Seeing The Elephant Part 11

88 The UN headquarters, for example, is so antiquated that New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg called it a "hazard to schoolchildren," and has threatened to stop allowing field trips to the UN. Catherine Donaldson-Evans, "New York City Mayor Says United Nations Building Is a Hazard to Schoolchildren," The UN headquarters, for example, is so antiquated that New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg called it a "hazard to schoolchildren," and has threatened to stop allowing field trips to the UN. Catherine Donaldson-Evans, "New York City Mayor Says United Nations Building Is a Hazard to Schoolchildren," Fox News Fox News, November 12, 2007, http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,310816,00.html.

89 Chelsea Trull, "China Opposes j.a.pan's Bid for Security Council," Chelsea Trull, "China Opposes j.a.pan's Bid for Security Council," Michigan Daily Michigan Daily, April 15, 2005, http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2005/04/14/News/China.Opposes.j.a.pans.Bid.For.Security.Council-1430322.shtml.

90 "U.S., Russia, China Rejecting G4 UN Reform Bill," "U.S., Russia, China Rejecting G4 UN Reform Bill," China Daily China Daily, May 13, 2005, http://au.china-emba.s.sy.org/eng/xw/t203436.htm.

91 UN General a.s.sembly, "Report of the Open-Ended Working Group on the Question of Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council," A/58/47, July 21, 2004. UN General a.s.sembly, "Report of the Open-Ended Working Group on the Question of Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council," A/58/47, July 21, 2004.

92 For many years, it was thought that China would be an obstacle to India's inclusion. The two had come to blows during the 30-day Sino-Indian war in 1962, and historically China had been an ally of India's archrival, Pakistan. However, in Tang Jiaxuan, China's foreign minister from 1998 to 2003, India found an unlikely ally who advocated India's bid for a permanent seat, but without a veto. Similar support came from former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair. For many years, it was thought that China would be an obstacle to India's inclusion. The two had come to blows during the 30-day Sino-Indian war in 1962, and historically China had been an ally of India's archrival, Pakistan. However, in Tang Jiaxuan, China's foreign minister from 1998 to 2003, India found an unlikely ally who advocated India's bid for a permanent seat, but without a veto. Similar support came from former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair.

93 My thanks to Bob Orr of the UN for clarifying this important point. My thanks to Bob Orr of the UN for clarifying this important point.

94 See Carlos Seignie's "Efficient Peacekeeping for a New World Order," See Carlos Seignie's "Efficient Peacekeeping for a New World Order," Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 11, issue 2, article 2 (2005), available online at 11, issue 2, article 2 (2005), available online at www.bepress.com/.

95 "Russia Condemns NATO Expansion," "Russia Condemns NATO Expansion," BBC News BBC News, April 1, 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3587717.stm.

96 Melissa Eddy, a.s.sociated Press, "Russia Warns NATO Expansion Will Sour Relations," Melissa Eddy, a.s.sociated Press, "Russia Warns NATO Expansion Will Sour Relations," Google News Google News, June 6, 2008, http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5hlC-mIlvKeJbGeOOpckmkNY2cnCAD91442T00.

97 Judy Dempsey, "U.S. Rejects German Calls to Withdraw Nuclear Weapons," Judy Dempsey, "U.S. Rejects German Calls to Withdraw Nuclear Weapons," New York Times New York Times, May 3, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/03/international/europe/03cnd-nuke.html.

98 "NATO Nuclear Policies," Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, "NATO Nuclear Policies," Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/issues/nato-nuclear-policies/index.htm (last accessed June 9, 2008). (last accessed June 9, 2008).

99 "Final Communique," Ministerial Meeting of the Defense Planning Committee and the Nuclear Planning Group, Brussels, Belgium, June 9, 2005, "Final Communique," Ministerial Meeting of the Defense Planning Committee and the Nuclear Planning Group, Brussels, Belgium, June 9, 2005, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/issues/nato-nuclear-policies/2005-06-09_defence-planning-committee.html.

100 George P. Shultz, William J. Perry, Henry Kissinger, and Sam Nunn, "World Free of Nuclear Weapons," George P. Shultz, William J. Perry, Henry Kissinger, and Sam Nunn, "World Free of Nuclear Weapons," Wall Street Journal Wall Street Journal, January 4, 2007.

101 For a full transcript of Des Browne's proposal, see For a full transcript of Des Browne's proposal, see http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/DefencePolicyAndBusiness/BrowneCallsForDevelopmentOfNuclearDisarmamentTechnologies.htm.

102 Ian Traynor, "Pre-Emptive Nuclear Strike a Key Option, Nato Told," Ian Traynor, "Pre-Emptive Nuclear Strike a Key Option, Nato Told," Guardian Guardian, January 22, 2008, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jan/22/nato.nuclear.

103 Judy Dempsey, "Report Calls for a Radical Overhaul of NATO," Judy Dempsey, "Report Calls for a Radical Overhaul of NATO," International Herald Tribune International Herald Tribune, January 31, 2008, http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/01/31/europe/nato.php.

104 For an excellent guide, see David A. Ochmanek's For an excellent guide, see David A. Ochmanek's Nato's Future: Implications for U.S. Military Capabilities and Posture Nato's Future: Implications for U.S. Military Capabilities and Posture (Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 2000). (Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 2000).

Chapter 5: Immigration: People, People Anywhere.

1 Tamar Jacoby, "Immigration Nation," Tamar Jacoby, "Immigration Nation," Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs, November- December 2006, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20061101faessay85606/tamar-jacoby/immigration-nation.html.

2 In addition to women being able to work and support themselves in industry and service sectors, the later introduction and proliferation of modern birth control helped to speed the transition to smaller family size. In addition to women being able to work and support themselves in industry and service sectors, the later introduction and proliferation of modern birth control helped to speed the transition to smaller family size.

3 Lloyd Miller, "The Economic Impact of an Aging Europe," Lloyd Miller, "The Economic Impact of an Aging Europe," McKinsey Quarterly McKinsey Quarterly, May 2005, 1.

4 Ibid. Ibid.

5 OECD, OECD, International Migration Outlook: SOPEMI 2007 Edition International Migration Outlook: SOPEMI 2007 Edition (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2007: 7, no. 7), 32. (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2007: 7, no. 7), 32.

6 Lloyd Miller, "The Demographic Deficit: How Aging Will Reduce Global Wealth," Lloyd Miller, "The Demographic Deficit: How Aging Will Reduce Global Wealth," McKinsey Quarterly McKinsey Quarterly, March 2005.

7 William La.r.s.en, "Worker to Retiree Ratio," October 10, 2002, William La.r.s.en, "Worker to Retiree Ratio," October 10, 2002, http://www.justsayno.50megs.com/wr_ratio.html.

8 According to pension consultant Watson Wyatt (see According to pension consultant Watson Wyatt (see http://www.watsonwyatt.com/news/featured/wef/germany.pdf).

9 David C. John, "2007 Social Security Trustees Report Shows the Urgency of Reform," Heritage Foundation, April 24, 2007, David C. John, "2007 Social Security Trustees Report Shows the Urgency of Reform," Heritage Foundation, April 24, 2007, http://www.heritage.org/research/SocialSecurity/wm1429.cfm 10 "The Coming Demographic Deficit: How Aging Populations Will Reduce Global Savings," McKinsey Global Inst.i.tute, December 2004. "The Coming Demographic Deficit: How Aging Populations Will Reduce Global Savings," McKinsey Global Inst.i.tute, December 2004.

11 Ibid. Ibid.

12 "One-child policy" is a misnomer: Actually, minorities and rural families whose first child is female or disabled are allowed multiple children. "One-child policy" is a misnomer: Actually, minorities and rural families whose first child is female or disabled are allowed multiple children.

13 Ibid. Ibid.

14 Amy Yee, "Stars of India," Amy Yee, "Stars of India," Financial Times Financial Times, June 30, 2007.

15 S. Mitra Kalita, "A Reversal of the Tide in India: Tech Workers Flow Home to More Success," S. Mitra Kalita, "A Reversal of the Tide in India: Tech Workers Flow Home to More Success," Washington Post Washington Post, February 28, 2006, A01.

16 Ibid. Ibid.

17 John Boudreau, "Behind the Boom, Emigres Tackle Poverty," John Boudreau, "Behind the Boom, Emigres Tackle Poverty," Mercury News Mercury News, December 6, 2006.

18 Kalita, "Reversal of the Tide in India," A01. Kalita, "Reversal of the Tide in India," A01.

19 Raghunath A. Mashelkar, "India's R&D: Reaching for the Top," Raghunath A. Mashelkar, "India's R&D: Reaching for the Top," Science Science 307, no. 5714 (March 4, 2005): 1415-1417. 307, no. 5714 (March 4, 2005): 1415-1417.

20 "The Role of Outsourcing in Reversing the Brain Drain into Brain Gain," "The Role of Outsourcing in Reversing the Brain Drain into Brain Gain," Development Gateway Foundation Development Gateway Foundation, January 14, 2005.

21 Kalita, "Reversal of the Tide in India," A01. Kalita, "Reversal of the Tide in India," A01.

22 UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migration 2006 International Migration 2006 (New York: United Nations Publications, 2006), (New York: United Nations Publications, 2006), http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/2006Migration_Chart/Migration2006.pdf.

23 "Migration and Migrant Integration in the Atlantic Region Conference Report," Atlantic Conference 2007, March 22-24, 2007, Seville, Spain. "Migration and Migrant Integration in the Atlantic Region Conference Report," Atlantic Conference 2007, March 22-24, 2007, Seville, Spain.

24 UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.

25 OECD, OECD, International Migration Outlook: SOPEMI 2007 Edition International Migration Outlook: SOPEMI 2007 Edition, 3.

26 Ibid. Ibid.

27 "The Effect of Outsourcing and Offshoring on Productivity Change," U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 26, 2004. "The Effect of Outsourcing and Offshoring on Productivity Change," U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 26, 2004.

28 "Monthly Statistical Snapshot, April 2008," Social Security Administration, "Monthly Statistical Snapshot, April 2008," Social Security Administration, http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/quickfacts/stat_snapshot/#table2.

29 Dan Griswold, "When Employment Lines Cross Borders," Dan Griswold, "When Employment Lines Cross Borders," Star Telegram Star Telegram, April 21, 2008, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=9346.

30 Jacoby, "Immigration Nation." Jacoby, "Immigration Nation."

31 William A. Wolf, "The Importance of Foreign-Born Scientists and Engineers to the Security of the United States," 109th Congress, Immigration, Border Security, and Claims Subcommittee, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives, September 15, 2005, William A. Wolf, "The Importance of Foreign-Born Scientists and Engineers to the Security of the United States," 109th Congress, Immigration, Border Security, and Claims Subcommittee, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives, September 15, 2005, http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ocga/testimony/Importance_of_Foreign_Scientists_and_Engineers_to_US.asp.

32 Ibid. Ibid.

33 Jacoby, "Immigration Nation." Jacoby, "Immigration Nation."

34 Ibid. Ibid.

35 Oscar Avila and Antonio Olivo,"Western Union Boycott Divides," Oscar Avila and Antonio Olivo,"Western Union Boycott Divides," Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, October 21, 2007.

36 For example,Western Union recently organized a 3:1 fund-matching program between immigrants from Zacatecas living in Illinois and local government offices in Mexico. As a result of the program, Western Union has already given $1.2 million to the Mexican community, earmarked for a computerized irrigation system and job creation. For example,Western Union recently organized a 3:1 fund-matching program between immigrants from Zacatecas living in Illinois and local government offices in Mexico. As a result of the program, Western Union has already given $1.2 million to the Mexican community, earmarked for a computerized irrigation system and job creation.

37 Ibid. Ibid.

38 Polaris Project, Polaris Project, http://www.polarisproject.org/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1 (last accessed June 18, 2008). (last accessed June 18, 2008).

39 Mark Chaplin, "Agents in the UEFA Spotlight," Mark Chaplin, "Agents in the UEFA Spotlight," UEFA Online, UEFA Online, September 29, 2006, September 29, 2006, http://www.uefa.com/uefa/keytopics/kind=2048/newsid=462974.html.

40 UNGIFT, Asia, "Briefing Note 8: Statistics on Human Trafficking in South Asia," UNGIFT, Asia, "Briefing Note 8: Statistics on Human Trafficking in South Asia," http://www.giftasia.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=207&Itemid=347.

41 "Mexico and NAFTA: Tariffs and Tortillas," "Mexico and NAFTA: Tariffs and Tortillas," Economist Economist, January 26-February 1, 2008, 38.

42 Ibid. Ibid.

43 Jacob Hill, "Free Trade and Immigration: Cause and Effect," Jacob Hill, "Free Trade and Immigration: Cause and Effect," Council on Hemispheric Affairs Council on Hemispheric Affairs, July 18, 2007, http://www.coha.org/2007/07/18/free-trade-and-immigration-cause-and-effect/.

44 "2005 Outsourcing Bills," National Conference of State Legislatures, "2005 Outsourcing Bills," National Conference of State Legislatures, http://www.ncsl.org/programs/employ/outsourcing05.htm.

45 "The Emerging Global Labor Market: The Demand for Offsh.o.r.e Talent in Services," McKinsey Global Inst.i.tute, June 2005. "The Emerging Global Labor Market: The Demand for Offsh.o.r.e Talent in Services," McKinsey Global Inst.i.tute, June 2005.

46 Martin N. Bally and Diana Farrell, "Exploding the Myths about Offshoring," McKinsey Global Inst.i.tute, April 2004, 4. Martin N. Bally and Diana Farrell, "Exploding the Myths about Offshoring," McKinsey Global Inst.i.tute, April 2004, 4.

47 Ibid., 5. Ibid., 5.

48 "Who Wins in Offshoring?" McKinsey Global Inst.i.tute, February 4, 2004. "Who Wins in Offshoring?" McKinsey Global Inst.i.tute, February 4, 2004.

49 Bally and Farrell, "Exploding the Myths about Offshoring," 6. Bally and Farrell, "Exploding the Myths about Offshoring," 6.

50 Jacob Hacker of the New America Foundation has suggested that using innovative insurance schemes could help manage occupational transitions. Using a small percent of the savings from offshoring, for instance, corporations could purchase insurance for their displaced workers to cover a percentage of lost wages until they gain new employment. Jacob Hacker of the New America Foundation has suggested that using innovative insurance schemes could help manage occupational transitions. Using a small percent of the savings from offshoring, for instance, corporations could purchase insurance for their displaced workers to cover a percentage of lost wages until they gain new employment.

51 Nor could a Procter & Gamble or Wal-Mart simply expect Chinese managers to follow global corporate protocol: Newly opened China had a business culture that still bore many peculiar relics of the Mao era. Bribery was rampant; Communist Party officials routinely wielded more authority than business owners; and a culture of paternalism meant that firing a middle manager could lead to a factorywide insurrection. For more anecdotes about the business climate in the early 1990s in China, see Tim Clissold's Nor could a Procter & Gamble or Wal-Mart simply expect Chinese managers to follow global corporate protocol: Newly opened China had a business culture that still bore many peculiar relics of the Mao era. Bribery was rampant; Communist Party officials routinely wielded more authority than business owners; and a culture of paternalism meant that firing a middle manager could lead to a factorywide insurrection. For more anecdotes about the business climate in the early 1990s in China, see Tim Clissold's Mr. China. Mr. China.

52 Katherine Rosman, "Expat Life Gets Less Cushy," Katherine Rosman, "Expat Life Gets Less Cushy," Wall Street Journal Wall Street Journal, October 26, 2007, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119335069837572103.html.

53 Ibid. Ibid.

54 Quality of life is on the rise in emerging markets, and cushy ex-pat packages are no longer needed to attract talent to foreign posts; many employees voluntarily relocate. According to consultancy ORC Worldwide, today the average package given a family of four moving from the United States to Tokyo is worth 1.8 times the executive's base salary, as opposed to 3.6 times in 1994. Quality of life is on the rise in emerging markets, and cushy ex-pat packages are no longer needed to attract talent to foreign posts; many employees voluntarily relocate. According to consultancy ORC Worldwide, today the average package given a family of four moving from the United States to Tokyo is worth 1.8 times the executive's base salary, as opposed to 3.6 times in 1994.

55 Workforce Mobility Facts Page, "Worldwide Employee Relocation Council," Workforce Mobility Facts Page, "Worldwide Employee Relocation Council," http://www.erc.org/who_is_ERC/facts.shtml.

56 Business education has vastly improved in many former ex-pat destinations; the 2007 Economist Intelligence Unit includes MBA programs from Hong Kong, Singapore, South Africa, China, and India in its list of the top 100 programs. In fact, many Westerners are now clamoring to study business abroad-the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School offers students programs in Beijing and Israel, while the University of Southern California's Marshall School of Business requires its entire incoming cla.s.s to take a field trip to one of a selected set of Pacific Rim or Latin American countries. As human capital consultancy Hewitt a.s.sociates explains, "conventional wisdom has been that expatriates were chosen based on the fact that they not only had the know-how to get a job done, but also were the corporate amba.s.sadors who could spread a company's culture to new and existing regional offices. But in our increasingly globalizing world, organizations have discovered that having a 'replica' corporate culture in every corner of the globe in which they operate is not always necessary or even advantageous." Business education has vastly improved in many former ex-pat destinations; the 2007 Economist Intelligence Unit includes MBA programs from Hong Kong, Singapore, South Africa, China, and India in its list of the top 100 programs. In fact, many Westerners are now clamoring to study business abroad-the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School offers students programs in Beijing and Israel, while the University of Southern California's Marshall School of Business requires its entire incoming cla.s.s to take a field trip to one of a selected set of Pacific Rim or Latin American countries. As human capital consultancy Hewitt a.s.sociates explains, "conventional wisdom has been that expatriates were chosen based on the fact that they not only had the know-how to get a job done, but also were the corporate amba.s.sadors who could spread a company's culture to new and existing regional offices. But in our increasingly globalizing world, organizations have discovered that having a 'replica' corporate culture in every corner of the globe in which they operate is not always necessary or even advantageous."

57 Danielle Guichard-Ashbrook, "International Students at MIT Post 9-11," Danielle Guichard-Ashbrook, "International Students at MIT Post 9-11," MIT Faculty Newsletter MIT Faculty Newsletter, March/April 2006, http://web.mit.edu/fnl/volume184/guichard_ashbrook.html.

58 Ibid. Ibid.

59 Inst.i.tute of International Education, "International Student Enrollment in U.S. Rebounds," Inst.i.tute of International Education, "International Student Enrollment in U.S. Rebounds," Open Doors 2007: International Students in the United States Open Doors 2007: International Students in the United States, November 12, 2007, http://opendoors.iienetwork.org/?p=113743.

60 Gregory Chenin and John Bidwell, "How the Patriot Act Is Affecting MHC's International Students and What the College Is Doing about It," Gregory Chenin and John Bidwell, "How the Patriot Act Is Affecting MHC's International Students and What the College Is Doing about It," Mount Holyoke Alumnae Quarterly Mount Holyoke Alumnae Quarterly, Spring 2005, http://www.alumnae.mtholyoke.edu.

61 Alan M. Webber, "Reverse Brain Drain Threatens U.S. Economy," Alan M. Webber, "Reverse Brain Drain Threatens U.S. Economy," USA Today USA Today, February 23, 2004, http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2004-02-23-economy-edit_x.htm.

62 "Immigration Statistics," Department of Homeland Security, "Immigration Statistics," Department of Homeland Security, http://www.dhs.gov/ximgtn/statistics/. The Diversity Lottery awards U.S. visas by lottery to foreigners who were born in countries with low rates of immigration to the United States.

63 Webber, "Reverse Brain Drain." Webber, "Reverse Brain Drain."

64 David Heenan, as quoted by Stephanie Clifford, "America's Reverse Brain Drain," David Heenan, as quoted by Stephanie Clifford, "America's Reverse Brain Drain," INC.com, December 12, 2005, http://www.inc.com/articles/2005/12/qaheenan.html.

65 Ilya Shapiro, "Foolish Misuse," Ilya Shapiro, "Foolish Misuse," National Review National Review, April 1, 2008, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=9311.

66 Although we typically think of how these visa shortages for engineers and scientists affect the U.S. technological lead, actually the H-1B visa covers a wide category of workers in "specialized occupations," such as models. A New York congressman proposed recla.s.sifying models in a separate immigration category-what some jokingly call a "beautiful people" visa. But the fashion industry generates tons of revenue for the United States each year, and fewer and fewer foreign models are granted visas each year. Although we typically think of how these visa shortages for engineers and scientists affect the U.S. technological lead, actually the H-1B visa covers a wide category of workers in "specialized occupations," such as models. A New York congressman proposed recla.s.sifying models in a separate immigration category-what some jokingly call a "beautiful people" visa. But the fashion industry generates tons of revenue for the United States each year, and fewer and fewer foreign models are granted visas each year.

67 Ibid. Ibid.

68 Bill Gates, "Strengthening American Compet.i.tiveness for the 21st Century," Oral Testimony, U.S. Senate Committee Hearing on Strengthening American Compet.i.tiveness, United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, Washington, D.C., March 7, 2007. Bill Gates, "Strengthening American Compet.i.tiveness for the 21st Century," Oral Testimony, U.S. Senate Committee Hearing on Strengthening American Compet.i.tiveness, United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, Washington, D.C., March 7, 2007.

69 Ibid. Ibid.

70 Carl F. Horowitz, "An Examination of U.S. Immigration Policy and Serious Crime," Center for Immigration Studies, April 2001, Carl F. Horowitz, "An Examination of U.S. Immigration Policy and Serious Crime," Center for Immigration Studies, April 2001, http://www.cis.org/articles/2001/crime/toc.html#fear.

71 "Immigrants and Crime: Setting the Record Straight," Immigration Policy Center, March 2008. "Immigrants and Crime: Setting the Record Straight," Immigration Policy Center, March 2008.

72 Ibid. Ibid.

73 Horowitz, "Examination of U.S. Immigration Policy." Horowitz, "Examination of U.S. Immigration Policy."

74 Office of the Press Secretary, "President Bush Discusses Comprehensive Immigration Reform in Glynco, Georgia," speech, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Glynco, Georgia, May 29, 2007, Office of the Press Secretary, "President Bush Discusses Comprehensive Immigration Reform in Glynco, Georgia," speech, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Glynco, Georgia, May 29, 2007, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/05/20070529-7.html.

75 Anup Shah, "Brain Drain of Workers from Poor to Rich Countries," Anup Shah, "Brain Drain of Workers from Poor to Rich Countries," Sustainable Development Sustainable Development, April 14, 2006, http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Development/braindrain/.

76 "The World Health Report 2006: Working Together for Health," World Health Organization, "The World Health Report 2006: Working Together for Health," World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/why/2006/en/.

77 Moyiga Nduru, "Brain Drain Is Killing People," Moyiga Nduru, "Brain Drain Is Killing People," Inter Press Service Inter Press Service, May 25, 2007, http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=37898.

78 World Health Organization, "World Health Report 2006." World Health Organization, "World Health Report 2006."

79 Mil Arcega, "Rising Health Care Costs One of 'Biggest Challenges,'" Mil Arcega, "Rising Health Care Costs One of 'Biggest Challenges,'" Voice of America Voice of America, June 17, 2008.

80 See See The MetLife Market Survey of Nursing Homes and a.s.sisted Living Costs The MetLife Market Survey of Nursing Homes and a.s.sisted Living Costs, October 2007, available online at http://www.metlife.com/Filea.s.sets/MMI/MMIStudies2007NHAL.pdf.