Sex and Society Part 16

[Footnote 195: R. Drury, _Madagascar_, p. 77.]

[Footnote 196: No notice is here taken of the moral content of forms of worship, since religious practices are to be regarded as reflections of social practices. Morality springs from human activity, and religious belief consists in positing human traits in spirits; but it is impossible to find in religious practice an element which did not before exist in human practice. Religion and art have a philosophical and an ideal side, and their representations may be regarded as more perfect and valid than the human models on which they are based, but the ground-patterns of both religion and art are those of human experience.]

[Footnote 197: J. Shooter, _The Kafirs of Natal and the Zulu Country_, p. 102.]

[Footnote 198: Major J. Butler, _Travels and Adventures in a.s.sam_, p.

88.]

[Footnote 199: Jones, _History of the Ojibway Indians_, p. 57.]

[Footnote 200: Von Seidlitz, "Ethnographische Rundschau,"

_Internationales Archiv fur Ethnographie_, 1890, p. 136.]

[Footnote 201: Doughty, _Travels in Arabia Deserta_, p. 360.]

[Footnote 202: Cf. R. Steinmetz, "Endokannibalismus," _Mittheilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien_, Vol. XXVI.]

[Footnote 203: _Odyssey_ (translated by Butcher and Lang), i, 260.]

[Footnote 204: F. Mason, "On the Dwellings Works of Art, Laws, etc., of the Karens," _Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal_, 1868, p.

149.]

[Footnote 205: Bonwick, _Daily Life of the Tasmanians_, p. 75.]

[Footnote 206: Ibid., p. 74.]

[Footnote 207: _Highlands of Central India_, p. 149.]

[Footnote 208: T. Williams, _Fiji and the Fijians_, p. 201.]

[Footnote 209: Owen, _Transactions of the Ethnological Society_, New Series, Vol. II, p. 35.]

[Footnote 210: Lewis and Clarke, _loc. cit._, Vol. I, p. 421.]

[Footnote 211: The theories of Lubbock, Spencer, Tylor, Kohler, Huth, and Morgan are criticized by Westermarck, _History of Human Marriage_, pp. 311-19.]

[Footnote 212: Cf. Ploss, _Das Weib_, 3. Aufl., Vol. I, pp. 313ff.]

[Footnote 213: Westermarck, _History of Human Marriage_, pp. 213ff.]

[Footnote 214: Danks, "Marriage Customs of the New Britain Group,"

_Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, Vol. XVIII, p. 281.]

[Footnote 215: Ploss, _loc. cit._, Vol. I, p. 150.]

[Footnote 216: The evidence in this paper will bear chiefly on Australia, both because the natives are in a very primitive condition, and because the customs of the aborigines have been very fully reported by a large number of competent observers.]

[Footnote 217: Spencer and Gillen, _The Native Tribes of Central Australia_, p. 558.]

[Footnote 218: _The Australian Race_, Vol. I, p. 110.]

[Footnote 219: _Daily Life of the Tasmanians_, p. 64.]

[Footnote 220: Howitt, "The Dieri and Other Kindred Tribes of Central Australia," _Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, Vol. XX, p. 87; Roth, _Ethnological Studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines_, p. 174; Spencer and Gillen, _loc. cit._, p.

93.]

[Footnote 221: Cf. pp. 136ff. of this volume.]

[Footnote 222: Howitt, "The Dieri and Other Kindred Tribes of Central Australia," _Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, Vol. XX, p.

58.]

[Footnote 223: Spencer and Gillen, _loc. cit._, pp. 62, 63.]

[Footnote 224: Fison and Howitt, _Kamilaroi and Kurnai_, p. 200.]

[Footnote 225: Ibid., p. 354.]

[Footnote 226: Fison and Howitt, _loc. cit._, p. 288, quoting Rev.

John Bulmer on the Wa-imbio tribe.]

[Footnote 227: Spencer and Gillen, _loc. cit._, p. 554.]

[Footnote 228: _Loc. cit._, Vol. I, p. 108. At the same time, Curr thinks that capture was formerly more frequent.]

[Footnote 229: Misapprehension as to the prevalence of marriage by capture is due in the main to two causes: (1) cases of elopement have been cla.s.sed as cases of capture; (2) the so-called survivals of marriage by capture in historical times, of which so much has been made, are merely systematized expressions of the coyness of the female, differing in no essential point from the coyness of the female among birds at the pairing season.]

[Footnote 230: Curr, _loc. cit._, Vol. I, p. 107.]

[Footnote 231: _Loc. cit._, p. 181.]

[Footnote 232: Haddon, "Ethnography of the Western Tribes of Torres Straits," _Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, Vol. XIX, p.

414.]

[Footnote 233: Ibid., p. 356.]

[Footnote 234: _Loc. cit._, p. 285.]

[Footnote 235: Cf. "The Gaming Instinct," _American Journal of Sociology,_ Vol. VI, pp. 736ff., _et pa.s.sim_.]

[Footnote 236: Cf. pp. 208ff. of this volume.]

[Footnote 237: William James, _Principles of Psychology_, Vol. II, p.

435.]

[Footnote 238: "The Evolution of Modesty," _Psychological Review_, Vol. VI, pp. 134ff.]

[Footnote 239: James, _loc. cit._, p. 436.]

[Footnote 240: Darwin's explanation of shyness, modesty, shame, and blushing as due originally to "self-attention directed to personal appearance, in relation to the opinion of others," appears to me to be a very good statement of some of the aspects of the process, but hardly an adequate explanation of the process as a whole. (Darwin, _Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals_, p. 326.)]