Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado Part 1

Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado.

by Anonymous.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

Briefed

A complete copy of the rules and regulations for governing the park may be seen at the office of the superintendent.

+Automobiles.+--Secure automobile permit, fee $1 per car. Speed limit 35 miles per hour on entrance highway, 20 miles per hour in headquarters area and on ruin roads. Drive carefully; free wheeling is prohibited within the park.

+Fires.+--Confine fires to designated places. Extinguish completely before leaving camp, even for temporary absences. Do not guess your fire is out--KNOW IT.

+Firewood.+--Use only the wood that is stacked and marked "firewood"

near your campsite. By all means do not use your ax on any standing tree or strip bark from the junipers.

+Grounds.+--Burn all combustible rubbish before leaving your camp.

Do not throw papers, cans, or other refuse on the ground or over the canyon rim. Use the incinerators which are placed for this purpose.

+Hiking.+--Do not venture away from the headquarters area unless accompanied by a guide or after first having secured permission from a duly authorized park officer.

+Hunting.+--Hunting is prohibited within the park. This area is a sanctuary for all wildlife.

+Noise.+--Be quiet in camp after others have gone to bed. Many people come here for rest.

+Park Rangers.+--The rangers are here to help and advise you as well as to enforce regulations. When in doubt, ask a ranger.

+Ruins and Structures.+--Do not mark, disturb, or injure in any way the ruins or any of the buildings, signs, or other properties within the park.

+Trees, Flowers, and Animals.+--Do not carve initials upon or pull the bark from any logs or trees. Flowers may not be picked unless written permission is obtained from the superintendent or park naturalist. Do not harm or frighten any of the wild animals or birds within the park. We wish to protect them for your enjoyment.

+Visitors.+--Register and secure permit at the park entrance.

Between travel seasons, registration and permit are arranged for at park headquarters.

Contents

Page

The Ruins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Spruce Tree House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Cliff Palace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Balcony House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Square Tower House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Oak Tree House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Sun Set House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Sun Temple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 New Fire-House Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Cedar Tree Tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Far View House, a Mesa Verde Pueblo . . . . . . . . . 21 Earth Lodge A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Unexcavated Ruins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Dates for Mesa Verde Ruins Established by Tree-Ring Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Discoveries of Recent Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Prehistoric Inhabitants of the Mesa Verde . . . . . . . . 28

Fauna and Flora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

How to Reach the Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 By Automobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 By Railroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Motor Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Educational Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Guided Trips to the Ruins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Campfire Talks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Park Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Reference Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Free Public Camp Grounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Horseback and Hiking Trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Hospital and Medical Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Accommodations and Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Grant photo._ COMPETENT RANGER NATURALISTS ACCOMPANY VISITORS TO THE RUINS]

MESA VERDE

_National Park_

SEASON FROM MAY 15 TO OCTOBER 15

The mesa verde, or green mesa, so-called because its juniper and pinon trees give it a verdant tone, is 15 miles long by 8 miles wide. Rising abruptly from the valley on the north side, its top slopes gradually southward to the high cliffs bordering the canyon of the Mancos River on the south. Into this valley open a number of large high-walled canyons through which occasionally, in times of heavy rain, raging torrents of water flow into the Mancos. In the shelter of the caves that have been eroded in the sides of these canyons are some of the best-preserved cliff dwellings in America, built many centuries ago by a tribe of peace-loving Indians who prized the security offered by the almost inaccessible caves. In order to preserve these cliff dwellings Mesa Verde National Park was created, but they are not the only attractions in the area. In the winter the park is closed to travel by deep snow, but in the early spring the blanket of snow is replaced by a mantle of flowers that change with the seasons, and to the story of the prehistoric inhabitants is added an absorbing story of nature that is peculiar to this mesa and canyon country.

"The Mesa Verde region", writes Arthur Chapman, "has many attractions besides its ruins. It is a land of weird beauty. The canyons which seam the mesa, all of which lead toward the distant Mancos River, are, in many cases, replicas of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. While the summer days are warm, the nights are cool, and the visitor should bring plenty of wraps besides the clothing and shoes necessary for the work of climbing around among the trails. It is a country for active footwork, just as it was in the days of the cliff dwellers themselves.

But when one has spent a few days among the cedars and pinon pines of the Mesa Verde, well named Green Table by the Spaniards of early days, he becomes an enthusiast and will be found among those who return again and again to this most unique of national parks to study its mysteries and its beauties from all angles."

The northern edge of the mesa terminates in a precipitous bluff, averaging 2,000 feet above the Montezuma Valley. The general slope of the surface is to the south, and as the main entrance highway meanders back and forth in heading each smaller canyon, many times skirting the very brink of the great northern fault line, tremendous expanses of diversified terrain are brought into view, first in Colorado and Utah, then in Arizona and New Mexico.

A new scenic road approximately 1 mile in length branches from the main highway at a point 10.2 miles beyond the entrance checking station and ascends to the crest of Park Point, the highest part of the Mesa Verde National Park, which attains an elevation of 8,572 feet above sea level.

From this majestic prominence the great Montezuma Valley, dotted with artificial lakes and fertile fields, appears as from an airplane, while to the north are seen the Rico Mountains and the Lone Cone of Colorado, and to the east, the La Plata Mountains. To the west the La Sals, the Blues, and Bears Ears, of Utah, dominate the horizon. Some of these landmarks are more than 115 miles distant. Southward numerous deep canyons, in which the more important cliff dwellings are found, subdivide the Mesa Verde into many long, narrow tonguelike mesas. The dark purplish canyon of the Mancos River is visible in the middle foreground, and beyond, above the jagged outline of the mesa to the south, the Navajo Reservation, surrounded by the deep-blue Carrizos of Arizona and the Lukachukai and Tunichas of New Mexico.

In the midst of this great mountain-enclosed, sandy plain, which, seen from the mesa, resembles a vast inland sea surrounded by dark, forbidding mountains, rises Ship Rock (45 miles distant), a great, jagged shaft of igneous rock, 1,860 feet high, which appears for all the world like a great "windjammer" under full sail. Toward evening the illusion is perfect.