (Bad). Also don't use the Heading style for body copy, or for your table of contents at the top of the book.

Step 19a: Naming your Chapters: If you name your chapters starting with the word "Chapter," Meatgrinder will automatically detect the word and build useful navigation links into your EPUB file. Technically, it's called an "NCX" file. NCX stands for N Navigation C Control file for X XML. See the screen shot below. The book is Raven Memory (a well-formatted book, by the way) from Smashwords author David G. Shrock, and the screen shot shows his book in Adobe Digital Editions, a popular and important e-reading app. At left, you can see the automatically created table of contents (the NCX). I like to think of the NCX as a meta-ToC, since the file and the navigation actually reside outside the book, but point back into it (What you know as an EPUB file is really a zipped combination of multiple files of which the .NCX is only one). Mr Shrock used the Normal paragraph style and centered it for his chapter heading. Although he didn't do it this example, he could have easily named his chapter something like " (a well-formatted book, by the way) from Smashwords author David G. Shrock, and the screen shot shows his book in Adobe Digital Editions, a popular and important e-reading app. At left, you can see the automatically created table of contents (the NCX). I like to think of the NCX as a meta-ToC, since the file and the navigation actually reside outside the book, but point back into it (What you know as an EPUB file is really a zipped combination of multiple files of which the .NCX is only one). Mr Shrock used the Normal paragraph style and centered it for his chapter heading. Although he didn't do it this example, he could have easily named his chapter something like "Chapter 2: The Joys of Ebook Formatting," and that string would have appeared in the NCX file as well. A well-formed NCX file adds useful navigation for your reader. In addition to the NCX, which is auto-generated by Meatgrinder, you should also consider building a linked Table of Contents inside the book. See the next step below to understand how the linked ToC is right for you, and how it's different from the .NCX.

Simply by preceding your Chapter headings with the Word "Chapter," Smashwords will generate useful navigation for your EPUB file

Step 20. Creating a Hyperlinked Table of Contents. A Table of Contents (ToC) makes it easy for your reader to see, at-a-glance, the major chapters and sections of your book. Unlike the automatically generated NCX, described above, you will manually build your ToC inside your ma.n.u.script.

Before you begin: 1. 1. If you already have a ToC, make sure it doesn't have page number references. Page numbers are irrelevant to ebooks because the page count of your book will change based on the size of the screen, the size of the font the reader selects, or even how the reader holds their ereading device (on the iPhone, for example, a book might be 200 pages in portrait mode [holding vertically] and 350 pages if they hold the phone horizontally in landscape mode). 2. Make sure you didn't previously build your ToC using Word's auto-ToC generation feature, found in Word 2007 at References: Table of Contents. For your Smashwords ToC, you'll use the If you already have a ToC, make sure it doesn't have page number references. Page numbers are irrelevant to ebooks because the page count of your book will change based on the size of the screen, the size of the font the reader selects, or even how the reader holds their ereading device (on the iPhone, for example, a book might be 200 pages in portrait mode [holding vertically] and 350 pages if they hold the phone horizontally in landscape mode). 2. Make sure you didn't previously build your ToC using Word's auto-ToC generation feature, found in Word 2007 at References: Table of Contents. For your Smashwords ToC, you'll use the Insert: Bookmark Insert: Bookmark feature, and the feature, and the Insert: Hyperlink Insert: Hyperlink feature. feature.

Do you need a linked Table of Contents? If you write non-fiction, odds are yes, you should do a linked Table of Contents, especially if your book is organized into named chapters or sections. By adding a linked ToC, you add value to your book by making your book more accessible to your reader. Readers can easily click in their e-reading device to jump from one place to another (a powerful feature not available in print!). This is especially useful for non-fiction. Even some fiction can benefit from it, especially if you have named chapters or sections. However, if your chapters are only labeled, "Chapter 1, Chapter 2, or 1, 2, 3" there's little need for a ToC. If you write non-fiction, odds are yes, you should do a linked Table of Contents, especially if your book is organized into named chapters or sections. By adding a linked ToC, you add value to your book by making your book more accessible to your reader. Readers can easily click in their e-reading device to jump from one place to another (a powerful feature not available in print!). This is especially useful for non-fiction. Even some fiction can benefit from it, especially if you have named chapters or sections. However, if your chapters are only labeled, "Chapter 1, Chapter 2, or 1, 2, 3" there's little need for a ToC.

If you follow the instructions below, your linked ToC will work in our most important formats of EPUB, MOBI and PDF, but it will not work in our other formats such as the HTML or Javascript readers.

How to create a linked Table of Contents. My thanks to Smashwords author Cheryl Anne Gardner for conducting the initial research which served as the foundation for this section. I have augmented her recommendations based on my own experience adding a ToC to the Style Guide (woo hoo!) and have updated it to address common issues I've observed from other Smashwords authors and publishers. My thanks to Smashwords author Cheryl Anne Gardner for conducting the initial research which served as the foundation for this section. I have augmented her recommendations based on my own experience adding a ToC to the Style Guide (woo hoo!) and have updated it to address common issues I've observed from other Smashwords authors and publishers.

First, create your table of contents where you want it by typing it out. This is usually at the start of your book, immediately following your t.i.tle and copyright pages, and preceding the start of your prologue or first chapter. As you type out your ToC items, make sure your text is in the Normal paragraph style, just like the rest of your Smashwords doc.u.ment. DO NOT DO NOT do your ToC in Heading style. do your ToC in Heading style.

Here's what your ToC might look like:

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 The Beginning.

Chapter 2 The Middle.

Chapter 3 More in the Middle.

Chapter 4 The Final Chapter.

Etc.

You can left-justify it (as I did above) or center it using Word's center b.u.t.ton. Never indent your ToC more than one inch.

Next, we are going to use Word's Insert: Bookmark Insert: Bookmark feature. feature.

Think of the bookmark bookmark as your target it's what you want to as your target it's what you want to link to link to. It's the destination for the reader after they click the link.

Later, after you add each bookmark you'll link to it from somewhere else, and in this case that "somewhere else" is most likely the Table of Contents listing at the top of your book. So, first first you'll tag the chapter headings in your body as you'll tag the chapter headings in your body as Bookmarks Bookmarks, and next next you'll return to your ToC and add the links you'll return to your ToC and add the links to to the bookmarks. the bookmarks.

ADDING BOOKMARKS:.

If prior to starting your ToC linking adventure, you changed your chapter and section headings to one of the Heading paragraph styles, such as Heading 2, then these headings will probably appear as bookmarks when you go to select a target during the hyperlinking process. I've heard reports that you shouldn't link to these Headings, yet in my experiments they seem to work just fine, so if you want to save time, link to the Headings and test it. Otherwise, read on to learn how to easily add your Bookmarks.

In Word 2000, 2003 and 2007, the Bookmark Bookmark function is under the Insert tab. Go through your doc.u.ment, and at each Chapter Start or Indexed item, you will highlight the words and then select function is under the Insert tab. Go through your doc.u.ment, and at each Chapter Start or Indexed item, you will highlight the words and then select Insert: Bookmark Insert: Bookmark. Name your bookmark corresponding to the Chapter/Indexed item and then click add. It's very important to use the first word of your heading you're linking to, because later on, when you add the hyperlinks to these bookmark targets, Word displays the bookmark shortcuts in alphabetical order.

Bookmarks cannot have s.p.a.ces or odd characters. If you labeled your ToC "Table of Contents" as I did, then when you insert the bookmark, name the bookmark "TableofContents," one word, or "toc."

With my bookmarks, I found I didn't label them properly the first time through, so it was tough to link to the correct bookmark. If you want to link to a chapter named How to Publish Ebooks, I'd recommend naming your bookmark something like "HowToPublishEbooks" to make it easy to locate. If you instead name it, "ebooks," you'll frazzle your brain and make mistakes.

Repeat the process above for every Chapter heading in your body as well as for other matter in the book like index, bibliography, epilogue, prologue, etc. I didn't link to every section in the Style Guide, because otherwise the ToC would have been three pages long. This is your call.