North American Recent Soft-shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae) Part 10

Muskegon (Lagler, _op. cit._:303). _Van Buren_: Reynolds Lake, 2.5 mi.

E Lawrence (Edgren, 1942:180).

MISSISSIPPI: _De Soto_: Lake Cormorant (Stejneger, 1944:55). _Holmes_: Thornton (Cook, 1946:185). _Humphreys_: Belzoni (Stejneger, _loc.

cit._). _Sunflower_: _Warren_: Vicksburg, Eagle Lake (Cook, _loc.

cit._). _Washington_: Lake Washington (Smith and List, 1955:125); Greenville (Stejneger, _loc. cit._).

NEW YORK: _Albany_: Hudson River at Albany (DeKay, 1842:7); Mohawk River at Cohoes (Eights _in_ Bishop, 1923:120). _Cattaraugus_: Allegheny River and Red House Lake in Allegheny State Park (Eaton, 1945:115). _Chautauqua_: Lake Chautauqua (DeKay, _loc. cit._).

_Monroe_: Braddocks Bay and Long Pond on Lake Ontario (Wright, 1919:8). _Saratoga_: Hudson River near Baker's Falls (restricted locality, Rafinesque, 1832:64). _County unknown_: Lake Cayuga; Mohawk River (DeKay, _loc. cit._).

OHIO (Conant, 1951:158-59, 264, except records from Allen, Geauga and n.o.ble counties): _Allen_: Sugar Creek, 6 mi. N Lima (Adler and Dennis, 1960:27). _Ashland_: Long Lake, Lake Twp.; Black Fork, Sec. 27, Green Twp. _Athens_: Hocking River "near" Athens; "near" Fisher, Alexander Twp. _Auglaize_: Pusheta Creek, west of Wapakoneta. _Brown_: White Oak Creek, 1 mi. N Higginsport. _Butler_: Oxford. _Champaign_: Mad River, 4 mi. SW Urbana. _Coshocton_: Walhouding River, below dam. _Defiance_: Auglaize River, Shawnee Scout Camp, Defiance Twp. _Erie_: Huron; Sandusky. _Fairfield_: Buckeye Lake. _Franklin_: Alum Creek, Westerville; Columbus. _Geauga_: Chardon Twp. (Wood, 1959:8).

_Greene_: Huffman Dam. _Hamilton_: Harrison; mouth of Miami River.

_Hardin_: "near" Hepburn. _Henry_: Maumee River, east of Napoleon; Maumee River "near" Texas; Maumee River, 3 mi. W Texas. _Highland_: Little Brush Creek, 2 mi. N Sinking Spring. _Huron_: Huron River "near" Monroeville. _Jackson_: Canter's Cove, Jackson Twp.; Jackson Lake. _Knox_: Brinkhaven. _Lake_: east branch Chagrin River, Kirtland; Grand River, 4 mi. E Painesville. _Lawrence_: Pine Creek, Elizabeth Twp. _Logan_: Miami River, "near" Indian Lake. _Lorain_: Oberlin.

_Lucas_: Lake Erie at Reno Beach, Jerusalem Twp.; Lake Erie, 1/2 mi.

offsh.o.r.e from mouth of Crane Creek; Maumee River at Maumee; Swan Creek, W of Toledo; "near" Waterville; Swan Creek "near" Whitehorse.

_Madison_: London. _Medina_: Hinckley Lake. _Meigs_: Shade River, below Darwin. _Miami_: Miami River, above Troy. _Monroe_: Cranenest Fork, Green Twp. _Montgomery_: Mad River, Dayton; Miami River, Dayton; Stillwater River, Dayton. _Morrow_: Kokosing River, Franklin Twp.

_n.o.ble_: Jct. Sharon Twp. 1 and St. Rt. 78. (Adler and Dennis, 1960:27). _Ottawa_: East Harbour, Catawba Island. _Pike_: Chenoweth Fork, Sunfish Twp.; Scioto River, Camp Creek Twp. _Ross_: Paint Creek near Bainbridge. _Vinton_: Lake Hope; Lake Alma. _Warren_: Fort Ancient. _Washington_: Dam No. 2, Muskingum River, "near" Marietta.

_Williams_: 1 mi. S Blakesley; St. Joseph River "near" Blakesley; West Branch, St. Joseph River, Sec. 8, Bridgewater Twp.; Edgerton. _Wood_: Grand Rapids; Gra.s.sy Creek, Rossford; Haskins; Maumee River opposite Toledo.

PENNSYLVANIA: _Allegheny_: Monongahela River above McKeesport (Atkinson, 1901:154); Ohio River at Pittsburgh (Wied-Neuwied _in_ Stejneger, 1944:44, 49). _Armstrong_: (Swanson, 1952:165). _Clarion_: Clarion River "near" Clarion (Allen, 1955:228); Foxburg (= Foxbury?, Boulenger, 1889:260). _Crawford_: _Elk_: _Erie_: Edinboro Lake.

_Forest_: (Swanson, _loc. cit._). _Indiana_: Plum Creek; Crooked Creek (Netting _in_ Stejneger, 1944:48). _McKean_: (Swanson, _loc. cit._).

_Somerset_: Stoyestown (Surface, 1908:122). _Warren_: _Venango_: Allegheny River south of Franklin (Swanson, _loc. cit._).

TENNESSEE: _Chester_: South Fork, Forked Deer River just E Henderson (Endsley, 1954:40). _Clay_: Mill Creek, 3 mi. from Butler's Landing; Obey River above mouth of Wolf River at Lilydale; mouth of Wolf River (Shoup, Peyton and Gentry, 1941:75); Iron Creek "near" Willow Grove (Stejneger, 1944:56). _Fentress_: _Jackson_: (Gentry, 1941:332).

_Lake_: Reelfoot Lake (Parker, 1948:29). _Obion_: Walnut Log (Parker, 1937:85); east sh.o.r.e of Reelfoot Lake, Samburg (Rhoads, 1895:386).

_Overton_: Medlock Branch, tributary of West Fork Obey River north of Allred (Shoup, Peyton and Gentry, _loc. cit._). _Roane_: 2 mi. S Kingston (Stejneger, 1944:55).

VERMONT: _Chittenden_: Lake Champlain, mouth of Winooski River; "near"

Burlington; Milton (= Minton) (Babc.o.c.k, 1919:420). _Franklin_: Swanton (Stejneger, 1944:55).

WEST VIRGINIA: _Randolph_: Tygart River at Elkins (Green, 1937:116).

WISCONSIN: _Burnett_: _Crawford_: (Pope and d.i.c.kinson, 1928:83).

_Dane_: Lake Wingra, Madison (Noland, 1951:54). _Grant_: (Pope and d.i.c.kinson, _loc. cit._). _Green Lake_: Berlin (AMNH 6840-41, listed in card file March 2, 1959). _Jefferson_: Lake Mills (d.i.c.kinson, 1950:75). _La Crosse_: West Salem (Pope, 1930:281). _Oneida_: _Pepin_: (Pope and d.i.c.kinson, _loc. cit._). _Racine_: Eagle Lake (Edgren, 1944:498); Burlington; Rochester (Stille and Edgren, 1948:201).

_Sheboygan_: Sheboygan (KKA). _Trempealeau_: _Vernon_: "near" Viroqua (Pope, _loc. cit._). _Walworth_: Lake Beulah (d.i.c.kinson, _loc. cit._).

_Washburn_: (Pope and d.i.c.kinson, _loc. cit._). _Waukesha_: Lac La Belle (Cahn, 1929:8). _Winnebago_: Wolfe River (d.i.c.kinson, _loc.

cit._).

=Trionyx spinifer hartwegi= (Conant and Goin)

Western Spiny Softsh.e.l.l

Plates 35 and 36

_Amyda spinifera hartwegi_ Conant and Goin, Occas. Papers Mus.

Zool. Univ. Mich., No. 510:1, pl. 1, map 1, June 15, 1948.

_T[rionyx] s[pinifer] hartwegi_ Schwartz, Charleston Mus. Leaflet, No. 26:11, May, 1956.

_Type._--Holotype, UMMZ 95365; alcoholic adult male; obtained at Wichita, Sedgwick County, Kansas, in May, 1945, by Robert Young.

_Range._--Central United States in tributaries flowing into the Mississippi River from the west, except the Red River drainage; eastern Montana, North Dakota, and southern Minnesota south to eastern Colorado, northern Oklahoma and Arkansas (see map, Fig. 19).

_Diagnosis._--Juvenal pattern of small ocelli, rarely as large as two millimeters in diameter, or usually solid black dots that are not much larger in center of carapace than at sides (mean OD/PL, Kansas, .022); only one dark marginal line separating pale rim of carapace from dorsal ground color.

_Description._--Plastral length of smallest hatchling, 2.8 centimeters (USNM 9928); of largest male, 13.1 centimeters (USNM 55687); of largest female, 25.5 centimeters (KU 2283).

Carapace olive, having small ocelli or black spots that are not much larger in the center of the carapace than at the sides; pale rim of carapace separated from darker ground color by one dark marginal line and not four or five times wider posteriorly than laterally; large females often having black dots at sides of carapace on mottled and blotched pattern; pattern on snout of pale, dark-bordered stripes that unite forming acute angle in front of eyes; well-defined dark markings in subocular and postl.a.b.i.al region; pattern contrasting with ground color on side of head; postl.a.b.i.al stripe broken, interrupted; pale postocular stripe having blackish borders interrupted, not joining with postl.a.b.i.al stripes; dorsal surface of soft parts of body having contrasting pattern, largest blackish marks on hind limbs; elongate tail of males having pale dorsolateral bands with well-defined, lower, blackish borders; patterns on soft parts of body usually obscured or absent on large females; underparts whitish, often having blackish marks, except in center of plastral area; dark marks on webbing of limbs, palms and soles; dark streaks often coincident with digits; tubercles along anterior edge of carapace small and conical on adult males, and conical or k.n.o.blike on large females; accessory, k.n.o.blike tubercles in nuchal region and in middle of carapace posteriorly on large females.

Ontogenetic variation in PL/HW, mean PL/HW of specimens having plastral lengths 7.0 centimeters or less, 4.24, and exceeding 7.0 centimeters, 5.33; ontogenetic variation in CL/CW, mean CL/CW of specimens having plastral lengths 8.5 centimeters or less, 1.12, and exceeding 8.5 centimeters, 1.19; mean CL/PCW, 2.00; mean SL/HW, 1.30 (including subspecies _spinifer_); mean CL/PL, 1.38.

_Variation._--Variants include: CNHM 8949, UMMZ 72511 and TU 14591 having ocelli approximately 4 millimeters in diameter that are almost solid spots; KU 17728 having pale stripes on snout that lack black, inner borders; TTC 719 (female, plastral length 20.7 cm.), having distinct pattern on snout; USNM 14535, 17823, 55684, and 123446 (from different localities) having markings confined to margins of carapace (Stejneger, 1944:66, suggested that USNM 17823 probably came from Texas); UMMZ 92667 (female, plastral length 6.7 cm.) lacking pattern on carapace.

_Comparisons._--_T. s. hartwegi_ can be distinguished from all other subspecies of _T. spinifer_ by the presence of small dots and ocelli on the carapace that are all of approximately the same size in combination with only one dark marginal line. _T. s. hartwegi_ resembles _asper_ in having small blackish ocelli or dots on the carapace but differs from _asper_ in having only one dark marginal line. _T. s. hartwegi_ differs from _spinifer_ only in the small size of the ocelli. _T. s. hartwegi_ resembles _spinifer_ and _asper_, but differs from _pallidus_, _guadalupensis_ and _emoryi_ in having blackish spots and ocelli on the carapace and lacking small whitish spots. _T. s. hartwegi_ resembles _spinifer_, _asper_ and _pallidus_ but differs from _guadalupensis_ and _emoryi_ in having conical or k.n.o.blike tubercles on the anterior edge of the carapace on large females.

_T. s. hartwegi_ differs from the subspecies _asper_, _guadalupensis_ and _emoryi_ in having a narrower head, and from _emoryi_ in having a wider carapace. _T. s. hartwegi_ resembles _spinifer_ and _asper_ but differs from the other subspecies in having the carapace widest at a plane approximately one-half way back on the carapace. _T. s.

hartwegi_ and _spinifer_ have longer snouts than do _pallidus_ and _guadalupensis_ or _emoryi_. _T. s. hartwegi_ differs from _asper_ but resembles the other subspecies in having a relatively longer plastron.

_Remarks._--The validity of _T. s. hartwegi_ has never been questioned. It intergrades with _spinifer_ over a broad area paralleling the Mississippi River. For convenience, specimens occurring west of the Mississippi River are referred to the subspecies _hartwegi_. Figure 8 shows much variation in size of ocelli on different individuals from the same state. For example, UMMZ 92667, plastral length 6.7 centimeters has a uniform pale brown carapace lacking any dark marks, whereas UMMZ 92652, plastral length 5.9 centimeters has some ocelli three millimeters in diameter on the carapace. Both are from Iowa. One specimen from Kansas, KU 1954 (Doniphan County, plastral length 11.8 cm.), has ocelli four millimeters in diameter, and USNM 7648 captured farther west at Fort Laramie, Wyoming, an adult male having a plastral length of 11.0 centimeters, has some ocelli five millimeters in diameter on the carapace. TTC 1090, an adult male from the panhandle of Texas has some ocelli so much as 5.5 millimeters in diameter. The size of the ocelli seemingly varies in the same local population.

Specimens of _T. spinifer_ in the lower Mississippi Valley are intergrades. Most individuals have small black dots on the carapace; some have small ocelli (TU 7216, 7501, 11912, 12123-24) interspersed with black dots (TU 5863), others have black dots confined to the edge of the carapace (TU 157, 4539, 7105), and still others have no pattern on the carapace (TU 7506, 13698.1, 10087.6). Two large males (TU 11580, 13025) have large ocelli (approximately five mm. in diameter) that have nearly black centers. In general, there is more dark pigmentation than farther north; some specimens have extensive pigmentation on the ventral surface of the carapace and soft parts of the body (TU 156, 5648). The dorsal surface of the limbs, especially the hind limbs, have a bold, black marbling and may be almost completely black (TU 5484, 5597). Many females, not exceeding plastral lengths of 7.0 centimeters, have a pale blotched pattern of lichenlike figures or have ill-defined black dots on the carapace (TU 10087, 13698.13, 13753.15).

Localities of specimens of _T. spinifer_ occurring in the Mississippi River drainage in Mississippi are arbitrarily listed under the account of the subspecies _spinifer_, whereas those in Louisiana (excluding _pallidus_) are listed under the account of _hartwegi_.

Neither Over (1943) nor Wheeler (1947:169) record _T. s. hartwegi_, respectively, from South Dakota or North Dakota; records from the Missouri River drainage in Montana suggest the occurrence of the species in that drainage in North and South Dakota.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 392 as follows: ARKANSAS: _Clay_: UMMZ 70735 (2), 7 mi. S St. Francis. _Crawford_: USNM 95352, Lee Creek, 7 mi. NW Natural Dam. _Drew_: CNHM 40785. _Lafayette_: KU 2225-29, 2944 (one of three specimens bearing last catalog number), 2963 (one of three specimens bearing this catalog number), 2964 (one of two specimens bearing this catalog number), Lewisville (see remarks under the account of the subspecies _pallidus_). _Lawrence_: CNHM 8949; CNHM 12598-600, 12602-04, TU 5855, UI 2413, Imboden; UI 2412, Black River at Powhatan. _Marion_: TU 14591 (6), White River at Cotter.

_Prairie_: KU 1867, 1869, 1879, 1949-51, 2280-83, 2285-91 (2 specimens bear catalog number 2287), 2307, 2761-62, 2666, 2826, 2842, 3346-47, White River at DeValls Bluff. _Pulaski_: UMMZ 96540, Little Rock.

_Saline_: USNM 17823, Saline River at Benton. _Searcy_: UMMZ 92755, Little Red River, 1.5 mi. SE Leslie. _Yell_: TU 14565, Pet.i.t Jean Creek, 10 mi. N Casa. _County unknown_: CNHM 28566-67, Ouachita River.

IOWA: _Allamakee_: UMMZ 72556-58, 92642-49, Mississippi River "near"

Lansing. _Appanoose_: UMMZ 92667, Chariton River, 4.3 mi. N.

Centerville. _Decatur_: UMMZ 92651, Grand River, 3.5 mi. WSW Decatur.

_d.i.c.kinson_: UMMZ 55249, Milford; UMMZ 92655, Spirit Lake Twp.

_Hamilton_: USNM 9928, Webster City. _Hardin_: UMMZ 92650, Eldora.

_Louisa_: UMMZ 92654, Muscatine Slough, 12 mi. SW Muscatine, Muscatine County. _Muscatine_: INHS 7675, 5.5 mi. SE Muscatine; USNM 54730-32, Fairport. _Scott_: CNHM 433, Davenport; UMMZ 92656, Steamboat Slough, 2 mi. N Princeton. _Story_: UMMZ 92653, Squaw Creek at Ames.

_Washington_: UMMZ 92652, English River, 2 mi. E Riverside.

KANSAS: _Anderson_: KU 52286-87, 3-1/4 mi. E, 1/2 mi. N Colony.

_Atchison_: UMMZ 66939-41, Atchison. _Barber_: KU 17728, 4.5 mi. S Sun City; KU 41379, 41742, 6 mi. N, 3.5 mi. E Sharon; USNM 100580, Medicine River, 1 mi. S Lake City. _Cherokee_: KU 1323, Galena.

_Comanche_: KU 18385, 3-4 mi. SE Arrington. _Cowley_: UMMZ 75963, USNM 90441-44, 91022, 100529-30, "near" Winfield. _Doniphan_: KU 1943, 1952-54, Doniphan Lake. _Douglas_: KU 1955-56, Wakarusa River; KU 40176-77, Kansas River at Lawrence. _Franklin_: KU 3290. _Hamilton_: KU 2990, Syracuse. _Harper_: KU 18159, 1 mi. N Harper. _Kingman_: USNM 95261, 2 mi. E Calista. _Labette_: KU 3339. _Lane_: KU 3738-41, Pendennis. _Logan_: KU 16531, Smoky Hill River, 3 mi. SW Elkader.

_Meade_: KU 40210, Crooked Creek, 12.5 mi. S, 1-1/4 mi. W Meade.

_Montgomery_: KU 3731-32, Independence; KU 50856, Cherryvale Lake.

_Neosho_: UMMZ 69294, Caneville Creek, 32 mi. N. Parsons, Labette County. _Osage_: KU 3294-96, Appanoose Creek. _Pratt_: KU 15931-32, 15934, State Fish Hatchery "near" Pratt. _Riley_: KU 48239, McDowell Creek, WSW Manhattan; UMMZ 64434, "near" Manhattan. _Russell_: KU 3289. _Sedgwick_: UMMZ 95363-65, Wichita. _Shawnee_: USNM 123446, Kansas River at Topeka. _Stafford_: KU 3758, Little Salt Marsh; KU 41743, 13.5 mi. N, 6 mi. E Stafford. _Trego_: KU 2757, 3769, Smoky Hill River, 10 mi. N (NNE) Utica, Ness County; KU 51517, Saline River, 5 mi. N, 1/2 mi. E Wakeeney. _Wilson_: KU 56744-45, Verdigris River, 1 mi. S Altoona. _Woodson_: KU 55295, Neosho River, 1/2 mi. E, 1-1/2 mi.

S Neosho Falls. _County unknown_: USNM 51529.

LOUISIANA: _Catahoula_: TU 12629, Ouachita River, 4 mi. N Harrisonburg. _Claiborne_: TU 13080, Caney Lake "near" Summerfield.

_Concordia_: KU 50849, Tensas River at Clayton; TU 16524 (3), USNM 012349, Lake Concordia; USNM 99865, Red River "near" Shaw. _East Carrol_: TU 827-30, 905, 5644-45, Lake Providence. _Grant_: TU 12735, Big Creek at Fishville, "near" Pollock. _Jefferson_: TU 5592-98, 7184, 10741, 10171, Mahogany Pond. _Lafourche_: TU 7105, 7132, 7216, 7501, 7505-07, 10087 (14), 11828-29, 11912, 11983 (2), 12123-28, 13502, 13679 (8), 13753 (22), 13766.2, Bayou Lafourche at Raceland.

_Morehouse_: USNM 11631 (2), Mer Rouge. _Natchitoches_: USNM 100420, Cane River "near" Natchitoches. _Orleans_: TU 16169 (3), Audubon Park, New Orleans; USNM 029310, "near" New Orleans. _Ouachita_: TU 12916, 12954, 12970-71, 13019, 13025, Bartholomew Bayou at Sterlington; TU 5988, Monroe. _Pointe Coupee_: TU 153, 156-59, 165, 5484, 5513, 5518-19, 5646, 5648, 5651, USNM 100202-12, False River at New Roads.