Elements of Chemistry Part 36

Distilled water 1.0000 Rain water 1.0000 Filtered water of the Seine 1.00015 Arcueil water 1.00046 Avray water 1.00043 Sea water 1.0263 Water of the Dead Sea 1.2403 Burgundy wine .9915 Bourdeaux ditto .9939 Malmsey Madeira 1.0382 Red beer 1.0338 White ditto 1.0231 Cyder 1.0181 Highly rectified alkohol .8293 Common spirits of wine .8371

Alkohol 15 pts. water 1 part. .8527 14 2 .8674 13 3 .8815 12 4 .8947 11 5 .9075 10 6 .9199 9 7 .9317 8 8 .9427 7 9 .9519 6 10 .9594 5 11 .9674 4 12 .9733 3 13 .9791 2 14 .9852 1 15 .9919

Sulphuric ether .7394 Nitric ether .9088 Muriatic ether .7298 Acetic ether .8664 Sulphuric acid 1.8409 Nitric ditto 1.2715 Muriatic ditto 1.1940 Red acetous ditto 1.0251 White acetous ditto 1.0135 Distilled ditto ditto 1.0095 Acetic ditto 1.0626 Formic ditto .9942 Solution of caustic ammoniac, or volatil alkali fluor .8970 Essential or volatile oil of turpentine .8697 Liquid turpentine .9910 Volatile oil of lavender .8938 Volatile oil of cloves 1.0363 Volatile oil of cinnamon 1.0439 Oil of olives .9153 Oil of sweet almonds .9170 Lintseed oil .9403 Oil of poppy seed .9288 Oil of beech mast .9176 Whale oil .9233 Womans milk 1.0203 Mares milk 1.0346 a.s.s milk 1.0355 Goats milk 1.0341 Ewe milk 1.0409 Cows milk 1.0324 Cow whey 1.0193 Human urine 1.0106

-- 6. _Resins and Gums_

Common yellow or white rosin 1.0727 Arcanson 1.0857 Galipot(A) 1.0819 Baras(A) 1.0441 Sandarac 1.0920 Mastic 1.0742 Storax 1.1098 Opake copal 1.1398 Transparent ditto 1.0452 Madagascar ditto 1.0600 Chinese ditto 1.0628 Elemi 1.0182 Oriental anime 1.0284 Occidental ditto 1.0426 Labdanum 1.1862 Ditto _in tortis_ 2.4933 Resin of guaiac 1.2289 Ditto of jallap 1.2185 Dragons blood 1.2045 Gum lac 1.1390 Tacamahaca 1.0463 Benzoin 1.0924 Alouchi(B) 1.0604 Caragna(C) 1.1244 Elastic gum .9335 Camphor .9887 Gum ammoniac 1.2071 Sagapenum 1.2008 Ivy gum(D) 1.2948 Gamboge 1.2216 Euphorbium 1.1244 Olibanum 1.1732 Myrrh 1.3600 Bdellium 1.3717 Aleppo Scamony 1.2354 Smyrna ditto 1.2743 Galbanum 1.2120 a.s.safoetida 1.3275 Sarcocolla 1.2684 Opoponax 1.6226 Cherry tree gum 1.4817 Gum Arabic 1.4523 Tragacanth 1.3161 Basora gum 1.4346 Acajou gum(E) 1.4456 Monbain gum(F) 1.4206 Insp.i.s.sated juice of liquorice 1.7228 ---- Acacia 1.5153 ---- Areca 1.4573 Terra j.a.ponica 1.3980 Hepatic aloes 1.3586 Socotrine aloes 1.3795 Insp.i.s.sated juice of St John's wort 1.5263 Opium 1.3366 Indigo .7690 Arnotto .5956 Yellow wax .9648 White ditto .9686 Ouarouchi ditto(G) .8970 Cacao b.u.t.ter .8916 Spermaceti .9433 Beef fat .9232 Veal fat .9342 Mutton fat .9235 Tallow .9419 Hoggs fat .9368 Lard .9478 b.u.t.ter .9423

[Note A: Resinous juices extracted in France from the Pine. _Vide Bomare's Dict._]

[Note B: Odoriferous gum from the tree which produces the Cortex Wintera.n.u.s. _Bomare._]

[Note C: Resin of the tree called in Mexico Caragna, or Tree of Madness.

_Ibid._]

[Note D: Extracted in Persia and the warm countries from Hedera terrestris.--_Bomare._]

[Note E: From a Brasilian tree of this name.--_Ibid._]

[Note F: From a tree of this name.--_Ibid._]

[Note G: The produce of the Tallow Tree of Guayana. _Vide Bomare's Dict._]

-- 7. _Woods._

Heart of oak 60 years old 1.1700 Cork .2400 Elm trunk .6710 Ash ditto .8450 Beech .8520 Alder .8000 Maple .7550 Walnut .6710 Willow .5850 Linden .6040 Male fir .5500 Female ditto .4980 Poplar .3830 White Spanish ditto .5294 Apple tree .7930 Pear tree .6610 Quince tree .7050 Medlar .9440 Plumb tree .7850 Olive wood .9270 Cherry tree .7150 Filbert tree .6000 French box .9120 Dutch ditto 1.3280 Dutch yew .7880 Spanish ditto .8070 Spanish cypress .6440 American cedar .5608 Pomgranate tree 1.3540 Spanish mulberry tree .8970 Lignum vitae 1.3330 Orange tree .7050

_Note_--The numbers in the above Table, if the Decimal point be carried three figures farther to the right hand, nearly express the absolute weight of an English cube foot of each substance in averdupois ounces.

See No. VIII. of the Appendix.--E.

No. VIII. ADDITIONAL.

RULES _for Calculating the Absolute Gravity in English Troy Weight of a Cubic Foot and Inch, English Measure, of any Substance whose Specific Gravity is known[64]._

In 1696, Mr Everard, balance-maker to the Exchequer, weighed before the Commissioners of the House of Commons 2145.6 cubical inches, by the Exchequer standard foot, of distilled water, at the temperature of 55 of Fahrenheit, and found it to weigh 1131 oz. 14 dts. Troy, of the Exchequer standard. The beam turned with 6 grs. when loaded with 30 pounds in each scale. Hence, supposing the pound averdupois to weigh 7000 grs. Troy, a cubic foot of water weighs 62-1/2 pounds averdupois, or 1000 ounces averdupois, wanting 106 grains Troy. And hence, if the specific gravity of water be called 1000, the proportional specific gravities of all other bodies will nearly express the number of averdupois ounces in a cubic foot. Or more accurately, supposing the specific gravity of water expressed by 1. and of all other bodies in proportional numbers, as the cubic foot of water weighs, at the above temperature, exactly 437489.4 grains Troy, and the cubic inch of water 253.175 grains, the absolute weight of a cubical foot or inch of any body in Troy grains may be found by multiplying their specific gravity by either of the above numbers respectively.

By Everard's experiment, and the proportions of the English and French foot, as established by the Royal Society and French Academy of Sciences, the following numbers are ascertained.

Paris grains in a Paris cube foot of water = 645511

English grains in a Paris cube foot of water = 529922

Paris grains in an English cube foot of water = 533247

English grains in an English cube foot of water = 437489.4

English grains in an English cube inch of water = 253.175

By an experiment of Picard with the measure and weight of the Chatelet, the Paris cube foot of water contains of Paris grains = 641326

By one of Du Hamel, made with great care = 641376

By Homberg = 641666

These show some uncertainty in measures or in weights; but the above computation from Everard's experiment may be relied on, because the comparison of the foot of England with that of France was made by the joint labours of the Royal Society of London and the French Academy of Sciences: It agrees likewise very nearly with the weight a.s.signed by Mr Lavoisier, 70 Paris pounds to the cubical foot of water.