Elements of Plumbing Part 18

SEC. 12. YARD AND AREA DRAINS.--All yard, area and court drains when sewer-connected must have connection not less than 4 inches in diameter. They should be controlled by one trap--the leader trap if possible. All yards, areas and courts must be drained. Tenement houses and lodging houses must have yards, areas and courts drained into sewer.

SEC. 13. USE OF OLD DRAINS AND SEWERS.--Old house drains and sewers may be used in connection with new buildings or new plumbing, only when they are found, on examination by the department of building, to conform in all respects to the requirements governing new sewers and drains. All extensions to old house drains must be of extra heavy cast-iron pipe.

SEC. 14. LEADER PIPES.--All building shall be provided with proper metallic leaders for conducting water from the roofs in such manner as shall protect the walls and foundations of such buildings from injury. In no case shall the water from such leaders be allowed to flow upon the sidewalk but the same shall be conducted by a pipe or pipes to the sewer. If there is no sewer in the street upon which such building fronts, then the water from said leader shall be conducted, by proper pipes below the surface of the sidewalk, to the street gutter.

Inside leaders shall be constructed of cast iron, wrought iron or steel, with roof connections made gas-and water-tight by means of heavy copper drawn tubing slipped into the pipe. The tubing must slip at least 7 inches into the pipe. Outside leaders may be of sheet metal, but they must connect with the house drain by means of cast-iron pipe extending vertically 5 feet above grade level, where the building is located along public driveways or sidewalks. Where the building is located off building line, and not liable to be damaged the connection shall be made with iron pipe extending 1 foot above the grade level.

All leaders must be trapped with running traps of cast iron, so placed as to prevent freezing.

Rain leaders must not be used as soil, waste or vent pipes, nor shall such pipes be used as rain leaders.

SEC. 15.--EXHAUST FROM STEAM PIPES, ETC.--No steam discharge or exhaust, blow-off or drip pipe shall connect with the sewer or the house drain, leader, soil pipe, waste or vent pipe.

Such pipes shall discharge into a tank or condenser, from which suitable outlet to the sewer shall be made. Such condenser shall be supplied with water, to help condensation and help protect the sewer, and shall also be supplied with relief vent to carry off dry steam.

SEC. 16. DIAMETER OF SOIL PIPE.--The smallest diameter of soil pipe permitted to be used shall be 4 inches. The size of soil pipes must not be less than those set forth in the following tables.

Maximum number of fixtures connected to:

-------------+-------------------------+------------------------------ Size of pipe | Waste and soil combined | Soil pipe alone +------------+------------+---------------+-------------- | Branch | Main | Branch | Main | fixtures | fixtures | water closets | water closets -------------+------------+------------+---------------+-------------- 4-inch | 48 | 96 | 8 | 16 4.5-inch | 96 | 192 | 16 | 32 6-inch | 268 | 336 | 34 | 68 -------------+------------+------------+---------------+--------------

If the building is six (6) and less than twelve (12) stories in height, the diameter shall not be less than 5 inches. If more than twelve (12) it shall be 6 inches, in diameter. A building six (6) or more stories in height, with fixtures located below the sixth floor, soil pipe 4 inches in diameter will be allowed to extend through the roof provided the number of fixtures does not exceed the number given in the table. All soil pipes must extend at least 2 feet above the highest window, and must not be reduced in size. Traps will not be permitted on main, vertical, soil or waste-pipe lines.

Each house must have a separate line of soil and vent pipes.

No soil or waste line shall be constructed on the outside of a building.

Fixtures with: 1 to 1-1/4-inch traps count as one fixture.

1 to 1-1/2 " traps count as one fixture.

1 to 2 " traps count as two fixtures.

1 to 2-1/2 " traps count as three fixtures.

1 to 3 " traps (water closets) count as four fixtures.

1 to 4 " traps count as five fixtures.

SEC. 17. CHANGE IN DIRECTION.--All sewer, soil, and waste pipes must be as direct as possible. Changes in direction must be made with "Y"- or half "Y"-branches or one-eighth bends.

Offsets in soil or waste pipes will not be permitted when they can be avoided, nor, in any case unless suitable provision is made to prevent the acc.u.mulation of rust or other obstruction.

Offsets must be made with fourth degree bends or similar fittings. The use of T "Y"s (sanitary Ts) will be permitted on upright lines only.

SEC. 18. JOINTS ON SOIL AND WASTE PIPES.--Connection on lead and cast-iron pipe shall be made with bra.s.s sleeve or ferrule, of the same size as the lead pipe inserted in the hub of the iron pipe, and caulked with lead. The lead must be attached to the ferrule by means of a wiped joint. Joints between lead and wrought-iron pipes must be made with bra.s.s nipple, of same size as lead pipe. The lead pipe must be attached to the bra.s.s nipple by means of a wiped joint. All connections of lead waste pipes must be made by means of wiped joints.

Short nipples on wrought-iron and steel pipes must be of thickness and weight known as "extra heavy" or "extra strong."

Bra.s.s ferrules must be best quality, extra heavy cast bra.s.s, not less than 4 inches long and 2-1/4, 3-1/2 and 4-1/2 inches in diameter and not less than the following weights:

Diameters Weights 2-1/4 inches 1 pound 0 ounce.

3-1/2 inches 1 pound 12 ounces.

4-1/2 inches 2 pounds 8 ounces.

SEC. 19. SOLDER NIPPLES.--Solder nipples must be heavy cast bra.s.s or of bra.s.s pipe, iron pipe size. When cast they must be not less than the following weights:

Diameters Weights 1-1/2 inches 0 pound 8 ounces.

2 inches 0 pound 14 ounces.

2-1/2 inches 1 pound 6 ounces.

3 inches 2 pounds 0 ounce.

4 inches 3 pounds 8 ounces.

SEC. 20. BRa.s.s CLEAN-OUTS.--Bra.s.s screw caps for clean-outs must be extra heavy, not less than 1/8 inch thick. The screw cap must have a solid square or hexagonal nut not less than 1 inch high and a least diameter of 1-1/2 inches. The body of the clean-out ferrule must be at least equal in weight and thickness to the caulking ferrule for the same size pipe.

SEC. 21. LEAD WASTE PIPE.--All lead waste, soil vent and flush pipes must be of the best quality, known in commerce as "_D_,"

and of not less than the following weights per linear foot:

Diameters Weights 1-1/4 inches 2-1/2 pounds.

1-1/2 inches 3 pounds.

2 inches 4 pounds.

3 inches 6 pounds.

4 inches 8 pounds.

All lead traps and bends must be of the same weight and thicknesses as their corresponding pipe branches.

SEC. 22. ROOF FLASHERS.--Sheet lead for roof flashings must be 6-pound lead and must extend not less than 6 inches from the pipe and the joint made water-tight.

SEC. 23. TRAPS FOR BATH TUBS, WATER CLOSETS, ETC.--Every sink, bath tub, basin, water closet, slop hopper, or fixtures having a waste pipe, must be furnished with a trap, which shall be placed as close as practicable to the fixture that it serves and in no case shall it be more than 1 foot. The waste pipe from the bath tub or other fixtures must not be connected with a water-closet trap.

SEC. 24. SIZE OF HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL WASTE PIPES, TRAPS AND BRANCHES.--

Horizontal and vertical Number of small fixtures 1-1/4-inch 1 1-1/2-inch 2 2 -inch 3 to 8 2-1/2-inch 9 to 20 3 -inch 21 to 44

If building is ten (10) or more stories in height, the vertical waste pipe shall not be less than 3 inches in diameter. The use of wrought-iron pipe for waste pipe 2 inches or less in diameter is prohibited.

The size of traps and waste branches, for a given fixture, shall be as follows:

---------------------------------------------+------------------ | Size in inches Kind of fixtures +-------+---------- | Trap | Branch ---------------------------------------------+-------+---------- Water closet | 3 | 4 Slop sink with trap combined | 3 | 3 Slop sink ordinary | 2 | 2 Pedestal urinal | 3 | 3 Floor drain or wash | 4 | 4 Yard drain or catch basin | 4 | 4 Urinal trough | 2 | 2 Laundry trays, two or five | 2 | 2 Combination sink and tray (for each fixture) | 1-1/2 | 2 Kitchen sinks, small | 1-1/2 | 1-1/2 Kitchen sinks, large hotel, etc. | | Kitchen sinks, grease trap | | 2 Pantry sinks | 1-1/2 | 1-1/2 Wash basin, one only | 1-1/4 | 1-1/4 Bath tub | 2 | 2 Shower baths | 1-1/2 | 1-1/2 Shower baths, floor | 2 | 2 Sitz bath | 1-1/2 | 1-1/2 Drinking fountains | 1-1/4 | 1-1/4 ---------------------------------------------+-------+----------

SEC. 25. OVERFLOW PIPES.--Overflow pipes from fixtures must in all cases be connected on the inlet side of the traps.

SEC. 26. SETTING OF TRAPS WITHOUT RE-VENT.--All traps must be substantially supported and set true with respect to their water levels. No pot, bottle or "D" trap will be permitted nor any form of trap that is not self-cleaning, nor that has interior chambers or mechanism nor any trap except earthenware ones that depend upon interior part.i.tions for a seal. In case there is an additional fixture required in building and it is impossible to re-vent pipe for the trap, the building department may designate the kind of trap to be used. This shall not be construed to allow traps without re-vents in new buildings.

SEC. 27. SAFE AND REFRIGERATOR PIPES.--Safe-waste pipes must not connect directly with any part of the plumbing system.

Safe-waste pipes must discharge over an open, water-supplied, publicly-placed, ordinary-used sink, placed not more than 3-1/2 feet above the cellar floor. The safe waste from a refrigerator must be trapped at the bottom of the line only and must not discharge upon the ground floor, but over an ordinary open pan, or some properly-trapped, water-supplied sink, as above. In no case shall the refrigerator waste pipe discharge into a sink located in a living room.

The branches on vertical lines must be made by means of "Y"

fittings and be carried to the safe with as much pitch as possible. Where there is an offset on the refrigerator waste pipe in the cellar, there must be clean-outs placed. These clean-outs must be of bra.s.s.

In tenement and lodging houses the refrigerator waste pipe must extend above the roof, and not be larger than 1-1/2 inches and the branches not smaller than 1-1/4 inches.

Refrigerator waste pipes, except in tenement houses, and all safe-waste pipes, must have bra.s.s flap valve on the lower ends. Lead safes must be graded and neatly turned over beveled strips at their edges.

SEC. 28. VENT-PIPE MATERIAL.--Material for vent pipes shall be of lead, bra.s.s, enameled iron or galvanized iron.

SEC. 29. VENTILATION OF TRAPS AND SOIL LINES.--Traps shall be protected from siphonage or air pressure by special vent pipes of a size of not less than the following tables:

-----------------+----------------+----------------------------- | Maximum | Number of traps vented | length in feet | Size of pipe +----------------+------------+---------------- | Mains | Branch | Main vertical -----------------+----------------+------------+---------------- 1-1/4-inch vent | 20 feet | 1 | 1-1/2-inch vent | 40 feet | 2 or less | 2-inch vent | 65 feet | 10 or less | 20 or less 2-1/2-inch vent | 100 feet | 20 or less | 40 or less 3-inch vent | 10 or more | 60 or less | 100 or less | stories | | -----------------+----------------+------------+----------------