Cotton is King, and Pro-Slavery Arguments Part 22

1855. Do. do. Continent, 322,905,056 lbs.

1855. Value of Cottons imported, $21,655,624.

The remaining statistics of this column can be found in the other Tables.

NOTE.--Our commercial year ends June 30: that of England January 1. This will explain any seeming discrepancy in the imports by her from us, and our exports to her.

N. B.--In 1781 Great Britain commenced re-exporting a portion of her imports of Cotton to the Continent; but the amount did not reach a million of pounds, except in one year, until 1810, when it rose to over eight millions. The next year, however, it fell to a million and a quarter, and only rose, from near that amount, to six millions in 1814 and 1815. From 1818, her _consumption_, only, of cotton, is given, as best representing her relations to slave labor for that commodity. After this date her exports of cotton gradually enlarged, until, in 1853, they reached over one hundred and forty-seven millions of pounds. Of this, over eighty-two millions were derived from the United States, and over fifty-nine millions from India. That is to say, of her imports of 180,431,000 lbs. in 1853, from India, she re-exported 59,000,000.

We are enabled to add, for our second edition, that the imports of Cotton into Great Britain, from India, for 1854, amounted to 119,835,968 lbs., of which 66,405,920 lbs. were re-exported; and that her imports from the same for 1855 amounted to 145,218,976 lbs., of which 66,210,704 lbs. were re-exported; thus leaving, for the former year, but 53,430,048 lbs., and for the latter but 79,008,272 lbs. of East India Cotton for consumption in England. The present condition of cotton supplies from India up to 1859, will be seen in the extracts from the _London Economist_.

TABLE II.

TABULAR STATEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, DOMESTIC ANIMALS, ETC., EXPORTED FROM THE UNITED STATES: THE TOTAL VALUE OF PRODUCTS AND ANIMALS RAISED IN THE COUNTRY; AND THE VALUE OF THE PORTION THEREOF LEFT FOR HOME CONSUMPTION AND USE, FOR THE YEAR 1853. See Patent Office Report; Abstract of Census; Rep. Com. Nav., etc.

======================================================================== Value of Total Value Value of Exports. of Products portion left and Animals. for home consumption.

------------------- -------------- -------------------- ---------------- Cattle, and their products, $3,076,897 Catt. $400,000,000 $396,923,103 Horses and Mules, 246,731 300,000,000 299,753,269 Sheep and Wool, 44,375 Sheep, 46,000,000 45,955,625 Hogs and their products, 6,202,324 Hogs, 160,000,000 153,797,676 Indian Corn and Meal, 2,084,051 Corn, 240,000,000 237,915,949 Wheat Flour and Biscuit, 19,591,817 Wheat, 100,000,000 80,408,183 Rye Meal, 34,186 Rye, 12,600,000 12,565,814 Other Grains, and Peas and Beans, 165,824 54,144,874 53,979,050 Potatoes, 152,569 42,400,00 42,247,431 Apples, 107,283 (1850) 7,723,326 7,616,043 Hay, averaged at $10 per ton, (1850) 138,385,790 138,385,790 Hemp, 18,195 4,272,500 4,254,305 Sugar--Cane and maple, etc., 427,216 (1850) 36,900,000 36,472,784 Rice, 1,657,658 8,750,000 7,092,342 -------------- -------------------- ---------------- Totals, $33,809,126 $ 1,551,176,490 $1,517,367,364 ============== ==================== ================ Cotton, $109,456,404 $128,000,000 $18,543,596 Tobacco, and its products, 11,319,319 19,900,000 8,580,681 -------------- -------------------- ---------------- Totals, $120,775,723 $147,900,000 $27,124,277 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE.--This table is left as it was in the first edition. As the census tables supply a portion of its materials, a new statement cannot be made until after 1860.

TABLE III.

TOTAL IMPORTS OF THE MORE PROMINENT ARTICLES OF GROCERIES, FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1853; SPECIFYING ALSO, THE RE-EXPORTS, AND THE PROPORTIONS FROM SLAVE-LABOR COUNTRIES. See Report on Commerce and Navigation.

======================================================================= Coffee, Imported, Value, $15,525,954 lbs. 199,049,823 " Re-Exported, 1,163,875 " 13,349,319 " Slave-Labor production, 12,059,476 " 156,108,569 Sugar, Imported, $15,093,003 " 464,427,281 " Re-Exported, 819,439 " 18,981,601 " Slave-Labor production, 14,810,091 " 459,743,322 Mola.s.ses, Imported, $3,684,888 gals. 31,886,100 " Re-Exported, 97,880 " 488,666 " Slave-Labor production, 3,607,160 " 31,325,735 Tobacco, etc., Imported, $4,175,238 " Re-Exported, 312,733 " Slave-Labor production, 3,674,402 -----------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE.--A part of the modifications necessary in this table to adopt it to 1859, can be inferred from some of the tables which follow.

TABLE IV.

FREE COLORED AND SLAVE POPULATION, OF THE STATES NAMED, IN THE PERIODS OF TEN YEARS, FROM 1790 TO 1850, WITH THE RATIO OF INCREASE OR DECREASE PER CENT. PER ANNUM, OF THE FORMER.

=========================================================================== STATES AND CLa.s.sES. 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. 1840. 1850.

------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- PENNSYLVANIA. Free Colored 6,537 14,561 22,492 30,202 37,930 47,854 53,626 Increase per cent. per annum ...... 12.27 5.44 3.42 2.55 2.61 1.20 Slaves 3,737 1,706 795 211 403 64 ......

Ma.s.sACHUSETTS. Free Colored 5,463 6,452 6,737 6,740 7,048 8,669 9,064 Increase per cent. per annum ...... 1.81 .44 .004 .45 2.29 .45 Slaves ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......

NEW YORK. Free Colored 4,654 10,374 25,333 29,279 44,870 50,027 49,069 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... 12.29 14.41 1.55 5.32 1.14 [D].19 Slaves 21,324 20,343 15,017 10,088 75 4 ......

NEW JERSEY. Free Colored 2,762 4,402 7,843 12,460 18,303 21,044 23,810 Increase per cent. per annum ...... 5.93 7.81 5.88 4.68 1.49 1.31 Slaves 11,423 12,422 10,851 7,557 2,254 674 236 RHODE ISLAND. Free Colored 3,469 3,304 3,609 3,554 3,561 3,238 3,670 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... [D].47 .92 [D].15 .01 [D]90 1.33 Slaves 952 381 108 48 17 5 ......

VERMONT. Free Colored 225 557 750 903 881 730 718 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... 11.84 3.46 2.04 [D].24 [D]1.71 [D]16 Slaves 17 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......

=========================================================================== STATES AND CLa.s.sES. 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. 1840. 1850.

------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- MAINE. Free Colored 538 818 969 929 1,190 1,355 1,356 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... 5.20 1.84 [D].41 2.80 1.38 .007 Slaves ...... ...... ...... ...... 2 ...... ......

NEW HAMPSHIRE. Free Colored 630 856 970 786 604 537 520 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... 3.58 1.33 [D]1.89 [D]2.31 [D]1.10 [D].31 Slaves 158 8 ...... ...... 3 1 ......

CONNECTICUT. Free Colored 2,801 5,330 6,453 7,844 8,047 8,105 7,693 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... 9.02 2.10 2.15 .25 .07 [D].50 Slaves 2,759 951 310 97 25 17 ......

OHIO. Free Colored ...... 337 1,899 4,723 9,568 17,342 25,279 Increase per cent. per annum ...... ...... 46.35 14.87 10.25 8.12 4.57 Slaves ...... ...... ...... ...... 6 3 ......

INDIANA. Free Colored ...... 163 393 1,230 3,629 7,165 11,262 Increase per cent. per annum ...... ...... 14.11 21.29 19.50 9.74 5.75 Slaves ...... 135 237 190 3 3 ......

DELAWARE. Free Colored 3,899 8,268 13,163 12,958 15,855 16,919 18,073 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... 11.20 5.88 [D].13 2.23 .67 .68 Slaves 8,887 6,153 4,177 4,509 3,292 2,605 2,290 MARYLAND. Free Colored 8,043 19,587 33,927 39,730 52,938 62,078 74,723 Increase per cent. per annum ...... 14.35 7.32 1.71 3.32 1.72 2.03 Slaves 103,036 105,635 111,502 107,397 102,994 89,737 90,368 VIRGINIA. Free Colored 12,766 20,124 30,570 36,889 47,348 49,852 54,333 Increase per cent. per annum ...... 5.76 5.99 2.06 2.83 .52 .89 Slaves 293,427 345,796 392,518 425,153 469,757 449,087 472,528

========================================================================== STATES AND CLa.s.sES. 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. 1840. 1850.

------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- NORTH CAROLINA. Free Colored 4,975 7,043 10,266 14,612 19,543 22,732 27,463 Increase per cent. per annum ...... 4.15 4.57 4.23 3.37 1.63 2.08 Slaves 100,572 133,296 168,824 205,017 245,601 245,817 288,548 SOUTH CAROLINA. Free Colored 1,801 3,185 4,554 6,826 7,921 8,276 8,960 Increase per cent. per annum ...... 7.68 4.29 4.98 1.60 .44 .82 Slaves 107,094 146,151 196,365 258,475 315,401 327,038 584,984 GEORGIA. Free Colored 398 1,019 1,801 1,763 2,486 2,753 2,931 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... 15.60 7.67 [D].21 4.10 1.07 .64 Slaves 22,264 59,404 105,218 149,654 217,531 280,944 381,682 TENNESSEE. Free Colored 361 309 1,317 2,727 4,555 5,524 6,422 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... [D]1.44 32.62 10.70 6.70 2.12 1.62 Slaves 3,417 13,584 44,535 80,107 141,603 183,050 239,459 MISSISSIPPI. Free Colored ...... 182 240 458 519 1,366 930 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... ...... 3.18 9.08 1.33 16.31 [D]3.19 Slaves ...... 3,489 17,088 32,814 65,659 195,211 309,878 ALABAMA. Free Colored ...... ...... ...... 517 1,572 2,039 2,265 Increase per cent. per annum ...... ...... ...... ...... 17.53 2.97 1.10 Slaves ...... ...... ...... 41,879 117,549 252,532 342,844 MISSOURI. Free Colored ...... ...... 607 347 596 1,574 2,618 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... ...... ...... [D]4.28 6.39 17.66 6.63 Slaves ...... ...... 3,011 10,222 25,091 58,240 87,422 KENTUCKY. Free Colored 114 741 1,713 2,759 4,917 7,317 10,011 Increase per cent. per annum ...... 55.00 13.11 6.10 7.82 4.88 3.68 Slaves 11,830 40,343 80,561 126,732 165,213 182,258 210,981

=========================================================================== STATES AND CLa.s.sES. 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. 1840. 1850.

------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- LOUISIANA. Free Colored ...... ...... 7,585 10,476 16,710 25,502 17,462 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... ...... ...... 3.81 5.95 5.26 [D]3.15 Slaves ...... ...... 34,660 69,064 109,588 168,452 244,809 ILLINOIS. Free Colored ...... ...... 613 457 1,637 3,598 5,436 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... ...... ...... [D]2.54 25.82 11.97 5.10 Slaves ...... ...... 168 917 747 331 ......

FLORIDA. Free Colored ...... ...... ...... ...... 844 817 932 Increase or decrease per cent. per annum ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... [D].31 1.40 Slaves ...... ...... ...... ...... 15,501 25,717 39,310 ARKANSAS. Free Colored ...... ...... ...... 59 141 465 608 Increase per cent. per annum ...... ...... ...... ...... 13.89 2.29 1.10 Slaves ...... ...... ...... 1,617 4,576 19,935 47,100 MICHIGAN. Free Colored ...... ...... 120 174 261 707 2,583 Increase per cent. per annum ...... ...... ...... 4.50 5.00 17.08 25.53 Slaves ...... ...... 24 ...... 32 ...... ......

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Free Colored ...... 783 2,549 4,048 6,152 8,361 10,059 Increase per cent. per annum ...... ...... 22.55 5.88 5.19 3.59 2.03 Slaves ...... 3,244 5,395 6,377 6,119 4,694 3,687 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

FOOTNOTE:

[D] DECREASE.

TABLE V.

INFLUENCE OF THE COLORED POPULATION ON PUBLIC SENTIMENT.

TABLE SHOWING THE PROPORTION OF THE FREE COLORED POPULATION IN THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN PORTIONS OF THE STATE OF OHIO, BY COUNTIES, AS PRESENTED BY THE CENSUS OF 1840 AND 1850, TOGETHER WITH THE POPULAR VOTE FOR AND AGAINST THE ABOLITION CANDIDATE, HON. S. P. CHASE, AT THE ELECTION FOR GOVERNOR, OCTOBER, 1855.

================================================= SOUTHERN COUNTIES. MR. CHASE. ------------------------------- --------------- COUNTIES. 1840. 1850. FOR AGAINST --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Hamilton, 2,576 3,600 4,516 18,764 Clermont, 122 412 2,434 2,879 Brown, 614 863 1,571 2,129 Adams, 63 55 1,139 1,629 Scioto, 206 211 1,042 1,497 Lawrence, 148 326 1,092 1,067 Gallia, 799 1,198 344 1,972 Meigs, 28 52 1,515 1,504 Jackson, 315 391 714 906 Pike, 329 618 641 1,156 Highland, 786 896 1,209 2,599 Clinton, 377 598 1,640 964 Warren, 341 602 2,306 1,821 Butler, 254 367 1,960 3,235 Preble, 88 77 1,567 1,326 Montgomery, 376 249 2,746 3,830 Greene, 344 654 1,953 1,357 Fayette, 239 291 909 757 Ross, 1,195 1,906 2,160 2,255 Vinton, [E] 107 722 901 Hocking, 46 117 927 1,199 Pickaway, 333 412 1,521 1,862 Fairfield, 342 280 2,474 2,726 Perry, 47 29 1,772 1,540 Athens, 55 106 1,634 1,072 Washington, 269 390 2,212 1,774 Morgan, 68 90 1,776 1,235 n.o.ble, [E] [F] 1,361 1,030 Monroe, 13 69 1,451 1,901 Belmont, 742 778 1,755 2,856 Guernsey, 190 168 1,893 1,491 Muskingum, 562 631 2,551 3,204 Franklin, 805 1,607 2,487 4,033 Madison, 97 78 562 1,012 Clarke, 20 323 1,866 1,404 Miami, 211 602 1,787 1,977 Darke, 200 248 1,685 1,829 Champaigne, 328 494 1,353 1,463 Union, 78 128 1,222 829 Delaware, 76 135 1,602 1,504 Licking, 140 128 2,021 3,252 Harrison, 163 287 1,712 1,259 Jefferson, 497 665 2,156 1,654 Shelby, 262 407 955 1,286 ------- ------- ------- ------- Total, South, 14,924 21,745 72,915 95,941 -------------------------------------------------

=============================================== NORTHERN COUNTIES. MR. CHASE.

------------------------------- --------------- COUNTIES. 1840. 1850. FOR AGAINST --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Ashtabula, 17 43 3,772 1,156 Lake, 21 38 1,640 521 Geauga, 3 7 1,816 486 Cuyahoga, 121 359 3,965 3,545 Trumbull, 70 65 3,109 1,505 Portage, 39 58 2,660 1,871 Summit, 42 121 2,242 1,326 Medina, 13 35 2,032 1,526 Lorain, 62 264 2,693 919 Huron, 106 39 2,295 1,411 Erie, 97 202 1,564 1,191 Seneca, 65 151 2,332 1,976 Sandusky, 41 47 1,382 1,509 Ottawa, 5 1 369 406 Lucas, 54 139 1,618 1,156 Fulton, [E] 1 715 453 Williams, 2 0 890 878 Defiance, [E] 19 592 626 Henry, 6 0 440 511 Wood, 32 18 1,099 636 Paulding, 0 1 362 115 Putnam, [E] 11 528 858 Hanc.o.c.k, 8 26 1,238 1,359 Vanwert, 0 47 602 483 Allen, 23 27 1,235 929 Wyandott, [E] 49 1,143 1,106 Crawford, 5 10 1,449 1,753 Richland, 65 67 2,220 2,329 Ashland, [E] 3 1,580 1,660 Wayne, 41 28 2,421 2,585 Starke, 204 159 3,343 3,044 Mahoning, [E] 90 1,592 1,552 Columbiana, 417 182 3,118 2,170 Carroll, 49 52 1,502 1,082 Tuscarawas, 71 89 2,552 2,179 Coshocton, 38 44 2,064 2,014 Holmes, 3 5 1,194 1,675 Knox, 63 62 2,166 2,135 Morrow, [E] 18 1,631 1,371 Marion, 52 21 1,220 1,184 Hardin, 4 14 903 725 Logan, 407 536 1,424 1,119 Mercer, 204 399 492 968 Auglaise, [E] 87 643 1,286 ------- ------- ------- ------- Total, North, 2,450 3,524 73,877 59,319 -----------------------------------------------

FOOTNOTES:

[E] Not organized in 1840.

[F] Not organized in 1850.

TABLE VI.

TOTAL COTTON CROP OF THE UNITED STATES, WITH THE AMOUNTS EXPORTED, THE CONSUMPTION OF THE UNITED STATES, NORTH OF VIRGINIA, AND THE STOCK ON HAND, SEPTEMBER 1, OF EACH YEAR, FROM 1840 TO 1859, IN POUNDS.--_London Economist_, 1859.