Early Israel and the Surrounding Nations Part 16

Merodach-sapik-zer-mati, 12 years.

Nabu-nadin, 8 years.

THE DYNASTY OF THE SEA-COAST, B.C. 1096.

Simbar-sipak, 18 years.

Ea-mukin-zeri, 5 months.

Ka.s.su-nadin-akhi, 3 years.

THE DYNASTY OF BIT-BAZI, B.C. 1075.

e-Ulmas-sakin-sumi, 17 years.

Bir-kudur-uzur I., 3 years.

Silanim-Sukamuna, 3 months.

THE DYNASTY OF ELAM, B.C. 1055.

An ..., an Elamite, 6 years.

THE SECOND DYNASTY OF BABYLON, B.C. 1049.

Nebo-kin abli, 36 years.

Bir-kudur-uzur II. (?), 8 months, 12 days.

Probably four names missing.

B.C.

Samas-mudammik cir. 920 Nebo-sum-iskun cir. 900 Nebo-baladan cir. 880 Merodach-nadin-sumi. cir. 860 Merodach-baladhsu-ikbi cir. 830 Bau-akhi-iddin cir. 810

Probably two names missing.

Nebo-sum-iskun, son of Dakuri cir. 760 Nabona.s.sar, 14 years 747 Nebo-nadin-sumi, his son, 2 years 733 Nebo-sum-yukin, his son, 1 month, 12 days 731

THE DYNASTY OF SAPe.

Yukin-zera or Khinziros, 3 years 730 Pulu (Pul or Poros), called Tiglath-pileser III. in a.s.syria, 2 years 727 Ulula, called Shalmaneser IV. in a.s.syria 725

Merodach-baladan II the Chaldaean from the Sea-coast 721 Sargon of a.s.syria 709 Sennacherib, his son 705 Merodach-zakir-sumi, 1 month 702 Merodach-baladan III., 6 months 702 Bel-ebus of Babylon 702 a.s.sur-nadin-sumi, son of Sennacherib 700 Nergal-yusezib 694 Musezib-Merodach 693 Sennacherib a second time 689 Esar-haddon, his son 681 Samas-sum-yukin (Saos-du-khinos), his son 668 Kandalanu (Kineladanos) 648 Nabopola.s.sar 626 Nabu-kudurri-uzur (Nebuchadrezzar II.), his son 605 Amil-Marduk (Evil-Merodach), his son 662 Nergal-sarra-uzur (Nergal-sharezer) 560 Labasi-Marduk (Laborosoar-chod), his son, 3 months. 556 Nabu-nahid (Nabonidos) 556 Cyrus conquers Babylon 538 B.C.

Cambyses, his son 529 Gomates (Gaumata) the Magian usurps the throne, 7 months 521 Nebuchadrezzar III., native king 521 Darius (Darayavaush), son of Hystaspes 520 Nebuchadrezzar IV., rebel king 514 Darius restored 513 Xerxes I. (Khshayarsha), his son 485 Samas-erba, rebel king 480 Xerxes restored 479 Artaxerxes I. (Artakhshatra) Longima.n.u.s, his son 465 Xerxes II., his son, 2 months 425 Sogdianos, his half-brother, 7 months 425 Darius II. Nothos, his brother 424 Artaxerxes II. Mnemon, his son 405 Okhos (Uvasu), son of Artaxerxes 362 a.r.s.es, his son 339 Darius III. Kodomannos 336 Conquered by Alexander the Great 330

[Footnote 12: The first date is that of a chronological tablet compiled in the reign of Ammi-zadok; the second that of the Dynastic Tablet compiled probably in the reign of Nabonidos. In the latter the reigns of illegitimate kings, Pungun-ilu, Immerum, and Eri-Aku, seem to be included in those of the legitimate rulers of the dynasty. Immerum, the son of Lilium, was a contemporary of Sumu-la-ilu, and perhaps, like Nur-Rimmon and Sin-idinnam in the time of Sin-muballidh and Khammurabi, was va.s.sal king of Larsa in southern Babylonia.]

[Footnote 13: The date is probably from 15 to 20 years too high.]

[Footnote 14: The position of this Kuri-galzu is not certain. One of the Kuri-galzus calls himself "son of Burna-buryas," but since Nabonidos states that a Burna-buryas reigned 700 years after Khammurabi, it is possible that among the eight (or in this ease nine) unknown Ka.s.site kings there was a Burna-buryas I., B.C. 1640, whose son was Kuri-galzu I.]

[Footnote 15: As Sennacherib makes Merodach-nadin-akhi defeat the a.s.syrians in B.C. 1107, while the Dynastic Tablet places the death of the Babylonian king in B.C. 1118, there must be a chronological error in the latter.]

III

a.s.sYRIAN CHRONOLOGY

Sargon a.s.serts that he was preceded by 330 a.s.syrian kings, among the earlier of them being Adasi and his son Bel-bani.

HIGH-PRIESTS OF a.s.sUR.

B.C.

Isme-Dagon 1850 Samsi-Rimmon I., his son 1820 Igur-kapkapu (?) Samsi-Rimmon II., his son (?) Khallu (?) Irisum, his son (?)

KINGS OF a.s.sYRIA.

Bel-kapkapu, "the founder of the monarchy."

a.s.sur-suma-esir (?) Bir-tuklat-a.s.sur, his son, (contemporary of the Babylonian king Kharbe-sipak).

Erba-Rimmon (?) a.s.sur-nadin-akhe I., his son (?) a.s.sur-bil-nisi-su cir. 1450 Buzur-a.s.sur 1440 a.s.sur-nadin-akhe II. 1420 a.s.sur-yuballidh, his son cir 1400 Bel-nirari, his son 1380 Pudilu (Pedael), his son 1360 Rimmon-nirari I., his son 1340 Shalmaneser I., his son (the builder of Calah) 1320 Tiglath-Bir I., his son 1300 Conquers Babylon and reigns there 7 years 1290 a.s.sur-n.a.z.ir-pal I., his son, 6 years 1280 Tiglath-Asaur-Bel 1275 a.s.sur-narara 1260 Nebo-dan, his son 1250 Bel-kudurri-uzur. 1225 Bir-pileser 1215 a.s.sur-dan I., his son[16] 1185 Mutaggil-Nebo, his son 1160 a.s.sur-ris-isi, his son[17] 1140 Tiglath-pileser I., his son 1120 a.s.sur-bil-kala, his son 1090 Samsi-Rimmon I., his brother 1070 a.s.sur-n.a.z.ir-pal II., his son 1050

a.s.sur-irbi (?) Tiglath-pileser II 950 a.s.sur-dan II., his son 930 Rimmon-nirari II., his son 911 Tiglath-Bir II., his son 889 a.s.sur-n.a.z.ir-pal III. his son 883 Shalmaneser II., his son 858 a.s.sur-dain-pal (Sardana-pallos), rebel king 825 Samsi-Rimmon II., his brother 823 Rimmon-nirari II., his son 810 Shalmaneser III. 781 a.s.sur-dan III. 771 a.s.sur-nirari 753 Pulu (Pul), usurper, takes the name of Tiglath-pileser III. 745 Conquers Babylon 729 Ulula, usurper, takes the name of Shalmaneser IV. 727 Sargon, usurper 722 Sennacherib (Sin-akhe-erba), his son 705 Esar-haddon (a.s.sur-akh-iddin), his son 681 a.s.sur-bani-pal, his son 668 a.s.sur-etil-ilani-yukinni, his son (?) Sin-sarra-iskun (Sarakos) (?) Destruction of Nineveh 606

[Footnote 16: A contemporary of the Babylonian king Zamama-sum-iddin. If this is the last king but one of the Ka.s.site dynasty, and not rather one of the unknown kings of the dynasty of Isin, the date of a.s.surdan I.

will have to be pushed about 40 years further back.]

[Footnote 17: A contemporary of the Babylonian king Nebuchadrezzar I.]

IV

HEBREW CHRONOLOGY AS CORRECTED BY THE a.s.sYRIAN MONUMENTS

The Israelitish Exodus out of Egypt in the fifth year of Meneptah, son of Ramses II. 1276 Campaign of Ramses III. in southern Palestine cir. 1230 Chushan-rishathaim of Aram-Naharaim or Mitanni conquers Canaan cir. 1225 Saul elected King of Israel cir. 1020 Accession of David cir. 1000 Accession of Solomon cir. 960 Accession of Rehoboam, division of the kingdom cir. 930 Invasion of Palestine by Shishak I. of Egypt 927

JUDAH.

Rehoboam (17 years) cir. 932 Abijah 915 Asa 912 Jehoshapbat 871 Jeboram 846 Ahaziah or Jehoahaz 842 Athaliah 842 Joash 837 Amaziah 797 Uzziah or Azariah 768 Jotham 736 Ahaz 734 Becomes tributary to Tig-lath-pileser 734 Damascus taken by the a.s.syrians 732 Hezekiah 727 Invasion of Judah by Sennacherib 701 Mana.s.seh 697 Amon 642 Josiah 640 Jehoahaz 608 Jehoiakim 608 Jehoiachin 597 Zedekiah 597 Jerusalem destroyed by Nebuchadrezzar 586

ISRAEL.

Jeroboam (22 years) 932 Nadab 910 Baasha 908 Elah 884 Zimri, for 7 days 882 Omri 882 Ahab 874 Ahab and his allies defeated by the a.s.syrians at Qarqar 853 Ahaziah 852 Revolt of Mesha of Moab 851 Joram 850 Jehu 842 He pays tribute to a.s.syria 841 Jehoanaz 814 Jehoash 798 Jeroboam II. 783 Zeohariah 742 Shallum 741 Menahem 741 Pays tribute to Tiglath-pileser 738 Pekahiah 737 Pekah 736 Hoshea 733 or 729 Samaria taken by the a.s.syrians 722

V

THE LETTERS OF EBEB-TOB (OR EBED KHEBA), Va.s.sAL KING OF JERUSALEM, TO AMENOPHIS IV., KING OF EGYPT

I. "To the king my lord thus speaks Ehed-Tob thy servant: At the feet of the king my lord seven times seven I prostrate myself. What have I done against the king my lord? They have slandered me before the king my lord, saying: Ebed-Tob has revolted from the king his lord. Behold, neither my father nor my mother have exalted me in this place; the arm of the Mighty King has made me enter the house of my father. Why should I have committed a sin against the king my lord? By the life of the king, I say to the Commissioner of the king my lord: Why dost thou love the Khabiri (Confederates) and hate the (loyal) governors? And yet continually are they slandering me before the king my lord, because I say that the provinces of the king my lord are being destroyed.