Lost in the Meritocracy Part 1

Lost in the meritocracy.

the undereducation of an overachiever.

by Walter Kirn.

To the humane and dedicated educators who helped me find my way when I could barely see the path: Joyce Carol Oates, James Richardson, Seth Lerer, J. D. McClatchy Alvin Greenberg, and Neil Rudenstine. To Robert Vare and the Atlantic Atlantic for giving this book its start in their pages. And with grat.i.tude to my unstintingly tough-minded and charmingly forbearing editor, Gerry Howard, a true man of letters in the grand old manner. for giving this book its start in their pages. And with grat.i.tude to my unstintingly tough-minded and charmingly forbearing editor, Gerry Howard, a true man of letters in the grand old manner.

I tell myself it all seems like fun and will work out in the end. I expect I will be asked a question I can answer and then be handed a big prize. They're working on it.-JOHN ASHBERY, "THE ICE STORM"I see now that this has been a story of the West, after all-Tom and Gatsby Daisy and Jordan and I, were all Westerners, and perhaps we possessed some deficiency in common which made us subtly unadaptable to Eastern life.-F. SCOTT FITZGERALD, THE GREAT GATSBY.

ON THE BUS RIDE DOWN TO ST. PAUL TO TAKE THE TEST that will help determine who will get ahead in life, who will stay put, and who will fall behind, a few of my closest buddies seal their fates by opening pint bottles of cherry schnapps the moment we leave the high-school parking lot. My pals hide the liquor under their varsity jackets and monitor the driver's overhead mirror for opportune moments to duck their heads and swig. A girl sees what they're up to, mutters "Morons," and goes back to shading in the tiny ovals in her Scholastic Apt.i.tude Test review book. She dated one of the guys awhile back and seemed amused by his clowning for a time, but lately she's grown serious, ambitious; I've heard she's decided to practice law someday and prosecute companies that pollute the air. When she notices one of the bottles coming my way, she shoots me a look of horror. that will help determine who will get ahead in life, who will stay put, and who will fall behind, a few of my closest buddies seal their fates by opening pint bottles of cherry schnapps the moment we leave the high-school parking lot. My pals hide the liquor under their varsity jackets and monitor the driver's overhead mirror for opportune moments to duck their heads and swig. A girl sees what they're up to, mutters "Morons," and goes back to shading in the tiny ovals in her Scholastic Apt.i.tude Test review book. She dated one of the guys awhile back and seemed amused by his clowning for a time, but lately she's grown serious, ambitious; I've heard she's decided to practice law someday and prosecute companies that pollute the air. When she notices one of the bottles coming my way, she shoots me a look of horror.

"No thanks," I say.

My friends seem wounded by this-aren't we teammates? We play football and baseball together. We hang out. In our high-school cla.s.s there are only fifteen boys, and every summer before the bugs get bad a bunch of us pitch tents beside the river and cannonball from the cliffs into the current, sometimes splashing down in twos and threes. In the winters some of us work at the same ski hill, selling lift tickets and running chair-lifts, and during haying season we form crews to help out the guys who live on farms. We talk as though we'll be together forever, but I've always known better: someday we'll be ranked. We'll be screened and scored and separated. I've known this, it seems, since my first few years in grade school, not in this town, Taylors Falls, but in Marine, a few miles down the valley, when I raised my hand slightly faster than the other kids-and waved it around to make sure the teachers saw me.

A friend pushes the schnapps on me again just as I'm starting to panic about time. The test begins in an hour and a half but we're still twenty minutes from the interstate, stuck behind a lumbering Case tractor in the land of grain silos and barns where my family lives on a small farm that we cultivate, Amish style, with a team of horses, and where I spend my after-school hours splitting firewood, setting fence posts, filling stock tanks, and collecting eggs. It's been my home for several years now, but it's also a stage set, a fantasy, and one that I've never found convincing. My father isn't a farmer, he's a patent lawyer, and our family's excursion into vintage agriculture (like our conversion to Mormonism, which preceded it) is just one more phase in his campaign against convention and conformity that began twelve years ago, when he joined the 3M Corporation in St. Paul and sacrificed, as he saw it, his sacred freedom to the dictates of the herd. He's been rebelling ever since, pursuing a rugged individualism that has involved, at different times, bow hunting, mountain climbing, weight lifting, and now, in his greatest caprice to date, nineteenth-century subsistence living. But those days are almost over, at least for me. I gaze out the bus window at the countryside and wonder what could have drawn my father here other than an instinct for self-punishment. Junk cars up on cinder blocks in scrubby fields, mangled deer on the shoulders of dirt roads, lonely old folks sitting on sagging porches breathing from portable tanks of oxygen. I see myself living in New York someday, in an art-filled apartment with views of vaulting bridges, not mired in this place of wistful rot.

"I already said I don't want any," I say. The guy now holding out the schnapps is named Rolf, a hulking colossus of pale Norwegian gristle who plays center on the Bluejays, our losing football team.

"Afraid you'll catch my germs?" he cracks.

"Everybody who drinks from the school water fountain already has your germs."

"Right. Like you're some perfect Mr. Clean."

"At least I shake off before I zip back up."

Rolf flips me the bird. There's black crud under his fingernails. He works part-time for his uncle's excavation company, and once he learns to run a diesel backhoe he'll have job security for life. Instead of wasting my energy sparring with him, I should be concentrating on the review book like the red-haired boy across from me, the only other A student on the bus. He's a hard kid to get to know, a social ghost, forbidden by his family's harsh religion from singing holiday-related songs and forced by its stringent dietary teachings to live on sack lunches of carrots and slivered almonds. Sometimes I fear he's brighter than I am; he's certainly more studious. He works with his head down, calm and dogged, while I rely on gimmicky maneuvers such as rephrasing teachers' simple questions ("How does racial prejudice contribute to inner-city hopelessness?") into complicated riddles ("Is our conception of 'inner-city hopelessness' perhaps in itself itself a form of prejudice?") designed to provoke cla.s.s discussions that I can dominate with my amped-up flash-card-based vocabulary. Do my ploys show intelligence or desperation? Both, I suspect. In me the traits seem fused. a form of prejudice?") designed to provoke cla.s.s discussions that I can dominate with my amped-up flash-card-based vocabulary. Do my ploys show intelligence or desperation? Both, I suspect. In me the traits seem fused.

I watch the bottle being pa.s.sed and I make my final plea.

"Stop it, you guys. Today is a big deal for us."

But they know this already-they just don't like the fact. The SAT isn't a reckoning they asked for. The exam was devised by strangers on the East Coast, a part of the country we a.s.sociate with stockbrokers, mobsters, and fashion models. The sample questions in the review books (ART : CUBISM :: (A) scenery : play; (B) setting : ring; (C) mustache : face; (D) poem : epic) resemble none we've ever faced. Taylors Falls Public High School is a dump. Grades K through twelve are stuffed into one squat building surrounded by crabgra.s.s ball fields full of gopher holes, and some of our teachers do little but coach sports. They wear their whistles and ball caps at their desks, paging through magazines while we, their students, pa.s.s the cla.s.s hours scribbling in photocopied "workbooks" whose fuzzy type and off-key phrasings ("Among the proud peoples of the Orient ...") suggest that they haven't been updated for decades.

The St. Paul skyline stands up in the windshield as one of my cla.s.smates flings back a shot of schnapps and licks his sticky lips. "Nice little head rush. Try it, Walt. Come on." He holds the bottle by its neck and swings it in front of me like a hypnotist's pocket watch. "Getting thirsty. Getting very thirsty ..." The numbskulls around him pretend they're going under, drooping their heads and fluttering their eyelids.

"A sip," someone says. "Just one," says someone else.

I shake my head. "I'm sorry. No."

And so I go on to college, and they don't.

Percentile is destiny in America.

Four years after that bus ride to the testing center, I'm slumped on a shabby sofa in the library of a Princeton University eating club, waiting to feel the effects of two black capsules that someone said would help me finish writing my overdue application for a Rhodes Scholarship. I'm chain-smoking, too, and I have been for an hour-Marlboro Lights with their filters twisted off, whose b.u.t.ts I drop into a can of Dr Pepper spiked with Smirnoff vodka. I'm seven pounds lighter than I was in high school but not as trim and perhaps not quite as tall, my center of gravity having sunk closer to chair level. I need gla.s.ses, too. I doubt that the cause is too much reading, though; thanks to my flair for academic shortcuts and an impression I've gained from certain professors that the Great Books are not as great as advertised (and may indeed be pernicious instruments of social manipulation and oppression), I've done much less reading here than I expected. No, I blame my dimming vision, as I do my sagging physique and my reliance on chemical pick-me-ups, on a gradual neurological withdrawal from a place that no longer seemed to want me once it decided, by some fluke, to have me.

"You sure you took both of them?" my close friend Adam asks. What's making him wonder is the blank legal pad resting on my lap. I should be writing furiously by now, but instead I'm compulsively clicking my ballpoint pen and nibbling a cold blister on my lower lip.

"Maybe the pills were counterfeit," I say.

"You haven't absorbed them. Your stomach's full from dinner."

"I missed dinner. All I ate was tapioca."

"Tapioca would do it," Adam says.

I trust his theory; he knows his physiology. A Jewish science whiz from the New York suburbs, he ate magic mushrooms one evening, had a vision (matter is not composed of atoms but infinitesimal knots of thought), and switched the next day from premed to English literature. He ought to be reading James Joyce's Dubliners Dubliners, which he'll be tested on this week, but instead he's conducting an experiment: grinding up Percocet tablets in a soup bowl and trying to smoke the powder through a water pipe. He flicks the wheel of his lighter with a thumb and steadies the flame above the pipe's bronze bowl. When the powder liquifies, browns, and starts to bubble, he sucks up the vapors with a mighty gasp that causes me to hold my breath in sympathy.

I have other comrades in estrangement, way out here on the bell curve's leading edge, where our talent for multiple-choice tests has landed us without even the vaguest survival instructions. Our club isn't one of the rich, exclusive outfits, where the pedigreed children of the Establishment eat chocolate-dipped strawberries off silver trays delivered by black waiters in starched white uniforms, but one that anyone can join, where screwb.a.l.l.s and misfits line up with plastic trays for veggie burgers and canned fruit salad. At the moment the club is floundering financially and has fewer than twenty paid-up members, including two religious fanatics who came to Princeton as normal young men, I'm told, but failed for some reason to mix and grew eccentric. Not many months from now, one will interpret a Bible pa.s.sage too literally and try to pluck out his left eye in penance for some failing he won't disclose. The other will style himself a campus prophet and try to persuade a dozen "disciples"-most of them urban black kids, here on aid-to renounce their degrees just prior to graduation as a way to appease a wrathful G.o.d bent on smiting the campus with holy fire. I get along with this junior Jeremiah thanks to my experience with Mormonism, which accustomed me to apocalyptic small talk.

"Why will the Lord strike Princeton first?" I ask him. "Why not the White House, say, or New York City?"

"I'm only the messenger. I don't ask questions."

"What about Yale and Harvard?"

"They're no concern of mine."

"This came to you how, this warning? In a dream?"

"I was trying to solve a set-theory equation when suddenly I started writing in Hebrew."

Others in the club are less expressive. They keep to themselves, tight-lipped and self-contained. One kid, a token North Dakotan (Princeton likes to boast that it has students from all fifty states), wears the same greaser haircut he brought from Bismarck and has poured all his energy for years into fronting a lackadaisical rock band specializing in heavy-metal anthems that were popular in my town, too, but which the smart set has taught me to disdain in favor of morbid British art-pop by groups such as Public Image and Joy Division. The North Dakota kid never changed his tastes, though, and part of me envies his stubbornness. Joy Division, to my ears, isn't music. It's more like the noise in a coma victim's brain.

A few of my club mates scare me. I avoid them. One, a reputed physics prodigy, is catatonic from LSD, which he takes by placing the tabs on his bare eyeb.a.l.l.s. On weekends he engages in pinball marathons that sometimes last ten hours. Strike a match an inch from his face and he won't flinch-his pupils won't even contract. Then there's the girl in the neck brace whom we call Anna, after the heroine of Tolstoy's novel. A comp-lit student, pale and heavyset, she told Adam one night at dinner that they were destined to be married. She said he reminded her of Vronsky, the dashing army officer who, in the novel, captures Anna's heart but eventually wanes in his devotion, leading to her suicide. When Adam asked the girl to go away, she flung herself off a third-floor metal railing in the atrium of his dormitory. She survived, by some miracle, and ever since Adam has been her guilty slave, b.u.t.tering her toast at breakfast, keeping her coffee cup topped up, and reading out loud to her from Dostoyevsky, her new favorite writer, which may spell doom for both of them.

"Feeling the buzz yet?" he asks me.

I shake my head.

"So what are the two best stories in Dubliners?" Dubliners?"

"The last one, supposedly, 'The Dead,' which ends with an image of falling snow that's meant to symbolize mortality, and 'Araby,' the one about a boy who sneaks out to a carnival, spends all his money, and then slinks home to bed, totally overcome by shame."

"Shame about what?"

"Just shame. It's irreducible."

"You actually read that somewhere or you just thought it? I don't want to get shot down on this."

"You won't be. 'Irreducible' is foolproof."

If my buddies from Minnesota could see me now, they wouldn't have a clue whom they were seeing, and I wouldn't be able to help them. Four years ago my SAT scores launched a new phase in a trajectory that I'd been riding since age five. One morning I opened a test sheet filled with questions concerning synonyms and antonyms and the meeting times of trucks in opposite lanes, and the next thing I knew I was showered with fawning letters from half the colleges in the country. Macalester College, in St. Paul, made me a singularly tempting offer: immediate admission as a freshman. I didn't even have to finish high school. I accepted their invitation, but my plan was not to stay. In imitation of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Minnesota's most famous writer and the author of The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby, the only serious work of literature that I managed to finish as a teenager, I wanted to go East. I wanted to ride the train to the last station. A natural-born child of the meritocracy, I'd been ama.s.sing momentum my whole life, entering spelling bees, vying for forensics medals, running my mouth in mock United Nations, and I knew only one direction: forward. I lived for prizes, plaques, citations, stars, and I gave no thought to any goal beyond my next appearance on the honor roll. Learning was secondary, promotion was primary. No one ever told me what the point was, except to keep on acc.u.mulating points, and this struck me as sufficient. What else was there?

Before I'd been at Macalester a month, I applied to transfer to Princeton as a soph.o.m.ore. It's here I should note that my father went there, too, although he never encouraged me to follow him or showed much interest in my college plans generally. A middle-cla.s.s son of Akron, Ohio, possessed of a girder-like physique and a l.u.s.t for brutal contact sports, he'd been recruited to play football by Princeton, Harvard, Yale, and a number of other inst.i.tutions, many of them based in the Midwest and which he was unaware held less prestige until a friend of his family clued him in about the mythos of the Ivy League-a designation my father understood as mostly athletic-related, like the Big Ten. He chose Princeton over the other schools because his father was jobless at the time and the university's recruiter offered not only to cover his tuition but also to excuse him from the work requirement that was standard with scholarship recipients. As for the four years that followed, he rarely spoke of them, except to mention he'd drunk a lot of beer, majored in chemistry, and felt out of place at first as a public-school kid. That was the sum of it. No nostalgic stories, no romantic reminiscences. He'd made a few friends at Princeton but rarely saw them, keeping in touch through occasional phone calls, and when mail came that bore the Princeton logo, it usually wound up, unopened, in the trash.

Applying to Princeton was my idea alone. It came to me on a bike ride down Summit Avenue, just a few blocks from the Macalester campus, when I used a map from a professor to locate F. Scott Fitzgerald's boyhood home. It wasn't the mansion I'd expected. In fact, it looked like a house I might have lived in had my father not quarantined us on the farm. A few days later I got my nerve up and phoned the Princeton admissions office, from which I learned that the university took only twenty transfer students a year. This was a discouraging statistic, but I was used to being the exception: it was the only condition I'd ever known.

To bolster my application, I looked around Macalester for a contest, any contest, that I might place first in, hitting at last on a poetry compet.i.tion that seemed to be attracting few entries. I'd never written poetry before, but I knew something of how serious poems should look (ragged, chaotic, with uneven lines) thanks to a paperback volume of "free verse" loaned to me by a pothead high-school English teacher who'd once had ambitions as a writer but gave them up when he got his girlfriend pregnant.

Here is what I wrote: From an Uncolored Room Morning is a confrontation with the visible and the bold verdicts of utility.

The toothpaste tube on the sink like a beached fish, the face in the toilet water.At breakfast I depress the toast, but turn away, determined not to notice the hot bread swaying briefly in its slots between the red wires.It rains, and I am reminded I have lost all respect for the weather, which allows itself to be predicted and visits the city purely out of habit but changes nothingfor men who can throw off G.o.ds and loved ones like cats from their laps.When my brother left on Tuesday I pushed the beds together.

I sleep on the crack.

When I won the contest, I wasn't surprised. Hunger, I'd learned, could be a form of genius.

Nor was I surprised a few months later when I found myself sitting in a Princeton lecture hall that was older than my hometown, writing down a new word: "post-structuralism." I couldn't define the term-no one could, it seemed, including much of the English Department faculty-but I knew more or less what it meant: I'd broken through. The student beside me bore a famous last name that I recognized from a history textbook (not Rockefeller, but close), and discovering that the name was still in use among living individuals-people whom I was expected to befriend now and make a life and career among, if possible-renewed in me a sense of dislocation that I'd been struggling with since I entered school.

Three years later, high on speed and applying for the Rhodes, I'm feeling more disoriented than ever. Late last winter, about eight months ago, I simply ran out of thoughts. I ran out of the stuff that thoughts are made of. I became mute, aphasic. I couldn't write. I couldn't process human speech. A doctor I saw p.r.o.nounced me deeply malnourished and prescribed a regimen of vitamins, but my depletion was spiritual, I sensed, and also-it seemed possible-permanent. I'd been fleeing upward since age five, learning just enough at every level to make it, barely, to the next one. I was the system's pure product, sly and flexible, not so much educated as wised up, but suddenly I hit a wall.

Adam pa.s.ses me the water pipe, its bowl freshly packed with pulverized narcotics. He clicks the lighter. "It's not like you'll see the face of G.o.d," he says, "but it does sort of turn your legs all warm and rubbery."

I fill my lungs and flash back to that bus ride, to the beckoning bottles of cherry schnapps. Back then I knew where I was going, and that to get there I'd have to keep my head clear. But now I'm here, I've arrived, I've topped the hill, and my head doesn't function the way it used to. All thanks to an education and a test that measured and rewarded ... what, exactly? Nothing important, I've discovered. Nothing sustaining. Just "apt.i.tude."

That's why we're all here: we all showed apt.i.tude. Apt.i.tude for showing apt.i.tude, mainly. That's what they wanted, so that's what we delivered. A talent for some things, a knack for many things, and a genius for one thing: running up the count.

n.o.body told us it wouldn't be enough.

ACCORDING TO A PSYCHIATRIST I SAW DURING A LOW spell in my early thirties, a person's education, his formal schooling, does little to shape his fate or personality compared to the deeper, more mysterious process of his spell in my early thirties, a person's education, his formal schooling, does little to shape his fate or personality compared to the deeper, more mysterious process of his development development. It's not what we're taught that determines who we become, it's what we experience, he said, particularly in our earliest childhoods, before conscious learning is even possible, when the self is a welter of appet.i.te and instinct and the world that surrounds it a sort of fog out of which vivid, mythic figures emerge, sometimes offering sustenance and comfort, sometimes delivering shocks and traumas. The problem is that these events are largely lost to us, unlike the behaviors that they sp.a.w.n, but he a.s.sured me that, through skillful therapy and honest self-examination, people can overcome, to some degree, the legacies of their buried pasts.

I agreed to give his theory a try. I spilled all my secrets, recounted all my dreams, and dredged up all my shames. We talked masturbation, sibling rivalry, incest fantasies, s.e.xual rejections, the death of a beloved childhood dog, the effects of a deep depression my father suffered during my early teens that was marked by frequent threats of suicide, my history with drugs and alcohol, and a hundred other disturbing subjects that I should have felt relieved to finally air. And yet we got nowhere. Nothing changed. I still couldn't sleep, keep a girlfriend, curb my drinking, or pay my bills on time. But none of that was what bothered me, finally. What bothered me was that I'd spent the last ten months playing to my doctor's theories on developmental psychology rather than telling him what I believed to be the simple truth about myself: that I was precisely the person I'd been trained to be, and that the essence of my training was to confuse the approval of my trainers-of whom he was just the latest-with my own happiness.

"It sounds like you plan to quit therapy."

I nodded.

"A final observation?"

"Sure."

"Your feelings about authority figures remind me of your descriptions of your father. You fear their power but also envy it. You tend to ingratiate them initially, but then you despise yourself for it and reject them, which is, in fact, a rejection of yourself."

"I'll think about that. Thanks." I checked my watch. Eight more minutes of this and I'd be free.

"One more thing," my doctor said. "A guess. You idolized someone once. You had a hero. You saw in him an almost G.o.dlike wisdom, a sort of benevolent omniscience. But then he abandoned you-or you felt he did. Is that correct? Are we getting somewhere finally?"

I looked down at the floor, and then over at a wall-everywhere but at my doctor's face. Only moments ago I'd dismissed him as a quack, but I'd misjudged him. I'd misjudged him badly. The man was a seer, a magician.

"Yes," I whispered.

"Describe him. Take your time."

Rear Admiral Robert Knox, Retired-Uncle Admiral, as I learned to call him-was my first teacher and my first love. I met him when I was four years old, in Fairfax, Virginia, near Washington, D.C., where my family was living in a small apartment building occupied mostly by people just out of college who were busy trying to get a start in life and by people on pensions who were just as busy keeping an eye on the younger people's children, who ran around in the gra.s.sy courtyard, unsupervised, throwing rocks and battling with sticks. I was one of the neglected runts. My father was studying patent law at night, clerking in a court during the day, and my mother was working part-time as a nurse and caring for my new baby brother, Andy. If I fell and skinned my knee, there was often no one to go crying to, but one day, after a scuffle with a bully that left me with a b.l.o.o.d.y nose, an old man who was reading in a lawn chair called me over, produced a handkerchief, twisted it into a point, and gently inserted it in my ruptured nostril.

When the bleeding stopped we went into his apartment, which was two doors down from ours, and he dabbed my face clean with a washcloth. Then he made us tea with milk and sugar, which he served with slices of Sara Lee pound cake. His movements were precise, efficient, tight, as though he was used to working in close quarters, and in no way did he evoke the fearsome strangers that my parents had warned me to beware of. Indeed, he'd met my parents, he informed me, and he felt that it might ease their hectic lives if I were to let him watch me on occasion. He'd ask them about it. If they agreed, I should come over tomorrow morning at eight and we'd have our first "lesson."

"In what?"

"All sorts of things. I'll be in my study upstairs. Come right on up."

And so it began, my two-year private tutorial under a world-traveling old Scotsman who treated me not as a child but as a first mate. The vessel he'd helmed was named the Pathfinder Pathfinder. It belonged not to the U.S. Navy but to the Coast and Geodetic Survey, a little-known branch of the Treasury Department whose mission traced back to the time of President Jefferson, an era of far-flung cartographic quests. What Lewis and Clark were sent off to discover about the American continent's western wilderness, the corps of seagoing explorers that became the C&GS was tasked with learning about the coasts. Uncle Admiral's part in this endeavor ran from the twenties to the fifties and focused on the supremely crooked sh.o.r.elines of Alaska and the Northwest.

"Name the chain," he asked me in his study, touching an index finger to his big globe.

"The Aleutians."

"That's correct. And from whom did we buy them? Which great nation?"

"Russia?"

He nodded, biting the woody stem of his dime-store corncob pipe. My pipe, identical, lay on his desk next to the mugs of milky chicory coffee he prepared for us each weekday morning at precisely eight hundred hours. Later, at twelve hundred hours on the dot, he'd whip up two bologna and mustard sandwiches. Then, exactly three hours later, he'd bring out the tea and pound cake. He lived as he had on shipboard in the Pacific: briskly, austerely, and by the clock. I found his routines rea.s.suring and relaxing. At my parents' place, meals were served irregularly, squeezed in between other ch.o.r.es and obligations, and were frequently broken up by phone calls, but at Uncle Admiral's apartment routines ran smoothly, time never wobbled, and each bite was chewed and swallowed.

"Whose idea was the purchase of Alaska-a decision for which he was widely, harshly mocked?"

I didn't remember. I scanned the study for clues. A wooden slide rule resting on an atlas. A polished bra.s.s s.e.xtant in a felt-lined case. Shelf upon shelf of leather-bound photo alb.u.ms doc.u.menting Uncle Admiral's meetings with everyone from a band of Inuit fishermen to the Queen of England. He stood the same way no matter who stood beside him, his arms at his sides and his shoulders squared, chin out. His uniform was an extraneous formality. His rect.i.tude was intrinsic, skeletal.

"Secretary Seward," he said at last, sounding as if he'd known the fellow personally. For all I knew he might have. Cortes, Napoleon, and Edison, too. I was a bright child at four, and because of my daily drillings by my master (who'd served as an army sergeant in World War I) a prodigiously well-informed one who knew that nautical miles were longer than land miles, that the moon tugged the oceans across their floors. I could also read a little and use an abacus. What confused me, however, was Time and Mankind's place in it. How long had we dwelt on this planet? No idea. When had the monkey walking on all fours hauled itself upright and begun to speak? All I knew was that I'd just arrived here and that Uncle Admiral had preceded me, possibly by centuries. How long were centuries?

"Mankind" was a term my tutor used a lot, p.r.o.nounced in the same familiar tone he brought to "Secretary Seward." The word marked him, I realized many years later while riding the train back to Princeton from D.C. after sharing with him what I knew would be our last-ever pot of chicory coffee, as a type I was being taught to view suspiciously: a patriarch. A patriarch first cla.s.s. Soldier, sailor, surveyor, scholar, Scot. Guilty, guilty, guilty, guilty, guilty, guilty. At four, however, long before my fall into the bitter sophistication which allows us to disdain the figures who make our doubting-our very thinking-possible, I regarded Uncle Admiral as a chieftain and Mankind as the family we both belonged to. Mankind was all of us, everywhere and always, highest to lowest, first to last.

"This is a totem pole," he said, smoothing the page of a loose-leaf photo alb.u.m. "I came across it in a Tlingit village while we were charting the waters around Sitka. The figures carved into it tell a tale in code. See the big bird on top? That's their raven G.o.d."

"Does it have powers?"

"They believe it does."

"But does does it?" it?"

"It may. For an Indian," he said.

I pressed him. "Only for an Indian?"