History of European Morals From Augustus to Charlemagne Volume II Part 33

The motive to virtue, according to Shaftesbury and Henry More, 76.

a.n.a.logies of beauty and virtue, 77.

Their difference, 78.

Diversities existing in our judgments of virtue and beauty, 79, 80.

Virtues to which we can and cannot apply the term beautiful, 82.

The standard, though not the essence, of virtue, determined by the condition of society, 109.

Summary of the relations of virtue to public and private interest, 117.

Emphasis with which the utility of virtue was dwelt upon by Aristotle, 124.

Growth of the gentler virtues, 132.

Forms of the virtue of truth, industrial, political, and philosophical, 137.

Each stage of civilisation is specially appropriate to some virtue, 147.

National virtues, 151.

Virtues, naturally grouped together according to principles of affinity or congruity, 153.

Distinctive beauty of a moral type, 154.

Rudimentary virtues differing in different ages, nations, and cla.s.ses, 154, 155.

Four distinct motives leading men to virtue, 178-180.

Plato's fundamental proposition that vice is to virtue what disease is to health, 179.

Stoicism the best example of the perfect severance of virtue and self-interest, 181.

Teachings of the Stoics that virtue should conceal itself from the world, 186.

And that the obligation should be distinguished from the attraction of virtue, 186.

The eminent characteristics of pagan goodness, 190.

All virtues are the same, according to the Stoics, 192.

Horace's description of a just man, 197.

Interested and disinterested motives of Christianity to virtue, ii. 3.

Decline of the civic virtues caused by asceticism, 139.

Influence of this change on moral philosophy, 146.

The importance of the civic virtues exaggerated by historians, 147.

Intellectual virtues, 188.

Relation of monachism to these virtues, 189, _et seq._

Vitalius, St., legend of, and the courtesan, ii. 320

Vivisection, ii. 176.

Approved by Bacon, 176, _note_

Volcanoes, how regarded by the early monks, ii. 221

Vultures, why made an emblem of nature by the Egyptians, i. 108, _note_

War, its moral grandeur, i. 95.

The school of the heroic virtues, 173.

Difference between foreign and civil wars, 232.

Antipathy of the early Christians to a military life, ii. 248.

Belief in battle being the special sphere of Providential interposition, 249.

Effects of the military triumphs of the Mohammedans, 251.

Influences of Christianity upon war considered, 254.

Improved condition of captives taken in war, 256

Warburton, on morals, i. 15, _note_, 17, _note_

Waterland, on the motives to virtue and cause of our love of G.o.d, quoted, i. 9, _note_, 15, _note_

Wealth, origin of the desire to possess, i. 23.

a.s.sociations leading to the desire for, for its own sake, 25

Western Empire, general sketch of the moral condition of the, ii. 14

Widows, care of the early Church for, ii. 366

Will, freedom of the human, sustained and deepened by the ascetic life, ii. 123

Wine, forbidden to women, i. 93, 94, _note_

Witchcraft, belief in the reality of, i. 363.

Suicide common among witches, ii. 54

Wollaston, his a.n.a.lysis of moral judgments, i. 76

Women, law of the Romans forbidding women to taste wine, i. 93, 94, _note_.

Standards of female morality of the Jews, Greeks, and Romans, 103, 104.

Virtues and vices growing out of the relations of the s.e.xes, 143.

Female virtue, 143.

Effects of climate on this virtue, 144.

Of large towns, 146.

And of early marriages, 145.

Reason for Plato's advocacy of community of wives, 200.

Plutarch's high sense of female excellence, 244.

Female gladiators at Rome, 281, and _note_.

Relations of female devotees with the anchorites, ii. 120, 128, 150.

Their condition in savage life, 276.

Cessation of the sale of wives, 276.

Rise of the dowry, 277.

Establishment of monogamy, 278.

Doctrine of the Fathers as to concupiscence, 281.

Nature of the problem of the relations of the s.e.xes, 282.

Prost.i.tution, 282-284.

Recognition in Greece of two distinct orders of womanhood-the wife and the hetaera, 287.

Condition of Roman women, 297, _et seq._ Legal emanc.i.p.ation of women in Rome, 304.

Unbounded liberty of divorce, 306.

Amount of female virtue in Imperial Rome, 308-312.

Legislative measures to repress sensuality, 312.

To enforce the reciprocity of obligation in marriage, 312.

And to censure prost.i.tution, 315.

Influence of Christianity on the position of women, 316, _et seq._ Marriages, 320.

Second marriages, 324.

Low opinion of women, produced by asceticism, 338.

The canon law unfavourable to their proprietary rights, 338, 339.

Barbarian heroines and laws, 341-344.

Doctrine of equality of obligation in marriage, 346.

The duty of man towards woman, 347.