Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume I Part 78

2. Water, at 50 Fahr., charged with the gas. Powerfully antiseptic and sedative; in foul ulcers, gangrene, &c.

=Bath, Chlo"ride of Ammo"nium.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM AMMO"NII CHLORI'DI, B.

AMMO"NIae HYDROCHLORA'TIS, L. Sal-ammoniac, 2 to 3 _lbs._, or even 4 _lbs._ In chronic inflammations, glandular enlargements and indurations, chronic rheumatism and affections of the joints, leucorrha, chilblains, frost-bites, &c.

=Bath, Chlo"ride of Soda.= Solution of chlorinated soda, 1-1/2 _lb._; water, 30 _galls._

=Bath, Chlo"rine.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM CHLORIN'II, B. CHLORINA'TUM, L. Tepid water to which a little chlorine has been added. Antiseptic, stimulant, and subsequently sedative and antiphlogistic; in itch, foul and gangrenous ulcers, chronic liver affections, &c. Chloride of lime is commonly subst.i.tuted for chlorine.

2. (Magendie; Wallace.) Chlorine gas (obtained from salt, 1-1/2 _oz._; oil of vitriol and water, of each 1 _oz._; and black oxide of manganese, 1/2 _oz._ to 1 _oz._) diluted with air, at a temperature of 104 to 150 Fahr., and applied, by means of a suitable apparatus, for 10 minutes to 1/2 an hour; every possible precaution being taken to prevent it being inhaled. In chronic liver affections, gradually and cautiously increasing the ingredients to three times the above quant.i.ty, and decreasing the dilution with air until the gas is used nearly pure.[112]

[Footnote 112: A dangerous remedy in careless or unskilful hands; and even with the experienced not always free from danger. The writer of this article once nearly lost his life from a single inspiration of the gas which accidentally escaped its proper limits. Terrific spasms of the glottis and a convulsive cough immediately came on, and lasted, with more or less severity, for nearly 14 hours.]

=Bath, Cold.= _Syn._ BALNEUM FRIG'IDUM (-frij'-), FRIGIDA"RIUM, L.; BAIN FROID, Fr. Water, fresh, saline, or mineral, at a temperature varying from 33 to about 75; but usually understood to apply to water between 50 and 70 Fahr. When below 50 it is considered very cold. At a temperature ranging from 60 to about 75 it is commonly used by the healthy and vigorous as a luxury, and for cleanliness.

"The immediate effects of the cold bath are a sensation of cold (speedily followed by one of warmth), contraction of the cutaneous vessels, paleness of the skin, diminution of perspiration, and reduction of the volume of the body. Shivering, and, as the water rises to the chest, a kind of convulsive sobbing, are also experienced. Continued immersion renders the pulse small, and ultimately imperceptible, and the respiration difficult and irregular. A feeling of inactivity succeeds; the joints become rigid and inflexible; pain in the head, drowsiness, and cramps, come on; the temperature of the body falls rapidly; and faintness, followed by death, ensues." "Its primary effects const.i.tute the SHOCK--its secondary effects, the REACTION or GLOW."[113] Hence it is that immersion of the body in water below about 65 Fahr. cannot be tolerated for any length of time without such a loss of animal heat as frequently to induce highly sedative and depressing effects, from which the const.i.tution does not readily recover. Water at a temperature of below about 50 Fahr. can only be safely used as a plunge-bath. The sedative effects of sea and mineral waters is much than that of pure water, or of spring or river water.

[Footnote 113: Pereira, 'Mat. Med. and Therap.,' 4th ed., i, 29.]

The cold bath, medically considered, is tonic, stimulant, and restorative, when judiciously taken, and when not too long continued or too often repeated. When beneficial, the patient feels a pleasant glow on the surface of the body immediately following it. If a sensation of coldness or shivering ensues, it acts injuriously, and should not be repeated. The duration of the immersion may vary from 2 to 15 minutes, the precise time depending upon the temperature of the water and the feelings of the bather; the longer period being only proper in fine weather, and when accompanied by swimming or violent exercise.

As a remedial agent, the cold bath is princ.i.p.ally recommended to increase the tone and vigour of the system; and is contra-indicated when there is a tendency to apoplexy, or to chronic affections, functional or organic, of the heart, lungs, or kidneys. It should never be taken when the person feels chilly, languid, or depressed; or if drowsiness and shivering follow it.

The temperature of the water of the rivers and the coasts of England ranges, in summer, from 55 to 70 or 72 Fahr.

=Bath, Creosote.= Creosote, 2 _dr._; glycerin, 2 _oz._; boiling water, one _gall._ To be added to 29 _galls._ of water.

=Bath, Douche.= See BATH, SHOWER, DOUCHE, &c.

=Bath, Dry.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM SICc.u.m, L. The immersion of the body in any dry material, as ashes, salt, sand, &c. EARTH-BATHING, as administered by the once notorious quack, Dr Graham, was of this kind. In the sudatorium or sweating room of the ancients the body was immersed in heated sand.

=Bath, Elec'tric.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM ELEC'TRIc.u.m, L. The patient, placed on an insulated stool, is put in contact, by means of a metallic wire, with the prime conductor of an electrical machine in action. The surface of the body is thus rendered electro-positive, and the surrounding air, by induction, electro-negative. It has been recommended in chronic rheumatism, scirrhous tumours, &c.

=Bath, Electro-chemical= (of Dr Caplin). This is founded on the supposition that all diseases arise from the presence of mineral, or other extraneous morbific matter, in some organ, or the whole organism, and which is capable of removal by electrolysis. The patient is placed in an appropriately arranged voltaic bath, and there "saturated with the electric fluid." This "decomposes everything which is foreign to the organism, the vital parts being protected by the law of conservation belonging to every organic production." These foreign substances are said to be thus carried out of the system by the electric current, and to be "fixed and plated on the copper in the same way, and according to the same law and principle (only reversed), as in the process of electro-plating."[114]

[Footnote 114: 'Hist. Records of the Electro-chem. Bath,' by Mons. J. F.

J. Caplin, M.D. Bailliere, 1860.]

=Bath, Fec'ula.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM AM'YLI, B. FaeC'ULae, L. Potato-starch or wheat-starch, 1 to 4 _lbs._; boiling water q. s. to dissolve. Resembles the BRAN-BATH.

=Bath, Ferru'ginous.= _Syn._ CHALYB'EATE BATH; BAL'NEUM FERRUGIN'EUM, B.

CHALYBEATUM, L. 1. Green sulphate of iron, 1 to 2 _lbs._ A well-tinned copper, wooden, or j.a.panned bath may be used. In general debility when chalybeates are indicated, and the stomach will not bear iron; also in piles and prolapsus. The stains on the towels used to wipe the patient may be removed by at once soaking them in water acidulated with hydrochloric acid.

2. (Ioduretted.) See BATH OF IODIDE OF IRON.

=Bath, Foot.= _Syn._ PEDILU'VIUM, L. Warm (or hot). Revulsive, counter-irritant; in colds, menstrual and haemorrhoidal suppressions, rheumatism, stiffness of the ankles, tender feet, &c. A little common salt, flour of mustard, or sal-ammoniac, is often added to render it more stimulant, to prevent 'taking cold,' &c. See FEET, &c.

=Bath, Gelat'inous.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM GELATINO'SUM, B. GELATIN'II, L.

Gelatin or fine Salisbury glue, 3 or 4 _lbs._; dissolved in boiling water, 2 _galls._, or q. s.; and added to a warm bath. At the 'Hospital for Cutaneous Diseases' 8 _lbs._ of patent size are used for a bath of 30 to 35 _galls._ Emollient; formerly, but erroneously, considered nutritive.

_Used_ in skin diseases; generally combined with sulphur. See BATH, BAReGES.

=Bath, Glyc'erine= (glis'). _Syn._ BAL'NEUM GLYCERIN'II, B. G.

COMPOS'ITUM, L. Glycerine, 2 _lbs._; gum arabic (dissolved), 1 _lb._ Used as a soothing emollient, in itching, dryness, irritation, and hardness of the skin, &c. Where expense is an object, 3 or 4 _lbs._ of good honey, and 1 _oz._ of salt of tartar, form an excellent subst.i.tute for the glycerine.

=Bath, Hem'lock.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM CO'NII, L. 1. Dried hemlock-leaves (or herb), 4 to 6 handfuls; water, 1 _gall._; infuse 2 hours, and strain. The part to be immersed in, or bathed with, the warm infusion, observing not to apply it if the skin is unsound; or it may be added to the water of a bath in the usual manner. In gout, cancer, chronic rheumatism, and certain skin diseases.

2. (Cut. Hosp.) Extract of hemlock, 2 _oz._; starch, 1 _lb._; boiling water, 1 _gall._; dissolve. For a bath of about 30 _galls._ As the last.

=Bath, Hip.= _Syn._ c.o.xaeLU'VIUM, L. Usually warm; sometimes fully warm, or somewhat hot. In inflammatory, spasmodic, and chronic affections of the abdominal and pelvic viscera; in suppressed and painful menstruation, haemorrhoids, strangury, prolapsus, ischuria, &c.; also as a subst.i.tute for a full bath, when this last is contra-indicated by some affection of the lungs, heart, brain, or great vessels. Like full baths, it may be often advantageously medicated. See BIDET.

[Ill.u.s.tration]

=Bath, Hot.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM CAL'IDUM, CALDA"RIUM, L.; BAIN CHAUD, Fr.

Usual temperature, 98 to 106 Fahr.

The hot bath has a remarkably tranquillising effect upon the nervous system, producing a strong tendency to quietude and sleep. It also acts as a powerful antispasmodic, and by determining the blood to the surface of the body tends to relieve visceral inflammation and congestion. In chronic affections arising from the action of cold and damp and from exhausted energy, in stiff joints, rheumatism, neuralgia, diarrha, and numerous other affections, its effects are often rapid and remarkable. At high temperatures it strongly stimulates the arterial system, and arouses nervous energy and vital action, producing excessive excitement and turgescence, followed by copious perspiration, which has been often found successful in cholera, paralysis, &c. If the immersion be too long continued, or the bath be injudiciously employed, la.s.situde, debility, and somnolency ensue, and the good effect of the bath is more or less lost. In these cases violent throbbing and painful distension of the vessels of the head, with a distressing feeling of suffocation and anxiety, are premonitory symptoms of impending apoplexy, an accident which sometimes, though seldom, follows its improper use.

=Bath, Hydrochlo"rate of Ammonia.= See BATH, CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM.

=Bath, Hydrochlo"ric Acid.= _Syn._ MURIAT'IC ACID BATH; BAL'NEUM HYDROCHLO"RIc.u.m, B. ACIDUM H., B. MURIAT'Ic.u.m, &c., L. Commercial hydrochloric acid, 1 to 3 _lbs._ (in chronic liver affections); or 3 to 6 fl. oz. (in prurigo and lichen).

=Bath, Hydrosul'phuretted.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM HYDROSULPHURE'TUM, L.--1. A tepid sulphuretted bath, with the addition of hydrochloric acid, 2 or 3 fl. _dr._, immediately before immersion. In rheumatism, chronic skin diseases, hooping-cough, and certain forms of paralysis:--2. A tepid bath to which 3 to 6 fl. _oz._ of (liquid) hydrosulphate of ammonia is added immediately before use. Used as the last. It often acts almost as a specific in hooping-cough and certain breath ailments.

=Bath, I'odine of I'ron.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM FER'RI IODI'DI, L. _Prep._ (Pierquin.) Iodide of iron, 1/2 _oz._ to 2 _oz._ In amenorrha, leucorrha, chlorosis, scrofula, &c.; gradually increasing the quant.i.ty of the iodide until 4 _oz._, or more, is used for a bath.

=Bath, I'odine.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM IODIN'II, L.:--1. Iodine, 3 to 5 _dr._; dry siliceous sand, 2 _oz._; triturated together until reduced to fine powder, and then agitated with the water of a tepid bath for 10 or 15 minutes. 2. (Cutan. Hosp.) Iodine, 4 _dr._; liquor of pota.s.sa, 4 _oz._; water, 2 _pints_; dissolve; for a bath of 30 _galls._ In skin diseases complicated with scrofula, glandular enlargements, amenorrha, &c.

=Bath, Io'duretted.= _Syn._ IO'DURATED BATH, I'ODISED B., COMPOUND IODINE-B., &c.; BAL'NEUM IODURE'TUM, B. IODURA'TUM*, B. POTAS"SII SUPERIODI'DI, &c., L. Lugol, the leading authority on this subject, employs this bath of the different strengths, &c., shown in the following tables:--

_a._ FOR ADULTS:--

---------+------------+------------+--------------- Degree. Iodine. Iodide of Water for the Pota.s.sium. bath.

---------+------------+------------+--------------- dr. dr. gal.

---------+------------+------------+--------------- 1 2 to 2-1/2 4 to 5 50 ---------+------------+------------+--------------- 2 2 " 3 4 " 6 60 ---------+------------+------------+--------------- 3 3 " 3-1/2 6 " 7 75 ---------+------------+------------+---------------

_b._ FOR CHILDREN:--

---------+----------+------------+---------- Age. Iodine. Iodide of Water.

Pota.s.sium. ---------+----------+------------+---------- gr. gr. gal.

---------+----------+------------+---------- 4 to 7 30 to 36 60 to 72 9 ---------+----------+------------+---------- 7 " 11 48 " 72 96 " 144 18 ---------+----------+------------+---------- 11 " 14 72 " 96 144 " 192 31 ---------+----------+------------+----------

? The dry ingredients of the first Table are to be dissolved in a pint of water, and of the second, in 1/2 pint of water, before adding them to the bath.

In scrofulous affections and the other cases in which the external use of iodine or the iodides is indicated. Enamelled ware, stoneware, or wooden vessels must be employed.

=Bath, Lime.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM c.u.m CAL'CE, L. Lime, 3 _lbs._; slaked, and added to the bath. In gout, lithic diathesis, itch, &c. See BATH, VAPOUR.

=Bath, Mercu"rial.= _Syn._ ANTISYPHILIT'IC BATH; BAL'NEUM MERCURIA'LE, B.

HYDRAR'GYRI BICHLORI'DI, B. ANTISYPHILIT'Ic.u.m, &c., L.; BAIN MERCURIEL, B.