How the Flag Became Old Glory Part 1

How the Flag Became Old Glory.

by Emma Look Scott.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

THE author acknowledges her indebtedness to the following authors and publishers for their courtesy in allowing the use of copyright material: to Mr. Wallace Rice for "Wheeler's Brigade at Santiago"; to Mr. Charles Francis Adams for "Pine and Palm"; to Mr. Will Allen Dromgoole for "Soldiers"; to Mr. John Howard Jewett for a selection from "Rebel Flags"; to Mr. John Trotwood Moore for "Old Glory at Shiloh"; to Mr.

Henry Holcomb Bennett for "The Flag Goes By"; to Mr. Clinton Scollard for "On the Eve of Bunker Hill"; to P. J. Kenedy and Sons for "The Conquered Banner" by Rev. Abram Joseph Ryan; to David MacKay for "Death of Grant" by Walt Whitman; to J. B. Lippincott Company for "The Cruise of the Monitor" by George H. Boker; to B. F. Johnson Publishing Company, publishers of Timrod's Memorial Volume, for "Charleston" by Henry Timrod; to the Century Company for "Farragut" by William Tuckey Meredith; to Mr. Harry L. Flash and the Neale Publishing Company for "Stonewall Jackson" by Henry Lynden Flash; to Mr. Will Henry Thompson and G. P. Putnam's Sons for "The High Tide at Gettysburg"; to Mr. Isaac R. Sherwood and G. P. Putnam's Sons for "Albert Sidney Johnston" by Kate Brownlee Sherwood; to Mrs. Benjamin Sledd and G. P. Putnam's Sons for "United" by Benjamin Sledd. An extract from "Home Folks" by James Whitcomb Riley, copyright, 1900, is used by permission of the publishers, The Bobbs-Merrill Company. The poems, "Lexington" by Oliver Wendell Holmes, "The Building of the Ship" and "The c.u.mberland" by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, "Yorktown" by John Greenleaf Whittier, "Fredericksburg" by Thomas Bailey Aldrich, "Kearny at Seven Pines" by E.

C. Stedman, and "Robert E. Lee" by Julia Ward Howe are printed by permission of Houghton Mifflin Company.

HOW THE FLAG BECAME OLD GLORY

THE FLAG GOES BY

HATS off!

Along the street there comes A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums, A flash of color beneath the sky; Hats off!

The flag is pa.s.sing by!

Blue and crimson and white it shines, Over the steel-tipped ordered lines, Hats off!

The colors before us fly!

But more than the flag is pa.s.sing by.

Sea-fights and land-fights, grim and great, Fought to make and to save the State.

Weary marches and sinking ships; Cheers of victory on dying lips.

Days of plenty and years of peace; March of a strong land's swift increase; Equal justice, right and law, Stately honor and reverent awe;

Sign of a Nation, great and strong To ward her people from foreign wrong: Pride and glory and honor--all Live in the colors to stand or fall.

Hats off!

Along the street there comes A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums, And loyal hearts are beating high: Hats off!

The flag is pa.s.sing by!

HENRY HOLCOMB BENNETT.

OLD GLORY

WHILE every American citizen recognizes the significance of the term "Old Glory" as applied to the national flag, when and where and by whom the nation's emblem was christened with this endearing and enduring sobriquet is a matter of historic interest less understood.

In the early epoch-making period of the nation's history William Driver, a lad of twelve years, native of Salem, Ma.s.s., begged of his mother permission to go to sea. With her consent he shipped as cabin boy on the sailing vessel _China_, bound for Leghorn, a voyage of eighteen months.

On this first voyage the courageous spirit of the youth manifested itself in a determination to disprove the words of the ship's owner, made to him at the beginning of the voyage: "All boys on their first voyage eat more than they earn."

In appreciation of the mettle shown by the lad, the owner presented him, upon the return from the cruise, with twenty-eight dollars in silver, besides his wages of five dollars per month. He carried the money to his mother, who wisely admonished him to do the very best he could under every circ.u.mstance, a charge he never forgot.

His intrepid spirit brought the youthful mariner rapid and deserved promotion. His eighteenth year found him master of a vessel. Those were hazardous days upon the sea, and more than once his ship was subjected to indignity and outrage incident to seafaring of that period. But throughout a long career as master of a merchantman the Stars and Stripes was never lowered from the masthead nor sullied by defeat or by dishonor.

[Ill.u.s.tration: CAPTAIN WILLIAM DRIVER.]

The sailor, of all men, venerates his nation's flag. To him it is the visible and tangible token of the government he serves, and in it he beholds all the government's strength and virtue. To William Driver, therefore, the Stars and Stripes typified the glory of the land and of the sea. And seeing his nation's symbol float dauntless and triumphant above stress of every encounter and happening upon the deep enkindled the inherent love in his heart for it to enthusiastic ardor, and in thought he called the flag "Old Glory."

A simple incident, but fraught with unread meaning, gave the name into the nation's keep, albeit its formal christening and national adoption was not to come until the soil beneath its folds should be deep-dyed with the blood of conflict between the land's own countrymen.

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Photo of Original Flag._

"OLD GLORY."]

In 1831, as master of the brig _Charles Daggett_, about to set sail for a voyage around the world from Salem, Ma.s.s., Captain Driver was presented by the citizens with a large bunting flag in commendation of his services upon the sea and his well-known love for his country's emblem. This flag, when presented, was rolled in the form of a triangle, and the halyards bent. A young sailor, stepping forward, said: "In ancient times, when an ocean voyage was looked upon with superst.i.tious dread, it was the custom on the eve of departure to roll the banner in form of a triangle. When ready and bent like this, a priest stepped forward and, taking the banner in his hand, sprinkled it with consecrated water and dedicated it to 'G.o.d the Father, G.o.d the Son, and G.o.d the Holy Ghost,' turning the point of the triangle upward at the name of each, thus calling on that sacred unity of Creator, Redeemer, and Sanctifier to bless the national emblem and prosper the voyagers and their friends. The flag thus consecrated was then hoisted to the masthead."

With glistening eyes the captain watched the hoisting of the flag; and as it fell into position at the masthead of his ship and the colors unfurled to the breeze, he shouted: "I'll call her Old Glory, boys, Old Glory!"

Cheer after cheer rent the air. The signals of departure were sounded, the cables were cast off, and the good ship set sail for foreign ports.

This was the ninth and most memorable voyage made by Captain Driver.

From the island of Tahiti he rescued the suffering descendants of the mutineers of the English ship _Bounty_, and at risk of grave considerations turned his vessel from her outlined course and returned them to their beautiful and longed-for home, Pitcairn, in the waters of the South Pacific, the settlement of an island, which marks one of the memorable events of English naval history.

Captain Driver made his last voyage around the globe in command of the _Black Warrior_. At the masthead flew his Salem flag, Old Glory, to which he never referred but by that loving pseudonym.

He left the sea in 1837 to become a resident of Nashville, Tenn. He carried Old Glory with him as a sacred relic, carefully deposited in a heavy, bra.s.s-bound, camphorwood sea chest that had accompanied him on all his voyages. On legal holidays, on St. Patrick's day (which was his own birthday), and on days of especial celebration in the Southern city Old Glory was released from confinement and thrown to the light from some window of the Driver residence or hung on a rope across the street in a triumphal arch under which all processions pa.s.sed.

At the outbreak of the civil strife Captain Driver avowed his Union sympathies and stood openly for his convictions in the face of business losses, arrest, and threatened banishment.

[Ill.u.s.tration: THE CHEST IN WHICH "OLD GLORY" RESTED.]

Just after the secession of the State he daringly flaunted his Old Glory flag from his window; then, fearing its confiscation (which his action had rendered liable), he procured a calico quilt of royal purple hue, and with the aid of two neighboring women sewed it up between the coverings and hid the quilt in his old sea chest.

Again and again the house was searched by Confederate soldiers for this flag, but without success.

Under the purple Old Glory rested. The flag of the Confederacy waved above the Capitol; and Nashville, in pride, prosperity, and splendor, basked in the promise of ultimate victory to the Southland.

But to a rude awakening this fancied security was foredoomed. Suddenly, like the breaking of a terrific thunderclap above the city, came the awesome cry: "Fort Donelson has fallen!"

Fort Donelson fallen meant Nashville's subjection. Terror-stricken, the people rushed wildly in every direction, and the most ill-founded reports in the excitement gained ready credence. It was announced that General Buell would speedily arrive and open his batteries from across the river, and that gunboats would lay the city in ruins. Some of the citizens urged the burning of the city, that no spoils might be left to the enemy.

The fine suspension bridge across the c.u.mberland was fired. The commissaries were thrown open, and vast quant.i.ties of public stores, amounting to millions of dollars, were distributed among the inhabitants or destroyed. The archives of the State were hurriedly conveyed to Memphis. In the mad desire to escape an impending doom of whose nature they were wholly ignorant, residents vacated their houses and left priceless furnishings a prey to the invading army. On foot, on horseback, by wagon, by any available means that best favored their flight, the crowds surged out of the conquered city.

Notwithstanding the apprehensions of speedy hostilities, it was a week later before General Buell was encamped in Edgefield, opposite the city.

To him the mayor formally surrendered Nashville. A proclamation was issued a.s.suring the inhabitants of protection in person and property.

Up the c.u.mberland steamed fifteen transports and one gunboat--General Nelson's wing of the Union army. From the levee came the clamor and shouts of men, the rattle of musketry, and din of many feet. The Sixth Ohio was the first regiment to land. Captain Driver was an interested observer of the scene. "Now," said he, "hath the hour of Old Glory come!"

Lieutenant Thacher, of the Sixth, with a squad of soldiers, left the regiment and escorted Captain Driver to his home, a few blocks distant.