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2d. When in Company, put not your Hands to any Part of the Body not usually Discovered.
Chapter ii. 3. Gardez-vous bien de toucher de la main aucune partie de vostre corps, de celles qui ne sont point en veue, en la presence d'aucune autre personne. Pour les mains, & le visage, cela leur est ordinaire. Et afin de vous y accoustumer pratiquez ce poinct de ciuilite mesme en vostre particulier.
In the presence of any one, never put your hand to any part of the person not usually uncovered. As for the hands and face they are usually visible. In order to form a habit in this point of decency, practise it even when with your intimate friend.
3d. Shew Nothing to your Friend that may affright him.
Chapter ii. 4. Ne faites pas voir a vostre compagnon, ce qui luy pourroit faire mal au coeur.
Show nothing to your companion that may grieve him.
4th. In the Presence of Others sing not to yourself with a humming Noise, nor Drum, with your Fingers or Feet.
Chapter ii. 5. Ne vous amusez pas a chanter en vous mesme, si vous ne vous rencontrez si fort a l'ecart qu'aucun autre ne vous puisse entendre, non plus qu'a contre-faire le son du tambour par l'agitation des pieds ou des mains.
Do not seek amus.e.m.e.nt in singing to yourself, unless beyond the hearing of others, nor drum with your hands or feet.
5th. If you Cough, Sneeze, Sigh, or Yawn, do it not Loud, but Privately; and Speak not in your Yawning, but put your handkerchief or Hand before your face and turn aside.
Chapter ii. 8. Quand vous toussez ou quand vous esternuez, si vous pouuez estre le maistre de ces efforts de nature, n'eclatez pas si hautement & si fort. Ne poussez soupirs si aigres que les autres les puissent entendre.
9. Ne soufflez pas si asprement, faisant des hurlements en baaillant. Et s'il vous est possible, empeschez vous absolum[=e]t de baailler; mais ayez en un bien plus soin, quand vous entretenez avec quelqu'vn, ou dans quelque conuersation. Car c'est un signe manifest d'un certain degoust de ceux avec qui vous vivez. Si vous ne pouvez pas empescher de baailler, du moins gardez vous bien de parler en cet instant mesme, & d'ouurir extraordinairem[=e]t la bouche; mais pressez la sagement, ou en detournant tant soi peu la face de la cpagnie.
[Sidenote: The later French book advises one, in sneezing, not to shake the foundations of the house.]
Whenever you cough or sneeze, if you can control these efforts of nature, do not let the sound be high or strong. Do not heave sighs so piercing as to attract attention. Do not breathe heavily, or make noises in yawning. If you can, abstain from yawning, especially while with any one, or in conversation. For it is a plain sign of a certain dislike of those with whom you dwell. If you cannot keep from yawning, at least be careful not to speak while doing so, and not to gape excessively; press your mouth adroitly or n turning a little from the company.
6th. Sleep not when others Speak, Sit not when others stand, Speak not when you should hold your Peace, walk not when others Stop
Chapter ii. 11. C'est vne inciuilite & vne impertinence de dormir, pendant que la cpagnie s'entretient de discours; de se tenir a.s.sis lors que tout le monde est debout, de se promener lors que personne ne branle, & de parler, qud il est temps de se taire ou d'ecouter.
Pour celuy toutesfois qui a l'authorite, il y a des temps & des lieux ou il luy est permis de se promener seul, comme a un Precepteur qui est dans la cla.s.se.
It is an incivility and an impertinence to doze while the company is conversing, to be seated while the rest stand, to walk on when others pause, and to speak when you should be silent, or listen.
For those in authority, as a Master in school, there are times and places when it is admissible to walk alone.
7th. Put not off your Cloths in the presence of Others, nor go out of your Chamber half Drest.
Chapter ii. 12. Il n'est pas seant d'auoir son liet en mauuais ordre dans sa chambre, non plus que de s'habiller en la presence des autres, ou de s'y depouiller, ou de sortir de sa mesme chambre a demy habille, couuert de sa coiffe, ou bonnet-de-nuiet, de rester debout en sa chbre ou estre attache a son pulpitre auec sa robe ouverte. Et quoy que vous ne manquiez pas de serviteur qui prenne le soin de faire vostre liet; toutesfois en sortant, prenez garde de le laisser decouvert.
It is not seemly to leave your bed disarranged, to dress or undress before others, or to leave your chamber half-dressed, covered with a hood, or night-cap, or to remain standing in your room or at your desk with open gown. And although you have a servant to make your bed, nevertheless, take care when you go out to leave it uncovered.
8th. At Play and at Fire its Good manners to give Place to the last Commer, and affect not to Speak Louder than ordenary.
Chapter ii. 15. Il est mal-seant, dans le jeu, ou aupres du feu de faire attendre trop long-temps ceux qui viennent a s'y presenter.
It is impolite at play, or at the fireside, to make the new-comers wait for places too long.
_(In the second clause, "affect not" &c., the Washington MS.
follows Hawkins in misunderstanding a phrase of the next Maxim: "Prenez garde de vous echauffer trop au jeu, & aux emportements qui s'y eleu[~e]t,"--a warning against being overheated at play, and "carried away by its excitements.")_
10th. When you Sit down, Keep your Feet firm and Even, without putting one on the other or Crossing them
Chapter ii. 18. Pour l'ordre que l'on doit tenir etant a.s.sis, c'est de placer bien ses pieds a terre en egale distance que les cuisses, non pas de croiser vne cuisse ou vn pied sur l'autre.
When seated, the feet should be placed well on the ground, in even distance with the legs, and neither a leg or a foot should be crossed on the other.
11th. Shift not yourself in the Sight of others nor Gnaw your nails.
Chapter ii. 7. C'est vne inciuilite insupportable d'allonger son corps en estendant les bras, ou de faire differents postures.
Chapter iii. 19. Il ne faut iamais rogner ses ongles dans le public, & bien moins les prendre a beiles dents.
It is insufferably impolite to stretch the body, extend the arms, or to a.s.sume different postures.
Do not pare your nails in public, much less gnaw them.
12th. Shake not the head, Feet, or Legs rowl not the Eys, lift not one eyebrow higher than the other wry not the mouth, and bedew no mans face with your Spittle, by appr[oaching too nea]r [when] you Speak.
Chapter ii. 21. Vous ne hocherez la teste, vous ne remuerez point les jambes, ny ne rouillerez les yeux, ne froncerez point les sourcils, ou tordrez la bouche. Vous vous garderez de laisser aller auec vos paroles de la saliue, ou du crachat aux visages de ceux, auec qui vous conversez. Pour obvier a cet accident, vous ne vous en approcherez point si pres; mais vous les entretiendrez dans vne distce raisonnable.
Shake not the head, nor fidget the legs, nor roll the eyes, nor frown, nor make mouths. Be careful not to let saliva escape with your words, nor any spittle fly into the faces of those with whom you converse. To avoid such accident do not approach them too near, but keep at a reasonable distance.
13th Kill no Vermin as Fleas, lice ticks &c in the Sight of Others, if you See any filth or thick Spittle put your foot Dexteriously upon it if it be upon the Cloths of your Companions, Put it off privately, and if it be upon your own Cloths return Thanks to him who puts it off
Chapter ii. 22. Gardez vous bie de vous arrester a tuer vne puce, ou quelque sale bestiole de cette espece, en presence de qui que a puisse estre. Que si quelque chose d'immde vient a vous offenser la veue, en regardant a terre, comme quelque crachat infect, ou quelque autre chose semblable, mettez le pied dessus. S'il en attache quelque'vne aux habits de celuy a qui vous parlez, ou voltige dessus, gardez vouz bien de la luy monstrer, ou a quelqu'autre personne; mais trauaillez autant que vous pourrez a l'oster adroitement. Et s'il arriue que quelqu'vn vous oblige tant que de vous defaire de quelque chose de semblable, faites luy paroistre vostre reconnoissance.
Do not stop to kill a flea, or other disgusting insect of the kind, in the presence of any one. If anything disgusting offends the sight on the ground, as phlegm, etc., put your foot on it. If it be on any garment of one to whom you are talking, do not show it to him or another, but do your best to remove it un.o.bserved. If any one oblige you in a thing of that kind make him your acknowledgments.
14th. Turn not your Back to others especially in Speaking, Jog not the Table or Desk on which Another reads or writes lean not upon any one.
Chapter ii. 24. En la rencontre que l'on fait des personnes, quand on les entretient, c'est une chose malseante de leur tourner le dos & les epaules. C'est vne action impertinente de heurter la table ou d'ebranler le pupitre, dont vn autre se sert pour lire, ou pour ecrire. C'est vne inciuilite de s'appuyer sur quelqu'vn, de tirer sa robbe, lors que l'on luy parle ou que l'on le peut entretenir.
When one meets people, it is very unbecoming in speaking to them to turn one's back and shoulders to them. It is an impertinent action to knock against the table, or to shake the desk, which another person is using for reading or writing. It is uncivil to lean against any one, or to pluck his dress when speaking to him, or while entertaining him in conversation.
15th. Keep your Nails clean and Short, also your Hands and Teeth Clean, yet without Shewing any great Concern for them