Pius IX. And His Time Part 20

M1 Further violence.-Attack on the Holy Father.-Murder of Monsignore Palma.

1 In 1855 the Bonaparte family were without a name in that Europe where they had possessed so many thrones. One man had compa.s.sion on them, and acted generously, Pius VIII. welcomed them to his States.

A member of this family, Lucien Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother, having always shown great faithfulness to the Holy See, Pius VIII.

conferred upon him the t.i.tle of a Roman Prince and the princ.i.p.ality of Canino. Lucien's son has not been gifted to walk in the footsteps of his honorable father. Balleydier, in his history of the Roman revolution, thus portrays him: "Versed in dissimulation, Charles Bonaparte had, under the preceding Pontificate, acted two very opposite characters. In the morning attending in the ante-chambers of the Cardinals, in the evening at the Conciliabula of the secret Societies, he labored to secure, by a double game, the chances of the present and the probabilities of the future. He had often been seen going piously to the Vatican even, to lay at the feet of Gregory XVI. homage which his heart belied." No doubt, in 1847 and 1848, he thought himself an abler man than his father, as he marched, poignard in hand, at the head of the malcontents of Rome.

M2 The Pope abandoned by his people. The Pope protests against the Socialist ministry and its acts.

M3 Unsettled state of the European nations.

M4 Pius IX. retires to Gaeta.

M5 Treacherous conduct of sworn servants of the Papacy.

M6 Sentiments and declarations of the Revolutionists.

M7 What the world thought of the proceedings at Rome.

M8 The Catholic Powers resolve to reinstate the Pope.

M9 Dutiful conduct of Ferdinand of Naples, towards the exiled Pope.

M10 Action of the Powers delayed. Prince Louis Napoleon repudiates the conduct of the Prince of Canino.-Declares for the temporal sovereignty.

M11 Several Powers undertake to restore the Pope. France sends an army to Rome. Treachery of the Roman populace. Determination to besiege Rome. The siege delayed by diplomatic manuvres.

M12 Excesses of the Revolutionists.

M13 The King of Naples and the Spaniards offer to a.s.sist the French.

M14 Rome surrenders to the French.

M15 Colonel Niel despatched to Gaeta with the keys of the city.

M16 Letter of Pius IX. to General Oudinot.

M17 General Oudinot repairs to Gaeta and invites the Pope to return to his Capital.

M18 The French Republic tries to coerce the Pope.-Letter to Colonel Edgar Ney.

M19 Address of Montalembert to the National a.s.sembly of France.

M20 The Munic.i.p.ality of Rome invites the Pope to return.

M21 The Pope returns to Rome.

M22 State of religion in countries affected by the Photian schism and the Mahometan imposture.

2 This danger is past.

M23 French colonies and foreign missions-Africa.

M24 German a.s.sociations of Pius IX.-State of religion in Germany.

M25 Degeneracy of Spain and Portugal, and their colonies-Restoration under the auspices of Pius IX.

M26 State of the Catholic Church in England prior to 1850.

M27 Pius IX. restores the English Hierarchy.

M28 Numbers and names of the new Sees.

M29 Dr. Wiseman and thirteen other eminent persons raised by Pius IX. to the dignity of Cardinal.

M30 Success of the English Hierarchy.

M31 Increase of Catholics during the decade-1840-1850.

M32 Wonderful growth of the Catholic Church in England during the Pontificate of Pius IX.

M33 State of the Catholic Church in Holland anterior to the restoration of its Hierarchy in 1853.

M34 Persecution in New Granada. Pius IX. remonstrates.

M35 Persecution ceases at last in the Scandinavian countries.

M36 Pius IX. sends a Catholic pastor to Stockholm.

M37 Denmark-600 conversions.

M38 Pius IX. establishes a Metropolitan See at Athens.

M39 Germany-Wars against the Church.

M40 An archbishop and other priests cruelly persecuted. Sustained by Pius IX. and finally by the people.

M41 Pius IX. laments the state of religion in Sardinia.-Condemns the Act secularizing marriage.

M42 Pius IX. puts an end to the celebrated Goa Schism in 1851.

M43 Encyclical on the Immaculate Conception-1849.

M44 Pius IX. solemnly promulgated the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception.

M45 Disputes concerning the study of the ancient cla.s.sics happily terminated by Pius IX.

M46 Accident at St. Agnes. Narrow escape of Pius IX. and many eminent persons.

M47 Piedmont seeks a French alliance against the Pope.

M48 Pius IX. encourages Science and the Fine Arts-"Vindex antiquitatis."

M49 Lord Clarendon rebukes Count Cavour.

M50 "_Motu proprio_."

M51 Donoso Cortez, in the Spanish Parliament, supports the Papal Sovereignty.

M52 Lord Lansdowne, together with all the statesmen and States of Christendom, recognize the principles laid down in Pius the Ninth's "_motu proprio_."

M53 Canonizations at Rome.-Two American Saints. Pius IX. erects four Metropolitan Sees in the United States.

M54 New See of Laval.-Rennes becomes Metropolitan.-Restoration of the Chapter of St. Denis.

M55 Napoleon desires to be crowned by the Pope. Pius IX. sponsor for Napoleon's son.-Golden rose sent to the Empress.

M56 Pius IX. G.o.dfather to Alphonso XII. of Spain.

M57 Concordat with Austria.

M58 Difficulties in Spain and Spanish countries. Errors of Gunther.

M59 Pius IX. makes a progress through his States.-His popularity.

M60 The Mortara case.

M61 New Sees erected by Pius IX. in America.

M62 Several names added to the number of the Saints.

M63 Count Orsini attempts to murder the Emperor Napoleon III.

M64 The war of 1859.-The legations severed from the states of the Church.

3 Mr. Perkins, in his letter to the _Times_, makes out that they forced open the houses of the inhabitants to make them give up their wine, and that they got drunk.

M65 The peace of Villafranca.

M66 How the treaty was observed.

4 Protocol, March 18th.

5 "If we were to sift the pretensions of all our public men, to discover that one person who is necessarily best informed of the past and present state of Italy, and the causes and means that have produced the anarchy which now prevails over the greater part of that unfortunate peninsula, Lord Normanby would inevitably be the man for our purpose. His long residence in Italy, his intimate acquaintance with all that is there distinguished for literature, science, art and statesmanship, and his unquestionable liberality of sentiment, as a politician, give him a paramount claim to our respectful attention, and even to our confidence, when he comes forward to enlighten his countrymen, with respect to Italian affairs-a claim to which no other member of the legislature can have the slightest pretensions. He has, too, throughout a long public career, always maintained such an independence of character, and so n.o.bly and generously subordinated his personal interests to his sense of public duty, as to ent.i.tle him as a right to our confidence, when he unbosoms himself either in print or in speech, of that knowledge which he has acquired by long study and experience in official and non-official life, and tells us important truths which it is necessary for us to know, in order to be able to form a correct judgment upon momentous pa.s.sing events."-_Weekly Register_, _February 11, 1860_.

M67 The French Emperor connives at the violation of the Treaty.

M68 A European Congress proposed for settling the affairs of Italy.

M69 Diplomatic doctrine of non-intervention.

M70 Tuscany, Parma, Modena and the Legations finally annexed to Piedmont. Price of the spoil.

M71 Results of Revolutionary Government.

M72 Garibaldi reappears.

M73 Revolutionary reforms in Sicily, Naples, Lombardy, Modena, the Pontifical States, &c.

M74 Revival of Peter's pence.

M75 The Pope forms an army.-Lamoriciere commands.

M76 Duplicity of the French Government.-The Emperor of Austria restrained by his Council.-Lamoriciere's force cut to pieces by the Piedmontese at Castelfidaro.

M77 Further expression of opinion.-The Great Powers.

M78 A Plebiscitum.-Umbria and the Marches of Ancona annexed to Sardinia.

M79 The pamphlet La France, Rome et l'Italie.-Cardinal Antonelli's reply.

M80 First Italian Parliament. Victor Emmanuel proclaimed King of Italy.

M81 Death of Count de Cavour.

M82 The Lebanon Ma.s.sacres.-Generosity of Pius IX.

M83 Conversion of the Bulgarians.

M84 The annexation to Piedmont of Umbria and the Marches publicly sanctioned by Napoleon III.