Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch Part 18

UNRUFE, _sb._ restlessness, vexation. Gol. and Gaw., 499. See _rove_, sb. Cp. Norse _uro_, restlessness, noise, Dan. _uro_, id.

UNSAUCHT, _adj._ disturbed, troubled. Gol. and Gaw., II, 12. See _saucht_.

UPBIGARE, _sb._ a builder. Winyet, II, 3, 4. See _big_. Cp. Norse _bygga up_.

UPLOIP, _vb._ leap up. Montg., M.P., III, 33. See _loup_. On this change of _ou_ to _oi_ cp. the same word in Norse, _laupa_ and _loipa_.

VATH, WAITH, _sb._ danger. Bruce, V, 418; Wallace, IX, 1737.

O.N._vai_, harm, mishap, disaster, Dan. _vaade_, danger, adversity, Sw. _vde_, an unlucky accident, M.E. _wae_, peril. Does not seem to exist in the modern diall.

VITTERLY, _adv._ certainly. Bruce, IV, 771; X, 350. O.N. _vitrliga_, wisely, Dan. _vitterlig_, well-known, undoubted, M.E.

_witerliche_, certainly.

VYNDLAND, _pr. p._ whirling around. Bruce, XVII, 721. O.N. _vindla_, to wind up. Norse _vindel_, a curl, anything twisted or wound.

Cu. _winnel_. Cp. Dan. _vindelbugt_, a spiral twist. Skeat cites provincial Eng. _windle_, a wheel for winding yarn.

WAG, _vb._ to totter, walk unsteady. Dunbar, 120, 98. Norse, _vagga_, to swing, rock, sway, O.N. _vaga_, to waddle. See further Skeat.

WAGGLE, _vb._ to wag, sway from side to side, wabble. M.W., 16, 23; 51, 5. Sw. dial. _vagla_, _vackla_, to reel, Norse _vakla_, id. May be taken as a Sco. frequentative of _wag_, q.v. Not to be derived from the L.G. word. Confined to the Scand.

settlements.

WAILIE, _adj._ excellent. Burns, 179, 2, 3, and 8, 7. See _wale_, sb.

WAILIT, _adj._ choice, fashionable, excellent. Rolland, I, 64. See _wail_, vb.

WALE, _vb._ to select, choose. Douglas, III, 3, 21; Dunbar, G.T., 186. Probably from the noun _wale_, choice. The vowel does not correspond with that of the O.N. vb. _velja_, which should have become _well_. But the forms _dwall_ from O.N. _dvelja_, and _hale_, O.N. _h.e.l.la_, appear in Sco. _Wale_ may be a formation a.n.a.logous to _hale_.

WAITH, _sb._ the spoil of the chase or of fishing. Wallace, I, 386.

O.N. _vaeir_, a catch in hunting or fishing. Norse _veidd_, the chase, _veida_, to hunt. On Sco. _faid_, a company of hunters. See I, --22.

WANDRETH, _sb._ sorrow, trouble. Douglas, I, 88, 14. O.N.

_vandraei_, difficulty, trouble. Norse, _vanraad_, misery, poverty.

WANT, VANT, _vb._ lack, stand in need of, suffer. Montg., S., 48, 3; Lyndsay, 152, 40704; Bruce, V, 422; Burns, 113, 2, 3. O.N.

_vanta_, to lack. Norse _vanta_, lack, never means desire.

This is the regular use of the word in Sco.

WANTHREIVIN, _adj._ unthriven, miserable. Montg., F., 327. O.N.

_van_ + _rifenn_, Norse _vantreven_, O.N. vb. _rifa_, Norse _triva_, _vantriva_ (refl.). See Skeat under Eng. _thrive_ and _thrift_.

WAP (wae?p), _vb._ to turn, overturn, throw, hurl. Douglas, I, 2, 20; III, 167, 28; Gol. and Gaw., 127. O.N. _vappa_, to waddle.

Norse _vappa_, turn, wrap around. Sw. dial. _vappla_, wrap up.

Cu. _wap_, to wrap.

WARE, _vb._ to lay out money, spend. Rolland, III, 450; Dunbar, 92, 13; R.R., 3553. O.N. _verja_, to invest money. See Wall.

WAUR, _vb._ to overcome. Burns, 7, 1, 7; Psalms, CXL, 2. See _werr_.

Cp. Eng. _worst_ as a vb. and superlative of bad, worse.

WEIK, _vb._ to weaken. Scott, 68, 14. Cp. Norse _veikja_, to weaken, make weak. O.N. _vaeikja_, to grow weak, both from adj.

_vaeikr_, weak, same as O.E. _wac_. The Sco. vb. may be formed directly from the adj., in which case its origin becomes uncertain. Skeat says Eng. _weak_, M.E. _weyke_ (which replaced _wook_ < o.e.="" _wac_),="" is="" from="" o.n.="" _vaeikr_.="" but="" the="" m.="" sco.="" form="" of="" o.e.="" or="" o.="" nhb.="" _wac_="" was="" _wake_="" (wek);="" our="" word="" could="" come="" from="" this.="" the="" diphthong,="" however,="" rather="" indicates="" that="" it="" comes="" from="" the="" norse="">

WEILL-VARANDLY, _adv._ in a proper manner. R.R., 911. See _farrand_.

Cp. O.N. _fara vel_, Norse _fara vel_, to go well, _velfaren_, gone well.

WELTER, _vb._ to roll, turn, overturn. Bruce, XI, 25; III, 700; Douglas, II, 125, 25; T.M.W., 439; Lyndsay, 342, 770. O.N.

_valtra_, to be unsteady, not firm, easily shaken. O. Sw.

_valltra_, Sw. dial. _valltra_, to roll.

WERR, WERE, WAR, VAR, WAUR, _adj._ worse. C.S., 57; Lyndsay, 428, 1392; R.R., 589, etc. O.N. _verr_, worse, Norse _verr_, _verre_, Dan. _vaerre_, Sw. _varr_, Cu. _waar_. This is the modern Sco. p.r.o.nunciation of it. The O. Fr. _wirra_ does not correspond to the Sco. forms of the word. It is most common in Scotland and N.W. England.

WICHT, _adj._ strong, vigorous, skillful. Bruce, VII, 263; Ramsay, I 253. O.N. _vigr_, fit for battle, skilled in war, from _vig_, battle, Sw. _vig_, active, M.E. _wiht_, valiant. B-S.

queries the word, but thinks it may come from M.L.G. _wicht_, heavy, thus the same word as Eng. _weight_. This meaning is, however, not satisfactory. The Sco. usage is that of the Scand. word. The _t_ is inflectional. Cp. O.N. _eiga vigt um_.

WICK, _vb._ to make to turn, to strike off on the side, strike a stone in an oblique direction, a term in curling, to hit the corner (Wagner). O.N. _vikja_, to turn, to veer, Sw. dial.

_vik_, Sw. _wika_, Norse _vikja_, _vika_, to turn (causative).

Dan. _vige_ not quite the same word.

WILKATT, _sb._ a wild cat, Dalr., I, 723. Ramsay II, 500. O.N.

_vill_ + Eng., Norse _cat_, _kat_.

WILL, VILL, _adj. adv._ lost, bewildered, astray. Dunbar, 228, 74; Douglas, II, 24, 6, "to go will." O.N. _villr_, bewildered, _fara villt_, get lost, Norse _vill_, astray, Dan. _vild_, Sw.

_vill_. Cp. Cu. _wills_, doubts, "Aaz i' wills whether to gang or nit."

WILRONE, _sb._ a wild boar. Scott, 71, 106. O.N. _vill_, wild, + _runi_, a boar, a wild boar, Norse _rone_, _raane_, Sw. dial.

_rne_, Dan., with metathesis, _orne_.

WILSUM, _adj._ errant, wandering. Douglas, II, 65, 16; "a wilsome way," "Freires of Berwick," 410. See _will_, astray. _Wilsum_ more frequently means "willful," is Eng.

WISSLE, VISSIL, WYSSIL. Douglas, III, 225, 8; Bruce, XII, 580; Montg., F., 578. O.N. _vixla_, to cross, to put across, _vixlingr_, a changeling (Cl. and V.), Norse _veksla_, _vessla_, to exchange, Dan. _veksle_. Sco. and Norse both show the change of _ks_ to _ss_. The Norse form _versla_ shows later dissimilation of _ss_ to _rs_. This is W.Norse.

WITTIR, _sb._ a sign. Douglas, II, 231, 16. See _wittering_.

WITTERING, VITTERING, _sb._ information, knowledge. Bruce, IV, 562; Douglas, II, 185, 27. O.N. _vitring_, revelation, from vb.

_vitra_, to reveal. Norse _vitring_, information, M.E.

_witering_, id.

WELTER, _sb._ an overturning. Winyet, I, 49, 22. See the vb.

_welter_.

PART III.

1. THE DIALECTAL PROVENIENCE OF LOANWORDS.