Handbook of the Trees of New England Part 36

APPENDIX.

The range of several trees as given in the text has been extended by discoveries made during the summer of 1901, but reported too late for incorporation in its proper place.

_Populus balsamifera_, L., var. _candicans_, Gray.--One of the commonest and stateliest trees in the alluvium of the Connecticut and the Cold rivers; with negundo, river maple, and white and slippery elm, forming a tall and dense forest along the Connecticut at the foot of Fall mountain, and opposite Bellows Falls. The densely p.u.b.escent petioles and the ciliate margins of the broad cordate leaves at once distinguish this tree from the usually smaller but more common _P. balsamifera_ ("Some Trees and Shrubs of Western Cheshire County, N. H." Mr. M. L. Fernald, in _Rhodora_, III, 233).

The above is the _Populus candicans_, Ait., of the text.

_Salix discolor_, Muhl.--There are many fine trees at Fort Kent, Maine, one with trunk 13 inches in diameter. (M. L. Fernald _in lit._, September, 1901.)

_Salix balsamifera_, Barrett.--A handsome tree at Fort Kent, 25-30 feet high, with trunk 4-6 inches in diameter. (M. L. Fernald _in lit._, September, 1901.)

_Crataegus Crus-Galli_, L.--Nantucket, Ma.s.sachusetts. Young trees were set out in 1830, enclosing an oblong of about an acre and a half. The most flourishing of these have obtained a height of about 30 feet and a trunk diameter near the ground of 10-12 inches. Now established, probably through the agency of birds, along swamps and upon hill-slopes. (L. L. D.)

_Prunus Americana_, Marsh.--One clump of small trees in a thicket at Alstead Centre, N. H., has the characteristic spherical fruit of this species. _P. nigra_, Ait., with oblong, laterally flattened fruit, is abundant. (_Rhodora_, III, 234.)

_Acer Saccharum_, Marsh., var. _barbatum_, Trelease.--Characteristic trees (Cheshire County, N. H.), with small, firm, deep green, three-lobed leaves, appear very distinct, but many transitions are noted between this and the typical _Acer Saccharum_. (_Rhodora_, III, 234.)

_Acer Saccharum_, Marsh., var. _nigrum_, Britton.--Occasional in alluvium of the Cold river (Cheshire county, N. H.). The large, dark green, "flabby" leaves, with closed sinuses and with densely p.u.b.escent petioles and lower surfaces, quickly distinguish this tree from the ordinary forms of the sugar maple. (_Rhodora_, III. 234.)

_Fraxinus Pennsylvanica_. Marsh., var. _lanceolata_, Sarg.--Common along the Connecticut at Walpole, N. H. (M. L. Fernald _in lit._, September, 1901.)

GLOSSARY.

=Abortive.= Defective or barren, through non-development of a part.

=Ac.u.minate.= Long-pointed.

=Acute.= Ending with a sharp but not prolonged point.

=Adherent.= Growing fast to; adnate anther, attached for its whole length to the ovary.

=Adnate.= Essentially same as adherent, with the added idea of congenital adhesion.

=Aggregate fruits.= Formed by crowding together all the carpels of the same flower; as in the blackberry.

=Ament.= Name given to such flower-cl.u.s.ters as those of the willow, birch, poplar, etc.

=Anther.= The part of the stamen which bears the pollen.

=Appressed.= Lying close against another organ.

=Ascending.= Rising upward, or obliquely upward.

=Axil.= Angle formed on the upper side between the leaf stem or flower stem and the branch from which it springs.

=Bract.= Reduced leaf subtending a flower or flower-cl.u.s.ter.

=Branches, primary.= The leading or main branches thrown out directly from the trunk, giving a general shape to the head.

=Branches, secondary.= Never directly from the trunk but from other branches.

=b.u.t.tressed.= Supported against strain in any direction by a conspicuous ridge-like enlargement of the trunk vertically to the roots. Several of these b.u.t.tresses often give a tree a square appearance.

=Caducous.= Dropping off very early after development.

=Calyx.= The outer set of the leaves of the flower.

=Campanulate.= Bell-shaped.

=Capitate.= Head-shaped or collected in a head.

=Capsule.= A dry compound fruit.

=Carpel.= A simple pistil.

=Catkin.= See ament.

=Ciliate.= Margin with hairs or bristles.

=Coherent.= One organ uniting with another.

=Compound.= See leaf, ovary, etc.

=Connate.= Similar organs, more or less grown together.

=Connective.= The part of the anther connecting its two cells.

=Coriaceous.= Thick, leathery in texture.

=Corolla.= Leaves of the flower within the calyx.

=Corymb.= That sort of flower-cl.u.s.ter in which the flower stems arranged along the central axis elongate, forming a broad convex or level top, the flowers opening successively from the outer edge towards the center.

=Crenate.= Edge with rounded teeth.

=Crenulate.= Edge with small rounded teeth.

=Cyme.= Flat-topped or convex flower-cl.u.s.ter, the central flower opening first; blossoming outward.

=Deciduous.= Falling off, as leaves in autumn, or calyx and corolla before fruit grows.

=Declining.= Bent downwards.