Kinship Organisations and Group Marriage in Australia Part 7

_Phratry_

12. Darboo* Bloomfield River[91]

Tooar

*The equivalence is unknown.

_Phratry names._ _Four-cla.s.s system_ _Meaning_ 20. Dilbi Kupathin Ia, III 21. Budthurung(1) Mukula Ib (1)=black duck 22. Gwaigullean Gwaimudthen Ie Light blood; dark blood 23. Ngielb.u.murra Muk.u.murra Ic 24. Ngumbun Ngurrawan Id 25. Girana Merugulli If 26. Deeajee Karpeun IIIb 27. Witteru Yungaru IVa, b; Vb (? Kangaroo; ? emu) 27_a_. " Yungo Vf 28. " Mallera Va, IXa 29. " Pakoota Ve, IXb 30. Naka Tunna Vc 31. Walar Murla* VIIa Bee; bee 32. Cheepa Junna Vd 33. Jamagunda Gamanutta* XIa 34. Wartungmat Munichmat* XIVa Crow; white c.o.c.katoo

_Eight-cla.s.s system_ 40. Illitchi Liaritchi XIIa 41. Uluuru Biingaru XIIc (? Curlew) 42. " Kingilli XIIb (? Curlew) 43. Wiliuku Liaraku XIId 44. Urku Ua Xa

FOOTNOTES:

[70] Howitt, p. 126.

[71] _Id._ p. 101.

[72] _Id._ p. 102, Lang, _Secret_, p. 163.

[73] Curr, II, 165.

[74] _J.A.I._ XIII, 338; Howitt, p. 195.

[75] _J.A.I._ XIV, 349.

[76] Taplin, p. 17; Howitt, p. 100.

[77] _J.A.I._ XIV, 348; Curr, II, 188, 195.

[78] Howitt, p. 98.

[79] _Id._ p. 106 n. For the Kurnai, Bunjil and Ngarregal were perhaps phratry names (Howitt, p. 135).

[80] Curr, III, 461; Howitt, p. 123.

[81] _Id._ p. 121.

[82] _Id._ p. 124.

[83] Howitt, p. 91.

[84] Woods, p. 222.

[85] Howitt, p. 187.

[86] _Nor. Tr._ p. 60.

[87] Howitt, p. 97.

[88] Howitt, p. 92; Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._ x.x.xIII, 108.

[89] Mathews in _Proc. Am. Phil. Soc._ x.x.xIX, 187.

[90] _Sci. Man_, I. 84; Mathews in _Proc. Am. Phil. Soc._ x.x.xIX, 89; in _J.R.S.N.S.W._ he reports a third name in certain districts--Koorameenya.

[91] Mathews in _Proc. Am. Phil. Soc._ x.x.xIX, 89.

TABLE III.

Allusion has been made in Chapter III to kinship organisations denominated "bloods" and "shades" by Mr R.H. Mathews. Whether it is that some observers have mistaken these for phratries or _vice versa_, it seems that the names of the two cla.s.ses of organisation are at present inextricably intermingled, as the following table shows:

_Tribe_ _Phratry_ _Blood_ _Meaning_ Itchmundi[92] Kilpara-Muquara {Mukulo-Ngielpuru Sluggish and " {Muggula-Ngipuru swift blood Wiradjeri[93] Mukula-Budthurung Wonghibon[94] Muk.u.mura-Ngiel- b.u.mura Wonghi- }[95]

bon and } Ngumbun- Gwaigullimba- Swift and sluggish Ngneumba} Ngurrawan Gwaimudhan blood

Euahlayi[96] Gwaigullean- Light and dark Gwaimudthen blooded

Murawari[97] Girrana-Merugulli Muggulu-b.u.mbirra-- --Sluggish and swift blood

FOOTNOTES:

[92] Howitt, p. 106 n.; Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._ x.x.xIX, 118.

[93] _Id._ p. 107.

[94] _Id._ p. 108.

TABLE IV.

The areas covered by the different cla.s.s and phratry names are not co-extensive, that is to say a cla.s.s is a.s.sociated with more than one phratry and _vice versa_. The Undekerebina[98] and Yelyuyendi[99] have phratries (No. 29) which are usually a.s.sociated with cla.s.ses but in their case none have been noted. On the other hand it is not uncommon to find cla.s.ses without the corresponding phratry names; this is the case in the eight cla.s.s area, among the tribes of N.S. Wales, S. Queensland, etc.; but no special significance attaches to it unless we are certain that it is not the negligence of the observer nor the disuse of the names which has produced this state of things. On the other hand the relation of phratry and cla.s.s areas is of the highest importance, as is shown in Chapter V. The following table shows the anomalies:

_Tribe_ _Phratry_ _Cla.s.s_ Wiradjeri 21 I Euahlayi 22 I Ngeumba, Wonghi 23, or 24 I Murawari 25 I Kiabara, etc. 20 III Dippil 26 III Kuinmurbura, Kongulu 27 IV Yuipera, Badieri, Yambeena, etc. 27 V Kogai, Wakelbura, etc. 28 V Woonamura, Mittakoodi, Miorli, etc. 29 V Purgoma 30 V Jouon 32 V Miappe 29 VIII Kalkadoon 28 VIII

FOOTNOTES:

[95] Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._ x.x.xix, 116. _Eth. Notes_, p. 5.

[96] Mrs Langloh Parker, _Euahlayi Tribe_, p. 11.

[97] Mathews in _Proc. R.G.S. Qu._, 1905, 52.

[98] Rota, p. 56.

[99] Howitt, p. 192.

CHAPTER V.