Farm drainage Part 5

5 " .40 " .50 "

3 " .50 " .60 "

3 " .60 " .70 "

3 " .70 " .80 "

2 " .80 " .90 "

1 " .90 " 1.00 "

3 " 1.00 " 1.10 "

7 " 1.20 " 1.30 "

2 " 1.80 " 1.90 "

2 " 1.90 " 2.00 "

3 " 2.00 " 2.10 "

2 " 2.10 " 2.20 "

1 " 2.30 " 2.40 "

1 " 2.50 " 2.60 "

1 " 2.60 " 2.70 "

1 " 2.80 " 2.90 "

1 " 3.60 " 3.70 "

1 " 4.50 " 4.60 "

Sept. 7th and 8th, in 24 hours, 6.88 inches of rain fell, the greatest quant.i.ty recorded in one day.

In 1846--still earlier by four years--the rain-fall in Waltham was 26.90 inches--the least recorded by the same observations. It fell, as shown in the table: Number of rainy days, 49; total rain-fall, 26.90.

3 days gave between .05 and .10 inches.

7 " .10 " .20 "

10 " .20 " .30 "

6 " .30 " .40 "

4 " .40 " .50 "

3 " .50 " .60 "

2 " .70 " .80 "

3 " .80 " .90 "

1 " .90 " 1.00 "

3 " 1.00 " 1.10 "

2 " 1.10 " 1.20 "

1 " 1.20 " 1.30 "

2 " 1.40 " 1.50 "

1 " 1.50 " 1.60 "

1 " 2.40 " 2.50 "

The rain-fall in 1852 was very near the average for thirty years; and the quant.i.ty falling in single storms, on sixty-three different occasions, as registered by Dr. Hobbs, was as follows: Number of storms, 63; total rain-fall, 42.24.

7 storms gave less than .10 inches.

11 " between .10 and .20 "

9 " " .20 " .30 "

5 " " .30 " .40 "

6 " " .40 " .50 "

5 " " .50 " .60 "

1 " " .60 " .70 "

1 " " .70 " .80 "

3 " " .80 " .90 "

1 " " .90 " 1.00 "

5 " " 1.00 " 1.10 "

1 " " 1.10 " 1.20 "

1 " " 1.20 " 1.30 "

1 " " 1.40 " 1.50 "

3 " " 1.60 " 1.70 "

1 " in 5 days 3.16 "

1 " " 4 " 4.38 "

1 " " 6 " 5.35 "

These tables are sufficient to show that provision must be made to carry off much greater quant.i.ties of water from lands in this country than in England. We add a table of the greatest fall of rain in any one day, for each month, and for the year, from April, 1824, to 1st January, 1859.

It also was abstracted from the ma.n.u.script of observations by Dr. Hobbs, and will be, we think, quite useful:

========================================================================== YEARS March June September December Greatest February May August November Fall in the January April July October Year -----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-------- 1824 0.76 0.67 0.53 0.44 1.90 2.54 0.81 0.76 1.80 2.54 1825 2.16 2.61 0.27 1.23 1.37 0.91 2.51 0.89 1.32 0.71 2.40 2.61 1826 1.80 0.56 1.67 0.89 0.39 1.78 0.87 1.80 1.57 1.37 1.22 1.41 1.87 1827 3.81 1.55 2.42 0.66 1.36 3.16 4.93 2.22 3.85 1.39 4.93 1828 0.60 1.48 1.82 2.06 2.01 1.44 1.52 0.14 1.82 1.52 1.90 0.29 2.06 1829 3.86 1.98 4.12 2.35 1.15 0.97 1.92 0.97 1.39 1.00 1.25 1.58 4.12 1830 1.31 1.17 2.68 2.28 0.78 1.84 2.45 2.40 1.20 2.64 2.44 2.68 1831 0.64 1.48 2.32 2.12 1.79 1.87 2.27 1.00 1.00 2.82 1.24 0.15 2.82 1832 2.68 1.59 2.00 4.48 2.52 1.24 2.13 0.80 1.50 2.60 1.34 4.48 1833 0.83 2.57 0.98 2.03 1.42 0.64 2.75 2.32 3.12 1.27 3.12 1834 0.64 1.31 0.94 2.35 1.87 2.12 0.73 1.25 1.89 2.42 0.92 2.42 1835 1.44 0.88 2.48 2.48 1.18 1.52 4.72 1.32 1.57 3.28 0.74 2.32 4.72 1836 2.72 3.04 2.26 1.86 1.29 2.24 1.04 0.72 0.36 2.04 1.50 1.68 3.04 1837 3.62 1.50 1.14 1.68 1.46 1.30 0.72 0.78 0.66 1.46 0.81 1.68 3.62 1838 1.64 0.75 0.76 1.32 1.40 1.67 0.82 1.40 3.84 1.10 2.46 1.00 3.84 1839 0.70 0.80 0.58 4.06 2.98 0.94 1.08 3.54 0.70 1.60 0.80 1.92 4.06 1840 1.68 2.20 1.54 2.12 1.16 1.08 1.40 2.72 1.28 1.04 3.72 1.12 3.72 1841 1.44 1.12 1.32 1.64 0.90 0.75 0.64 2.82 2.78 2.66 1.05 1.70 2.82 1842 0.54 1.22 1.16 0.64 0.47 2.10 0.68 1.44 0.96 0.34 1.10 2.02 2.10 1843 1.60 1.64 2.50 1.34 0.34 1.04 1.98 2.58 0.52 1.94 1.28 2.58 1844 4.14 2.06 0.24 0.58 0.78 0.86 1.34 1.76 2.30 1.86 1.28 4.14 1845 2.42 1.70 1.14 0.70 1.02 1.03 1.20 1.66 0.88 1.16 3.32 1.46 3.32 1846 1.54 2.46 1.16 1.18 0.82 1.46 0.49 0.56 0.55 0.54 1.02 2.46 1847 1.18 2.74 1.66 1.12 0.84 1.28 0.56 1.86 2.16 0.64 2.74 3.02 3.02 1848 1.44 1.56 2.68 0.68 2.28 1.00 0.72 1.24 1.48 2.96 0.88 1.00 2.96 1849 1.36 0.40 2.30 0.92 1.28 0.72 1.52 2.08 1.12 2.60 2.48 1.76 2.60 1850 2.56 1.92 1.84 2.68 2.80 1.20 1.20 3.68 6.88 1.04 2.16 1.92 6.88 1851 0.80 1.84 0.56 3.60 1.92 1.12 0.96 0.32 1.15 1.47 2.25 0.89 3.60 1852 1.06 0.88 1.15 4.38 1.47 1.69 0.66 4.16 1.19 1.61 1.59 0.89 4.38 1853 0.92 1.33 1.03 1.12 2.39 0.42 1.03 2.36 2.14 1.95 1.67 1.35 2.39 1854 0.83 1.60 1.25 1.88 2.57 1.50 1.58 0.48 2.33 1.82 3.25 1.43 3.25 1855 3.37 3.08 0.80 1.33 0.39 1.23 1.93 0.75 0.70 1.77 2.22 1.24 3.37 1856 1.30 0.63 1.97 2.93 0.66 1.30 4.23 2.42 0.87 0.88 1.20 4.23 1857 1.50 0.54 1.55 3.68 1.28 0.96 2.43 2.00 0.87 3.54 0.67 1.28 3.68 1858 1.12 1.18 0.35 1.28 1.00 3.86 1.35 2.21 1.64 1.22 1.36 1.40 3.86 ==========================================================================

The following table shows the record of rain-fall, as kept for one year; it was selected as a representative year, the total quant.i.ty falling being equal to the average. For the year 1840: Number of rainy days, 50; total rain-fall, 42.00.

====================================================================== DAYS March June September December February May August November January 1840 April July October -----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+--------- 1 0.55 0.14 2.72 0.64 2 0.08 0.05 3 0.32 4 1.08 0.10 5 1.16 0.63 6 0.50 7 8 0.20 9 0.25 3.72 10 2.20 1.28 11 0.10 12 2.12 0.54 13 0.14 1.12 14 0.58 0.70 15 0.36 16 17 18 19 0.82 0.24 0.68 1.04 20 1.54 0.44 21 0.98 1.04 22 0.52 2.20 23 1.68 0.96 0.18 24 1.40 25 0.16 0.35 26 0.18 27 0.17 0.30 28 29 1.80 0.10 1.40 30 1.42 0.08 1.04 31 -----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+--------- Total 1.68 2.78 3.28 5.17 2.28 2.41 2.09 5.22 2.89 3.65 7.35 3.20 ======================================================================

The average quant.i.ty of rain which has fallen in Waltham, during the important months of vegetation, from 1824 to 1858 inclusive--a period of thirty-five years--is for--

_April._ _May._ _June._ _July._ _Aug._ _Sept._ 3.96 3.71 3.18 3.38 4.50 3.52

Average for the six months, 22.25.

It will be noticed, that the average for the month of August is about 33 per cent. larger than for June and July. The quant.i.ty of rain falling in each month, as registered at the Cambridge Observatory, is as follows:

MEAN OF OBSERVATIONS FOR TWELVE YEARS.

_Jan._ _Feb._ _Mar._ _Apr._ _May._ _June._ 2.39 3.19 3.47 3.64 3.74 3.13

_July._ _Aug._ _Sept._ _Oct._ _Nov._ _Dec._ 2.57 5.47 4.27 3.73 4.57 4.31

_Spring._ _Summer._ _Autumn._ _Winter._ 10.85 11.17 12.57 9.89

Average quant.i.ty per year, 44.48.

The quant.i.ty falling from January to July, is much less than falls from July to January.

The great quant.i.ty of snow which falls in New England during the Winter months, and is carried off mainly in the Spring, usually floods the low lands, and should be taken into account in establishing the size of pipe to be used in a system of drainage. The following observations of the average depth of snow, have been made at the places cited, and are copied, by Blodget, from various published notices:

Oxford Co., Me. 12 years 90 inches per year.

Dover, N. H. 10 " 68.6 " "

Montreal 10 " 67 " "

Burlington, Vt. 10 " 85 " "

Worcester, Ma.s.s. 12 " 55 " "

Amherst, " 7 " 54 " "

Hartford, Conn. 24 " 43 " "

Lambertville, N. J. 8 " 25.5 " "