Grey Wolf: The Escape of Adolf Hitler Part 10

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xxii "There is every a.s.sumption that Hitler is dead": Dwight D. Eisenhower, quoted on October 12, 1945, by The a.s.sociated Press, Indian Express, "Is. .h.i.tler Alive?," October 14, 1945, http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=orI-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=SEwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4222,1007385&dq=eisenhower+hitler+alive&hl=en.

xxv "Allied Powers employed numerous n.a.z.i war criminals": New York Times, "n.a.z.is Were Given Safe Haven in U.S., Report Says," November 13, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/14/us/14n.a.z.is.html?scp=2&sq=n.a.z.is&st=cse. See also The Office of Special Investigations: Striving for Accountability in the Aftermath of the Holocaust, Department of Justice, Criminal Division, 2006, Report: "Klaus Barbie: The Butcher of Lyon."

xxv Israeli government and n.a.z.i hunting: Ian Black and Benny Morris, Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services (New York: Grove Press, 1991).

xxv Lothar Hermann: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/trials/eichmanntrialcapture.html.

xxv "It has now been proved": Daily Telegraph, "Germany and US 'Knew Where Eichmann Was in 1952,'" January 9, 2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/8248965/Germany-and-US-knew-where-Eichmann-was-in-1952.html.

xxvi Gehlen Organization and the BND: Klaus Wiegrefe, "The n.a.z.i Criminals Who Became German Spooks," Der Spiegel, February 16, 2011, www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,745640,00.html.

Introduction.

xxviii "When Adolf Hitler returned from the Western Front": Cris Whetton, Hitler's Fortune (Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword Books, 2004).

xxvii "Money does not bring happiness": Paul Manning, Martin Bormann: n.a.z.i in Exile (Secaucus, NY: Lyle Stuart, 1981).

x.x.xi "Uncle Wolf": Guido Knopp, Hitler's Women (New York: Routledge, 2003).

Chapter 1: FUELING THE BEAST.

3 "zenith of its success": There are innumerable general histories of World War II, but for a single-volume treatment including the aspects relevant to this book the authors can recommend Norman Davies, Europe at War 19391945: No Simple Victory (London: Macmillan, 2006).

4 "modification of the Enigma": Ronald Lewin, Ultra Goes to War (Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword Books, 2008). The addition of a fourth rotor to the naval Enigma machines (Schlussel M) virtually stopped British decryption of U-boat signals traffic for nine months.

4 convoy SC-107: Wolf Packs (The Third Reich series) (Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1989). See "Treatment of Military Ranks" on page xiv for translations of German ranks.

5 U-boats of Gruppe Veilchen: Further details of this battle are to be found on http://www.uboat.net.

5 "730,000 tons of Allied shipping": Gordon Williamson, Wolf Pack: The Story of the U-Boat in World War II (Oxford: Osprey, 2005).

5 "from 91 to 212 boats": Gordon Williamson, U-Boat Tactics in World War II (Oxford: Osprey, 2010).

5 "only thing that ever really frightened me": Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 2, Their Finest Hour (London: Ca.s.sell, 1949).

5 "terms imposed on Germany": David Sinclair, Hall of Mirrors (London: Century, 2001).

6 "enviable background experience": James Srodes, Allen Dulles: Master of Spies (Washington, DC: Regency, 1999). On one occasion during Dulles's service in Bern in World War 1, a man by the name of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov knocked on the door of his residence, requesting an audience and a visa for America. Anxious to meet a young lady at the tennis club, Dulles refused, dismissing his visitor as "not very important." This would be a matter of acute regret to him; V. I. Ulyanov would become better known as Lenin.

6 "Uncle Bert" Lansing: Ibid.

7 "powerful and influential conglomerates": Diarmuid Jeffreys, h.e.l.l's Cartel: IG Farben and the Making of Hitler's War Machine (London: Bloomsbury, 2008).

8 Dulles's meeting with Martin Bormann: Manning, Martin Bormann.

8 "enabling act": Michael Burleigh, The Third Reich: A New History (London: Macmillan, 2000).

9 "happy to fill the gap": Edwin Black, n.a.z.i Nexus: America's Corporate Connections to Hitler's Holocaust (Washington, DC: Dialog Press, 2009).

9 "Order of the German Eagle": Agostino von Ha.s.sell and Sigrid MacRae with Simone Ameskamp, Alliance of Enemies: The Untold Story of the Secret American and German Collaboration to End World War II (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2006).

9 Opel AG of Russelsheim: Ibid.

10 "Achilles' heel": Charles Higham, Trading with the Enemy: The n.a.z.i-American Money Plot 19331949 (New York: Delacorte Press, 1983).

10 "As Britain fought for her life": Glen Yeadon and John Hawkins, The n.a.z.i Hydra in America (Joshua Tree, CA: Progressive Press, 2008). Yeadon and Hawkins provide (p. 92) a striking example of the duplicity of German-influenced U.S. business corporations: "An agreement between DuPont and Dynamit in 1929 controlled the production of tetrazine, a substance that greatly improved ammunition primers. When WW II began in 1939, Remington Arms (controlled by DuPont) received huge British ammunition orders. Because of a clause in the agreement with IG Farben, the British received an inferior cartridge lacking tetrazine."

11 "personal representative of President Roosevelt": Srodes, Allen Dulles.

11 "gentlemen do not read each other's mail": von Ha.s.sel et al., Alliance of Enemies.

11 "j.a.panese diplomatic cipher": For a fuller account of the interservice rivalry that bedeviled U.S. code-breaking before World War II, see Thomas Parrish, The Ultra Americans: The U.S. Role in Breaking the n.a.z.i Codes (New York: Stein and Day, 1986). Purple was the j.a.panese equivalent of the German Enigma encoding machine, and the decrypted intelligence provided was code-named "Magic." American crypta.n.a.lysts broke the j.a.panese diplomatic code some fifteen months before Pearl Harbor, but the failure in liaison between the various services and governmental agencies meant that the warnings of j.a.panese military intentions were either ignored or discounted in the days leading up to December 7, 1941-"a date which will live in infamy." Fortunately, the j.a.panese continued to use Purple and much vital intelligence concerning n.a.z.i war plans was gleaned from intercepting the cables of the j.a.panese amba.s.sador in Berlin, Hiroshi Oshima, following his frequent, lengthy meetings with Adolf Hitler throughout the war.

12 "with war looming": Allen W. Dulles, The Secret Surrender (Guildford, CT: Lyons Press, 2006).

13 "Oh So Social": The Secret War (The World War II series) (Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1998).

13 U-559: http://www.uboat.net. Lt. Tony Fa.s.son and AB Colin Glazier were posthumously awarded the George Cross, and canteen a.s.sistant Tommy Brown lived to receive the George Medal-though he did not survive the war. Tragically, he died in 1945 trying to save his sister from a fire at their home.

Chapter 2: THE TURNING TIDE.

14 "all sorts of outlandish people": Srodes, Allen Dulles.

15 "big window": Christof Mauch, The Shadow War Against Hitler: The Covert Operations of America's Wartime Secret Intelligence Service (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002).

15 "bringing to my door purveyors of information": Srodes, Allen Dulles.

15 "putting one over the Brits": Gordon Thomas, Inside British Intelligence: 100 Years of MI5 and MI6 (London: JR Books, 2009).

16 "George Wood": Lucas Delattre, Betraying Hitler: The Story of Fritz Kolbe, the Most Important Spy of the Second World War (London: Atlantic Books, 2005).

17 Wilhelm Canaris: Charles Whiting, Hitler's Secret War: The n.a.z.i Espionage Campaign Against the Allies (Barnsley, UK: Leo Cooper, 2000).

18 "pillow talk": von Ha.s.sell et al., Alliance of Enemies.

18 "these east German Junkers": Ibid.

18 "Yankee Doodle Dandy": Thomas, Inside British Intelligence.

18 "all news from Berne": Delattre, Betraying Hitler.

19 "All ammunition spent": The World at Arms: The Reader's Digest Ill.u.s.trated History of World War II (London: Reader's Digest a.s.sociation, 1989).

20 "small hunk of horse meat": The Ill.u.s.trated History of the World: The World in Flames 193945 (London: Reader's Digest a.s.sociation, 2007).

20 "genuinely pivotal victory": Davies, Europe at War 19391945.

21 Casablanca Conference and Operation Pointblank: H. P. Wilmott, Charles Messenger, and Robin Cross, World War II (London: Dorling Kindersley, 2004).

21 "Unconditional Surrender Grant": von Ha.s.sell et al., Alliance of Enemies.

22 "We rendered impossible internal revolution": Letter to Chester Wilmot, January 3, 1949, Allen W. Dulles papers, Seeley G. Mudd Ma.n.u.script Library, Princeton, New Jersey, as cited in Lucas Delattre, Betraying Hitler: The Story of Fritz Kolbe, the Most Important Spy of the Second World War (London: Atlantic Books, 2005).

Chapter 3: THE BROWN EMINENCE.

23 "imbalance of resources": A ma.s.s of statistics is available, but the following snapshot figures for 1943 may suffice. Total Allied coal production was 928 million tons and Axis production 545 million. Total Allied production of iron ore was 145 million tons and Axis production 77 million. Total Allied crude steel production was 118 million tons and Axis production 47 million. Total Allied crude oil production was 259 million tons and Axis production just 18 million. As for manufacturing output, in 1943 the Allied nations built 61,062 battle tanks and self-propelled guns, the Axis nations 12,957. From John Ellis, The World War II Data Book (London: Aurum Press, 1993).

24 "der totaler Krieg": Richard Bessel, n.a.z.ism and War (London: Phoenix, 2004).

25 "greatest confusion that has ever existed": The Center of the Web (The Third Reich series) (Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1990).

25 "Hitler exercised his absolute power": Burleigh, Third Reich.

26 "state machinery defied all logical explanation": Brian L. Davis, The German Home Front 193945 (Oxford: Osprey, 2007).

27 "Telex General": Jochen von Lang, Bormann: The Man Who Manipulated Hitler (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979).

28 "Hitler's personal treasure chest": Whetton, Hitler's Fortune.

28 "Bormann's proposals are so precisely worked out": Joachim C. Fest, The Face of the Third Reich (New York: Da Capo Press, 1999).

29 "clung to Hitler like ivy": Patrick Delaforce, The Hitler File (London: Michael O'Mara Books, 2007). Bormann's power stemmed less from his party rank-there were seventeen different NSDAP departmental Reichsleitern-than from his appointment to particular duties close to Hitler.

29 "I need Bormann": Guido Knopp, Hitler's. .h.i.tmen (Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2002).

29 "my own private existence": Whetton, Hitler's Fortune.

30 "financed from the AH Fund": Ibid.

30 "household of the Fuhrer": Center of the Web.

30 "his brilliant business ac.u.men": von Lang, Bormann.

Chapter 4: THE RAPE OF EUROPE.

32 Hitler's early life: Michael Fitzgerald, Adolf Hitler: A Portrait (Stroud, UK: Spellmount Books, 2006).

32 "racial purity": Burleigh, Third Reich.

33 "eliminating political opponents": Bessel, n.a.z.ism and War.

33 "'Aryanization' of all aspects of German society": Mark Mazower, Hitler's Empire: n.a.z.i Rule in Occupied Europe (London: Allen Lane, 2008).

34 Kristallnacht: James Pool, Hitler and His Secret Partners: Contributions, Loot and Rewards 19331945 (New York: Pocket Books, 1997).

35 "bureaucracy of murder": John Cornwell, Hitler's Scientists: Science, War and the Devil's Pact (London: Penguin Books, 2004).

35 "safekeeping of works of art": Richard Z. Chesnoff, Pack of Thieves: How Hitler and Europe Plundered the Jews and Committed the Greatest Theft in History (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000).

36 "painter of idyllic landscapes": Ronald Pawly, Hitler's Chancellery: A Palace to Last a Thousand Years (Ramsbury, UK: Crowood Press, 2009).

36 "Look at those details": Delaforce, The Hitler File.

36 Rosenberg and "the character Wilhelm Furtw.a.n.gler": Jonathan Petropoulos, The Faustian Bargain: The Art World in n.a.z.i Germany (London: Allen Lane, 2000). Museums were also required to provide some of their acceptable masterpieces for the decoration of the New Reich Chancellery. For instance, in 193839 Speer requisitioned "on loan" many works from the Art Historical Museum in Vienna, including twenty-one enormous seventeenth-century Dutch and Belgian tapestries; see Pawly, Hitler's Chancellery.

37 Committee for the Exploitation of Degenerate Art: Lynn H. Nicholas, The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the Second World War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994).

38 "extraordinary bargains": Ibid.

38 "triumphal progress through Vienna": Saul Friedlander, n.a.z.i Germany and the Jews (London: Phoenix, 2009).

38 Rothschilds: Hitler reserved a special loathing for this famous Jewish family of financiers and art collectors whose collections in Vienna and Paris he plundered for his planned Fuhrermuseum at Linz. His grandmother had once worked as a maid for the Vienna branch of the family, and rumors persisted that her b.a.s.t.a.r.d son, Hitler's father Alois Schicklgruber, had been sired by a Rothschild-which would have made Hitler one-quarter Jewish.