Introduction to the History of Religions Part 64

[1505] 1 Cor. ix, 9 f.; x, 1-4; Gal. iv, 24 ff.; Heb. vii, 2; Origen, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and commentators generally up to the sixteenth century and later.

[1506] _Origine de tous les cultes ou religion universelle_ (1794).

[1507] _Science of Language_, 2d series; cf. his Hibbert and Gifford lectures.

[1508] It is elaborated in G. W. c.o.x's _Mythology of the Aryan Nations_.

[1509] Op. cit. -- 864. Cf. article "Panbabylonianism" in _Harvard Theological Review_ for January, 1910.

[1510] _Astralmythen der Hebraer, Babylonier und Aegypter_ (1896-1907).

[1511] So in folk-tales the same motif appears in a hundred different settings; but this is not necessarily a sign of borrowing.

[1512] Op. cit., p. 190.

[1513] See above, -- 826, note.

[1514] No well-defined Arabian myths are known.

[1515] Most of the Old Testament mythical material has been worked over by Hebrew monotheistic editors.

[1516] P. Jensen, _Das Gilgamesch Epos in der Weltliteratur_.

[1517] Cf. article "Panbabylonianism" cited in -- 866, note.

[1518] As, for example, those of New Zealand, Babylonia, and Greece.

[1519] Cf. Keightley, _Fairy Mythology_, 2d ed., p. 14 f.

[1520] Bacon, _Wisdom of the Ancients_; in Biblical exposition many recent writers.

[1521] See above, -- 864 ff.; cf. Jastrow, _Study of Religion_, p. 28 ff.

[1522] _Symbolik und Mythologie der alten Volker_ (1810-1812).

[1523] _Antisymbolik_ (1824-1826).

[1524] b.u.t.tmann, Welcker, Lobeck, and others.

[1525] _Prolegomena zu einer wissenschaftlichen Mythologie_ (1825).

[1526] See above, -- 865.

[1527] See above, -- 359. Cf. Grant Allen, _The Evolution of the Idea of G.o.d_.

[1528] Darwin and Spencer (evolution), Bastian (ethnology), and others.

[1529] In his _Early History of Mankind_ and _Primitive Culture_. Cf. C. de Brosses (_Du culte des dieux fetiches_, 1760), who expressed a similar view.

[1530] A. Lang, _Custom and Myth_ and _Myth, Ritual, and Religion_, and other works; Frazer, _Golden Bough_, 2d and 3d edd.; W. R. Smith, _Religion of the Semites_; and others.

[1531] Mannhardt, _Wald- und Feldkulte_ and _Mythologische Forschungen_.

[1532] See the bibliography at the end of this book.

[1533] Beginnings for such a survey have been made in the Teutonic, American, and some other areas.

[1534] Confucianism, if it can be called a religion, is an exception.

[1535] See the bibliographies in Johnson's _Universal Cyclopaedia_, article "Fairy-lore," and _La Grande Encyclopedie_, article "Fee"; Maury, _Croyances et legendes du moyen age_, new ed.; Hartland, _The Science of Fairy-tales_.

[1536] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, Index, s.v. _Magic_; Frazer, _Golden Bough_, 2d ed., Index, do.; id., _Early History of the Kingship_, Index, do.; Hobhouse, _Morals in Evolution_, Index, do.; Westermarck, _Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas_, Index, do.; S. Reinach, _Orpheus_, Index, do.; Hubert and Mauss, in _Annee sociologique_, vii; Marett, _Threshold of Religion_; articles "Magie" in _La Grande Encyclopedie_ and "Magic" in _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, 11th ed.; article "Magia" in Daremberg and Saglio, _Dictionnaire des antiquites grecques et romaines_.

[1537] Examples are cited in the works mentioned above.

[1538] On the view that many quasi-magical acts are spontaneous reactions of the man to his environment see I.

King, _Development of Religion_, chap. vii. According to this view the thought suggests the act. The warrior, thinking of his enemy, instinctively makes the motion of hurling something at him (as a modern man shakes his fist at an absent foe), and such an act, a part of the excitation to combat, is believed to be efficacious.

[1539] Westermarck, _Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas_, s.v. _The Evil Eye_.

[1540] On mana see above, -- 231 ff. Though the theory of mana was necessarily vague, the thing itself was quite definite.

[1541] Jastrow, _Religion of Babylonia and a.s.syria_, p. 85.

[1542] _Isis and Osiris_, 73.

[1543] Frazer, _Golden Bough_, 2d ed., i, 154 ff.

[1544] -- 6 f.

[1545] Cf. Lord Avebury, _Marriage, Totemism, and Religion_, p. 135.

[1546] Alexander, _Short History of the Hawaiian People_.

[1547] Jastrow, _Religion of Babylonia and a.s.syria_, p. 263.

[1548] Matthews, _Navaho Legends_, p. 36.

[1549] Cf. W. R. Smith, _Religion of the Semites_, lecture iii.

[1550] Teit, _Thompson River Indians_, p. 53 f.

[1551] 1 Cor. x, 20 f.

[1552] Certain ceremonies of the higher religions produce effects that must be regarded as magical.

[1553] Lubbock, _Origin of Civilization_, p. 188. Similar logic appears in the story of the origin of Goodwin Sands, told by Bishop Latimer (in a sermon preached before Edward VI). An old man, being asked what he thought was the cause of the Sands, replied that he had lived near there, man and boy, fourscore years, and before the neighboring steeple was built there was no Sands, and therefore his opinion was that the steeple was the cause of the Sands.